Golden Eagles of Western Carpathian mountains

Jana

Well-Known Member
15+ year member
I create this thread to occasionaly post updates on population trend of Golden Eagle in Western Carpathian mountain range (Central-East Europe). It´s based on published census data.

Population of Golden Eagles breeding in this area is restricted to mountains and hilly terrain between 400 and 1700 meters asl. Adults have their stable territories while immature birds are floaters and can stray several hundred km into lowlands. Pairs nest usually on trees (60-90%) and steep rocks. Average density is 0,5 pair per 100 km2 now and very slowly rising. Kainism is strong, only 2-4% of second hatched chicks survive and fledge. Consumed food is varied and highly oportunistic because their favourite prey species either never lived here or their populations crashed to near extinction. Birds make around 30-50% of diet - singing birds (Turdus), buzzards, corvidae, owls, pigeons. Deer carcasses are important source (road kill, wolf and lynx victims), also martens, house cats, foxes and squirrels. And snakes. Marmots and chamois live in only tiny part of eagle range, but where they live, they make majority of diet.

Survey results of breeding territorial pairs in 2022 season:
Poland - 30 kept territories, 10 chicks fledged (number of additional undetected pairs is probably low)
Slovakia - 102 territories detected, ? chicks fledged (estimated total number of pairs is 140)
Hungary - 3 territories kept, 3 chicks fledged (no hidden pairs, monitoring is water-tight)
Czech republic - 3 breeding territories, +2 suspected, 2 chicks fledged
Ukraine - no survey that I could find, but eagles breed in their part of Carpathians
= minimal population count is 138 pairs, estimated total 180-200 (without Ukraine)

If we look at historical surveys, 10 years ago, numbers were as follows:
Poland - 28 pairs
Slovakia - 94 pairs
Hungary - 3 pairs
Czechia - zero
= minimal population was 125 pairs

The population is slowly extending its range towards west and also increasing density at glacial speed (1 - 2 pairs per year).
 
It´s time for an update - 2023 breeding season looked like this:

Poland - 28 pairs, 8 chicks fledged by 8 pairs (one chick got no ring, it was detected only after it left the nest)

Slovakia - 84 pairs found, 31 chicks fledged (in 3 cases there were 2 chicks per nest, all of them in the most western part of range - Kysuce, Javorniky, Stiavnicke Vrchy). Slovak population is larger but not all areas got checked.

Hungary - 3 pairs, 3 chicks ringed (can´t find info on actual no. of fledlings)

Czechia - 5 pairs, 2 chicks fledged (both chicks were not ringed, our ornitologists failed to find their nests before they managed to fledge), + 1 suspected teritory with immature birds

=minimal total population figure was 120 pairs, that produced 45 chicks

Ukraine - still havent found any current survey results, but info I got (already few years old) is that golden eagles are incredibly rare there for decades, with 2-3 pairs detected along Slovak border and 1-2 pair suspected along Romanian border, with zero pairs in the rest of Ukrainian part of Carpathian mountains.

Western Carpathian golden eagles seem to be spacially (and genetically) cut-off from all other surviving golden eagle populations in Europe. I ´ve never seen any report of birds ringed elsewhere (Alps, Baltic, Balkan..) to be detected within the breeding range, not even in form of floating immatures. It correlates with high level of inbreeding found in Slovak eagles See study However golden eagles are not routinely ringed in Romania thus casual immigrants from there would not be recognised in field surveys.
 
Update of the 2024 golden eagle breeding season in western Carpathians:

Poland - 31 territorial pairs, 17 chicks fledged
Slovakia - 91 territories detected, 31 chicks fledged
Hungary - ? (probably 3 pairs)
Czech republic - 5-6 breeding territories, 3 chicks fledged
Ukraine - ? (no info, maybe 1-3 pairs possible)
=minimal total population was 130 pairs, that produced 51 chicks.
 
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