Virginia Living Museum Virginia Living Museum Review and Species List - September 2023

Astrotom3000

Well-Known Member
10+ year member
Hello Zoochatters, I am back with another facility review and species list. This will be the first of 3 review/species list threads that I will be posting in the coming days/weeks (depending on when I have time) regarding the (AZA-accredited) zoos and aquariums of Virginia.

As with my previous lists, I will give a brief overview and review of each exhibit, along with the species present. Latin names are provided for your convenience. Anything noteworthy regarding animal visibility or exhibit states will also be noted.

Also, unlike my previous threads, I will split my review and list across multiple posts, to make it easier for me to manage.

Lastly, if an animal is signed, but not seen, I will simply mark it as not seen. I will only mark an animal as "off-exhibit" as opposed to not seen if I get confirmation the animal is actually off-exhibit (such as a sign or from a keeper).

I have also compiled a species list in the form of an iNaturalist list which you can view here -> [VISIT] Virginia Living Museum Species List. Do note that this includes every species that was signed; I will explain why this is important later.

Astrotom3000's Virginia Venture
Last week, I had just gotten back from a week-long trip to Virginia Beach, VA during which I have managed to visit all of Virginia's AZA-accredited facilities. This may sound impressive until you realize that A) Virginia only has 3 accredited facilities, and B) they are all located within the Hampton Roads area. The actual main impetus for embarking on this trip was to attend the Oceana Navel Station Airshow with my family. With all 3 zoological facilities located not far away, I couldn't pass up on the opportunity to expand my travels.

This first thread will cover the Virginia Living Museum in Newport News, VA. This is the first of the 3 VA facilities that I visited during my trip and was my 32nd zoological facility overall. My date of visit was September 18, 2023. I also visited the Virginia Zoo and the Virginia Aquarium and Marine Science Center. Those will come later.

Overview
The Virginia Living Museum (VLM) is a museum/zoo/aquarium (kind-of) located in Newport News, VA. Located within Deer Park, the museum focuses on the natural ecology of Virginia, mainly showcasing native wildlife and plants. The museum consists of the circular 2-story main building, which contains a variety of exhibits and also serves as the museum's entrance and main hub. The museum additionally features nearly a mile of outdoor trails, most of which is elevated boardwalk that traverses through bottomland floodplain forest. Over 100 species can be found at the museum, of which the majority are Virginia natives.

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The museum also features a planetarium, but they only run shows on the weekends, so I missed out being a weekday visitor. Also, their on-site cafe was closed for reasons that were unclear, but thankfully, they did allow me to leave to grab lunch and return.

Overall, I found the VLM to be a very strong native-focused facility. The exhibitry and colleciton overall are very solid, and the facility is well laid-out. The indoor exhibits are well-organized and designed, and the presentation overall is good. The pair of 2-story "greenhouse"-style exhibits at the back of the main building are especially good. The outdoor trail not only showcases some of the museum's collection, but also interacts with the natural environment, providing various opportunities to see wild animals.

One big complaint I do have about the museum is that they seem to have trouble keeping their signage up to date, and I will highlight this as I go through each exhibit. Signage in some spots was either outdated or just flat-out missing. There were a couple of other instances like this where the museum does give off slight "best-days-are-behind-us-so-why-bother" vibes, but despite that, I still consider the VLM to be an overall solid facility and I really enjoyed my time there (I spent the entire day at the facility, so there's that).

Without further ado, let's dig in.

Next Post: Main Building - Entrance Level
 
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Main Building - Entrance Level
This is the main building through which visitors enter the facility. The building is 2 floors, and visitors actually enter on the "2nd" floor. The 2nd floor contains the following exhibits.

Cylindrical Tank Behind Info/Admissions Desk

  • Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)
Piedmont and Mountains
This exhibit showcases wildlife from Virginia's piedmont and mountain regions.

This is a good way to start any visit, especially if you follow the exhibits in the "thematic" order (mimicking the path of a river from the mountains to the sea). I really enjoy these kinds of exhibits, and one thing that surprised me is just how the open-air tanks are designed, with the glass just barely above water-level and animals literally being within arms reach; this would become a running theme throughout the facility.

