Cold weather species in warm weather zoos

[elefante]

If this a duplicate feel free to delete it. I've always wondered, how do zoos in warm climates keep cold weather species comfortable? I know that animals like polar bears, seals, and penguins spend lots of time in the water so not much issue, but what about species like caribou, takin, snow leopard, markhor, and Amur leopard? These ones are not exactly aquatic so how do zoos keep them cool? Or does heat just not faze them at all?

 

[Kakapo]

I believe that most warm climate zoos just avoid these species. The ones that doesn't, probably don't have any trick to make cold zones animals comfortable, except shade provided by walls/shade poles/trees/dens. I've cared for snowy owls and great grey owls in Levante coast of Spain in a private state, and they thrived well, snowy owls even put an egg (but they abandoned it so no chick hatched).

 

[JigerofLemuria]

I think a huge factor here is size. Many zoos in warm/hot climates have the moderately-sized penguins in fully indoor enclosures. The same has been done with arctic foxes, wolverines, tanukis, larger earless seals, and even the very large Pacific walrus and Beluga whales. These are all kept in relatively warm climates (Spain, Hong Kong and Singapore), in fully indoor enclosures. However, keeping a large terrestrial arctic animal, such as a polar bear or a musk ox, in a hot-climated zoo is quite the challenge... It's not usually done, and when it is, it's often poor in quality. Most of the ones I've seen were in the hot outdoors, and I've only seen the fully indoor approach once, in the Sao Paulo Aquarium;
Polar bear enclosure (partial view), April 2016 - ZooChat