Black rhino, I don`t know why you assume I am a zoo hater - I love visiting zoos and watching animals, and especially elephants. I am NOT against keeping elephants in zoos! I think zoos can give elephants a decent life, when they get a lot of space, and bonds between individuals are respected and families kept together. Not all zoos do that, and a lot of zoo elephants live in unacceptable conditions, both in the US and in Europe.
I am REALLY interested to know where wild elephants have been observed swaying, do I get it right that your source has not seen that himself? I am eager to learn as much about elephants as possible, and that does seem to be a critical piece of information. So if anyone finds something, let me know. As long as someone who has never seen wild elephants and is unable to quote scientists is the only source, I admit that I don`t believe it.
Ashley, I do NOT believe that an elephnat swaying means the zoo is cruel or the elephant living in bad conditions. It`s a lot more difficult then that. My understanding is that swaying indicates that the elephants has IN THE PAST suffered from trauma and restricted movements through chaining (most likely for prolonged periods). It does not mean the elephant is mistreated or in a bad place right NOW. However, swaying does indicate that the ele is bored, and everything possible must be done to provide as much as stimulation as possible (hiding food, providing toys as short term measures; in long-term, building larger indoor and outdoor enclosures and keeping large family groups instead of small herds of just 2 or 3 females is required).