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  • Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus)
  • Marbled Salamander (Ambystoma opacum) (in a separate "cave" terrarium)
  • Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus)
  • Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus)
  • Bowfin (Amia calva)
  • Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus)
  • Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus)
  • Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)
  • Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) (Signed as Rockfish)
  • Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
  • Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu)
  • Unspecificed Bullhead (Ameiurus)*
  • Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta)
  • Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)
  • Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata)
  • Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus)
  • Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
  • Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Unsigned)**
  • Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina)
  • Flier (Centrarchus macropterus)
  • Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus)
  • Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
  • Redbreast Sunfish (Lepomis auritus)
  • Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus)
  • Yellow-bellied Slider (Trachemys scripta scripta) (Unsigned)
  • Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)
  • Eastern Ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) (Signed with correct latin name)***
  • Northern Pine Snake (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus)
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Notes
*The Bullhead in this case was not seen. I did see Yellow Bullhead elsewhere in the facility, so this is most likely what would have been here.
**Yellow Bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) were signed here, but the catfish present definitely looked more like Channel Catfish, which were not signed. Yellow Bullhead are present elsewhere in the facility.
***This exhibit appears to have previously been home to Chipmunk and Cornsnake.

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Coastal Plain
This exhibit depicts the coastal plain and waters of Virginia, and mainly houses aquatic brackish and saltwater wildlife.

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This exhibit is pretty good as well, though I did not find it as interesting as the previous gallery. The gallery does open up with an impressively large tank, although it seemed to be a little light on species variety. Also, signage was a bit lacking here, but don't worry, it gets worse on the lower level.
  • Atlantic Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)
  • Long-claw Hermit Crab (Pagurus longicarpus)
  • Northern Pipefish (Syngnathus fuscus)
  • Northern Seahorse (Hippocampus erectus)
  • Atlantic Spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber)
  • Atlantic Tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) (Not seen)
  • Black Drum (Pogonias cromis)
  • Permit (Trachinotus falcatus)
  • Queen Triggerfish (Balistes vetula) (Unsigned)
  • Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
  • Sandbar Shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) (Not seen)
  • Common Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus)
  • Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis)
  • Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus)
  • Striped Burrfish (Chilomycterus schoepfii)
  • Spotted Porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix)
  • Striped Killifish (Fundulus majalis)
  • Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)
  • Northern Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin)
  • Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera)
  • Eastern Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis)
  • Atlantic Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus)
  • Atlantic Spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber)
  • Spot Croaker (Leiostomus xanthurus)
  • Feather Blenny (Hypsoblennius hentz)
  • Planehead filefish (Stephanolepis hispida)
  • Skilletfish (Gobiesox strumosus)
  • Striped Blenny (Chasmodes bosquianus)
  • Tautog (Tautoga onitis)
  • Permit (Trachinotus falcatus) (Unsigned)*
  • Tautog (Tautoga onitis) (Unsigned)*
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Notes
*This tank was completely unsigned. This is what I could identifiy. The animals in this tank were younglings. There was a third species of fish that I could not identify, and could not get a good picture of.

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Coming Up Next: Main Bulding - Lower Level.
 
Main Building - Lower Level
The lower level of the building contains additional exhibit galleries; the 2 principal exhibits here both involve the theme of lower light levels. This level also contains the access to the outdoor exhibits as well as access to the lower levels of the 2 greenhouse exhibits (more on that later).

Virginia Underground

This gallery showcases Virginia's geology, from both the past and the present. Displays of gemstones and fossils accompany displays of live animals, including an aquarium that recreates an ancient coral reef, a display of a sinkhole pool, and a cave that visitors travel through.

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This exhibit is pretty interesting; the cave section in particular was very well done and almost reminded me of a smaller scale version of Omaha's Kingdoms of the Night. The non-living displays they had here also really add to the exhibit.

