Vanga's ( 3 species I believe ).
The only species they keep, and I believe the only vanga ever kept outside Madagascar, is the sickle-billed vanga. If I remember right, this species is also likely to disappear from Walsrode because they lack a female.
The following Malagasy endemic breeders/near-endemic species are kept in captivity outside Madagacar:
MAMMALS:
- Coquerel's and crowned sifaka.
- Aye-aye.
- Both ruffed lemur species.
- All Eulemur species, perhaps except E. rufifrons (it was considered a race of E. rufus until a few years ago, and I'm not sure about the status of all captive "E. rufus" after the split).
- Aloatra, western and greater bamboo lemur.
- Coquerel's and fat-tailed dwarf lemur.
- Goodman's mouse lemur. There are also plenty of captive "grey mouse lemurs", but I'm not sure if anyone knows what they really are after the confusing taxonomic changes in this genus in the last decade.
- Fossa, ring-tailed mongoose and narrow-striped mongoose. I'm not sure about the current status of the Malagasy civet at the now closed Rare Species Conservation Centre (UK).
- Common, greater hedgehog, lesser hedgehog, lowland streaked and highland streaked tenrec.
- Malagasy giant rat.
I believe the largest collection of lemurs outside Madagascar is at Duke University (USA), the largest open collection of Madagascar carnivores are at Berlin (Germany) and Plzen (Czech Republic), and the largest of tenrecs is at Plzen (not all on-show).
BIRDS:
- Madagascar pond heron.
- Madagascar crested and Madagascar sacred ibis.
- Bernier's teal and Meller's duck.
- Madagascar partridge.
- Madagascar button-quail.
- Madagascar blue and Madagascar turtle dove.
- Both vasa parrots and grey-headed lovebird.
- Giant, blue and crested coua.
- Cuckoo-roller (supposedly still kept off-show at Walsrode; formerly it was on display).
- Long-tailed and pitta-like ground-roller.
- Madagascar magpie-robin.
- Madagascar white-eye.
- Sickle-billed vanga.
- Crested drongo.
- Madagascar fody.
- Madagascar mannikin.
By far the largest collections of Madagascar birds are at Walsrode (Germany) and Zurich (Switzerland); several of the species listed above are kept nowhere else. Unfortunately, some unique Madagascar birds have also disappeared from these two zoos in the last few years, and more are likely to follow. Unless new imports are possible, I suspect giant coua, cuckoo-roller, both ground-rollers, the vanga and the drongo are on the way out.
REPTILES:
* Madagascar crocodile (race of Nile crocodile).
* Parson's, Malagasy giant and panther chameleon are all present in reasonable numbers in captivity. Very small numbers of a few other species are also present. Among the many Malagasy chameleon species that have been kept, most bred little or not at all in captivity, meaning that they relied on imports of wild caught. Exports of most Madagascar chameleons are now illegal, meaning that most species are unavailable for zoos and private keepers alike. Beyond chameleons, the majority of Malgasy lizards are present in captivity, including:
- Virtually all Malagasy day gecko species.
- Several species of leaf-tailed geckos, as well as a number of other gecko species (Blaesodactylus, Ebenavia, Paroedura, etc).
- All, or at least nearly all, Madagascan iguana species.
- Both Tracheloptychus plated lizard species and quite a few Zonosaurus lizard species.
- A few Amphiglossus skink species.
* Beyond the Malagasy boas (Acranthopis, Sanzinia) that are kept in quite large numbers, few Malagasy snakes are kept in captivity, but there are a few Malagasy cat-eyed snakes species, leafnose snake and a few Madagascar hog-nosed snake species.
* All Madagascar turtles and tortoises.
* Among frogs, Mantellas and Tomato frogs are the most widely kept, but there are also a few species of Boophis, Heterixalus, Mantidactylus (sensu lato), Scaphiophryne, Platypelis, etc.
In both reptiles and amphibians, by far the largest collection in any single zoo is at Plzen, including the associated aqua-terrarium, but not all are on-show.
FISH:
- Many of the native cichlid species are kept, including quite large numbers among private aquarists. Among the Madagascar cichlid genera, I know species are kept from Katria (rare in captivity), Paratilapia (reasonably common), Paretroplus (a few species in fairly large numbers, other in small numbers, and some not in captivity at all) and Ptychochromis (same as Paretroplus). I'm not aware of anyone keeping Oxylapia or Ptychochromoides.
- Among Madagascar rainbowfish, several species of Bedotia are kept, while the keeping of Rheocles is far rarer. The associated killifish Pachypanchax are also kept in some numbers.
- I am not aware of any other of the Malagassy endemic freshwater fish (gobies, glassfish, catfish, etc) in captivity, but it is possible they're out there is very small numbers and I just missed them/forgot about seeing them.
INVERTS:
- I'm only aware of Gromphadorhinini hissing cockroaches, Achrioptera walking sticks and Zoosphaerium giant pill millipedes in captivity. The impressive Madagascar giant pill millipedes have an awful survival record in captivity. They are almost certainly best left in the wild until some studies have been performed on their wild food, which hopefully will result in a better chance of maintaining them in captivity.
There are plenty of 'semi-captive' lemurs in Madagascar, but most of these are simply large, fenced-in natural woodlands where a few lemurs live. As far as I know, the only 'real' zoo in Madagascar is Tsimbazaza Zoo in the capital. Unsurprisingly, it has a quite impressive collection of native animals, but the majority (there are a few exceptions) are also kept in North American or European zoos. Additionally, a group of Madagascar pochards are kept at a breeding facility in Madagascar. Neither indris nor silky sifaques are kept in 'real' captivity, but indris are kept in the 'semi-captive' form I described earlier.
A rather long list. It is entirely possible that I forgot something!