There was an empty and unlabeled terrarium in the cave, it's the last exhibit on the left before you exit out into the Appalachian Cove.
  • Atlantic Damselfish (Chromis limbata) (Unsigned)*
  • Blacksmith Chromis (Chromis punctipinnis) (Unsigned)*
  • Blue-green Chromis (Chromis viridis) (Unsigned)*
  • Doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus) (Unsigned)*
  • Royal Gramma (Gramma loreto) (Unsigned)*
  • Tomato Clownfish (Amphiprion frenatus) (Unsigned)*
  • Unspecified Parrotfish (Tribe Scarini) (Unsigned)*
  • American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus)
  • Eastern Chicken Turtle (Deirochelys reticularia reticularia)
  • Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus)
  • Northern Red Salamander (Pseudotriton ruber ruber)
  • Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis)
  • Eastern Long-tailed Salamander (Eurycea longicauda longicauda)
  • Banded Astyanax (Psalidodon fasciatus) (Signed as Blind Cave Fish, Astyanax fasciatus)
Notes
*The Coral Reef display here was completely unsigned. The species listed here are my best guess. I only saw this number of fish species present. If anyone questions the species on display, please let me know.

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World of Darkness
This gallery gives the VLM a full-fledged nocturnal exhibit, showcasing the animals of Virginia that go bump in the night.

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This is another interesting gallery, with an interesting lineup. The use of saltwater displays in a nocturnal exhibit is quite a unique idea. That having been said, this exhibit probably suffers most from outdated or missing signage, which made it quite a fish to get a species list together.

There is an empty and unlabeled terrarium in this exhibit immediately to the right of the Treefrogs. I assume it was home to an arboreal mammal due to the presence of a sizable transfer chute high up in the corner.

The lack of signage in parts of this exhibit made it hard to organize it, so please kindly point out any errors.
  • Barking Treefrog (Hyla gratiosa)
  • Cope's Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis)
  • Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor)
  • Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea)
  • Atlantic Sergeant Major (Abudefduf saxatilis) (Unsigned)
  • Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) (Unsigned)
  • Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
  • American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)
  • Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
  • American Lobster (Homarus americanus) (Unsigned)
  • Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) (Unsigned)
  • Unspecified Hermit Crab (Paguroidea) (Unsigned)
  • Giant Isopod (Bathynomus giganteus) (Unsigned)
  • Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) (Unsigned)
  • Unspecified Sea Star (Asteroidea) (Unsigned)
  • Unspecified Edible Shrimp (Penaeu)
  • Unspecified Glass Shrimp (Palaemon)
  • Southern Black Widow (Latrodectus mactans)
  • Atlantic Sea Nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha)
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Appalachian Cove Forest
This is one of the 2 greenhouse-style exhibits that adorn the back of the main building. This exhibit depicts the upland forests and streams of Virginia's Appalachian mountains. The exhibit is 2 stories and consists of a ground floor (where most of the animals, including all the fish, are) and a 2nd floor overlook. The ground level is accessed from the Virginia Underground exhibit, while the 2nd floor is accessed from the Piedmont and Mountains gallery.

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This is one of my favorite exhibits in the museum. I love the design and landscaping, and the numerous aquatic habitats and fish that can be found on the bottom level. Tall trees and a cascading waterfall dominate the landscape.

One flaw with this exhibit is that it was clearly designed to also house birds and actually did sometime in the past, but were removed. Per a talk I had with a keeper, the birds did not acclimate well to the exhibit, so they were removed. Evidence of this still exists in the form of a mostly-empty billboard labeled "Mountain Cove Birds" on the 2nd floor. Without birds, some space goes to waste here, although the displays are still impressive nonetheless.

2nd Floor
  • Rough Greensnake (Opheodrys aestivus)
1st Floor
  • Eastern Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis)
  • Eastern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)
  • Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
  • Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)
  • Eastern Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus)
  • European Carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Unsigned)
  • Fantail Darter (Etheostoma flabellare)
  • Golden Shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas)
  • Mountain Redbelly Dace (Chrosomus oreas)
  • Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy)
  • Northern Hog Sucker (Hypentelium nigricans)
  • Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • Roanoke Logperch (Percina rex)
  • Rosyside Dace (Clinostomus funduloides)
Notes
The fish listed above are divided between 2-3 tanks.

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Cypress Swamp
The other greenhouse-style exhibit at the museum is dedicated to depicting the bottomland swamps and forests of Virginia's coastal plain. Like the cove forest exhibit, this 2-story exhibit features various open-air tanks, terrariums, and extensive landscaping.

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Like the cove forest exhibit, the exhibits here and the landscaping are absolutely impressive. And of course, there were turtles here, so that automatically puts it above the cove forest for me. Also like the cove forest, free-flying birds where here at some point in the past, but are no more.

There appears to be an empty and unlabeled open-air exhibit on the 2nd floor overlook, immediately to the right as you exit from the Coastal Plain gallery.

The 2nd floor overlook is accessed from the Coastal Plain gallery, while the 1st floor is accessed from the World of Darkness exhibit.

2nd Floor
  • Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
1st Floor
  • American Giant Water Bug (Lethocerus americanus) (Unsigned)
  • Northern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus)
  • Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
  • American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
  • Banded Sunfish (Enneacanthus obesus)*
  • Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus)
  • Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
  • Bowfin (Amia calva)
  • Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
  • Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
  • Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus osseus)
  • Northern Red-bellied Cooter (Pseudemys rubriventris)
  • Redbreast Sunfish (Lepomis auritus)
  • Warmouth (Lepomis gulosus)
  • Yellow-bellied Slider (Trachemys scripta scripta)
  • Yellow Bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) (Unsigned)
Notes
*This fish was simply signed as Dwarf Sunfish (Enneacanthus), but the picture strongly resembled a native Banded Sunfish.
The first and turtles listed above are mixed and housed between 2 separate tanks.

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Coming Up Next: Misc. exhibits in the main building and then the outdoor trail.
 
Main Building - Miscellaneous Exhibits
Here are a pair of standalone exhibits that don't belong to other galleries.

On the entrance level, there is an indoor honey bee hive that visitors can view. Since these bees are not really contained, as they are free-roaming bees with access to the outside, I am not counting them in the species list.

Entrance level - Touch Tank
All of the species listed here are unsigned and these are best guesses.
  • Atlantic Purple Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus)
  • Longnose Spider Crab (Libinia dubia)
  • Unspecified Hermit Crab (Paguroidea)
  • Unspecified Sea Star (Asteroidea)
Lower Level - Discovery Center
  • Atlantic Spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber)
  • Feather Blenny (Hypsoblennius hentz)
  • Oyster Toadfish (Opsanus tau)
  • Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera)
  • Spot Croaker (Leiostomus xanthurus)
 
Outdoor Trails
The outdoor trails are accessed from the lower level of the main building. The museum hosts nearly a mile of outdoor trails, of which most is elevated boardwalk. The boardwalk takes visitors through a bottomland floodplain forest crisscrossed with creeks and hills. The boardwalk goes through a large aviary and over a large pond that is part of Deer Park.

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The outdoor trail was a very enjoyable part of my trip; the scenery was gorgeous and the exhibits are mostly well designed. The species lineup is pretty solid, covering many of Virginia's most iconic wildlife. Many of the animals displayed outdoors are rescues and rehab animals that cannot be released into the wild.

The only part I was disappointed in was the Coastal Plain aviary. While the structure itself is impressive as is the design, only a handful of birds were present on my visit. Most of the signed birds were nowhere to be seen. I will note this in that section.

The VLM map still has turkeys labeled with the White-tailed Deer, but a keeper confirmed that their last turkeys died last year. There is no signage present for turkeys.
  • Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)
  • Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina)
  • American Beaver (Castor canadensis)
  • Common Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
  • North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis)
  • Red Wolf (Canis rufus)
  • Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) (Off-exhibit)
  • Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) (Not seen)
  • Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) (Not seen)
  • Bobcat (Lynx rufus)
  • White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
  • Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) (Unsigned; in a separate exhibit behind the deer habitat)
  • Groundhog (Marmota monax) (Off-exhibit)
  • Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) (Off-exhibit)
  • Coyote (Canis latrans)
  • Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
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Coastal Plain Aviary

Only a fraction of the listed species were actually present. I will list all signed species, but will note which were not seen. I have been told this exhibit was hit hard by the avian flu, so I believe the unseen species may not even be present in the collection.

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  • Seen
    • Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
    • Canvasback (Aythya valisineria)
    • Double-crested Cormorant (Nannopterum auritum)
    • Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)
  • Unseen, but still Signed
    • American Wigeon (Mareca americana)
    • Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)
    • Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors)
    • Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
    • Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias)
    • Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca)
    • Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)
    • Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea)
    • Northern Pintail (Anas acuta)
    • Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata)
    • Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)
    • Yellow-crowned Night-Heron (Nyctanassa violacea)
Butterfly Garden
This exhibit can be hard to find if you don't know where to look, as it's not even labeled on the map. It is located near the upper entrance to the Mason Education Center/Abbitt Planetarium, amongst a variety of native plant gardens.

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This is a small, but decent butterfly garden. It uses curtains lined with magnets to stay closed, which is pretty neat.

Do note that the signage for some species was hidden in the foliage.
  • American Lady (Vanessa virginiensis)
  • Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes)
  • Cecropia Moth (Hyalophora cecropia)
  • Clouded Sulphur (Colias philodice)
  • Cloudless Sulphur (Phoebis sennae)
  • Common Buckeye (Junonia coenia)
  • Eastern Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes asterius)
  • Eastern Giant Swallowtail (Heraclides cresphontes)
  • Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)
  • Gulf Fritillary (Dione vanillae)
  • Monarch (Danaus plexippus)
  • Orange Sulphur (Colias eurytheme)
  • Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui)
  • Palamedes Swallowtail (Papilio palamedes)
  • Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor)
  • Question Mark (Polygonia interrogationis)
  • Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta)
  • Red-spotted Admiral (Limenitis arthemis)
  • Silver-spotted Skipper (Epargyreus clarus)
  • Small White (Pieris rapae)
  • Spicebush Swallowtail (Papilio troilus)
  • Variegated Fritillary (Euptoieta claudia)
  • Zebra Swallowtail (Eurytides marcellus)
 
Conclusion and Closing Remarks
Before I conclude this review and species list, I want to mention that I missed one species that was unsigned (I could not go back and edit the appropriate post).

Coastal Plain
  • Lookdown (Selene vomer) (Unsigned, go figure).
Here is the final species count and tally.

Total Species - 155 (167 if you count the Coastal Plain Aviary birds that were signed but not present)
  • Fish - 67
  • Insects - 24
  • Reptiles - 20
  • Amphibians - 12
  • Mammals - 11
  • Birds - 8 (20 if you also count the signed-but-unseen species in the Coastal Plain Aviary)
  • Crustaceans - 8
  • Misc. Invertebrates - 3
  • Arachnids - 1
  • Sharks - 1
Overall, the Virginia Living Museum has an impressive lineup of native wildlife. Fish dominate the taxon breakdown thanks to a wide variety of mixed-species tanks found in every gallery in the main building. Insects come out in 2nd despite almost all of them found in an out-of-the-way garden. The amphibian and mammal lineup are also decent. The bird collection is kind of weak considering the 3 principle mixed bird habitats are either sparsely-populated by birds or not at all. A few other inverts here and there round out the collection.

The Virginia Living Museum is a very solid facility and I recommend it to anyone who is interested in Virginia's native wildlife. Even if you are traveling from out of state, it is worth checking out if you have the time and can deal with the traffic shenanigans in the Hampton Roads.

This was one of the harder species lists to put together due to just how sloppy the facility has gotten with signage that is either outdated, incorrect, or just missing. Hopefully I didn't make any egregious errors.

That will conclude my review and species list for the Virginia Living Museum. This appears to be the first species list for this facility posted here, so hopefully, you all found this thread enjoyable and informative. I also hope this new format will work, as I have previously shoved entire lists into a single post and this made it more manageable. If there are any issues with how I conducted this thread, let me know.

Coming Soon: Virginia Zoo Review and Species List - September 2023
 
Thank you for posting this. I volunteered there for two years and moved away after my tenure at college was done, but always wanted to know how the place was holding up.
 
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