Perth Zoo Perth Zoo orangutans

Thanks ZooFan15!

Do you know what females were kept with Horst and which females were kept with Charlie?

Initially the four young founders (Dara, Horst, Indra and Charlie) lived together; but as Horst entered adolescence, he became aggressive towards Charlie and they were separated. I imagine this would have been around the late 1980s.

During the 1990s, one male was kept with the three females (Dara, Indra and Intan) and the infant (Isim); while the other was kept alone. The males changed over every two weeks.

Following Dara's death in 2000 and the arrival of three new females in 2001; the five females (Wanita, Indra, Intan, Melur and Gangsa) and the juvenile (Isim) were again kept with one of the males, while the other was kept separate.

In 2005, the chimpanzee exhibit was renovated for orangutans and Horst, Indra and Intan moved in. They would remain in this exhibit until their export to the USA in 2009.

The other orangutans rotated between two groups. When Madju was born in November 2005; Isim had reached adolescence and was starting to clash with Charlie, so he was separated along with Wanita for company. After conflict between Melur and Gangsa; Gangsa was removed and paired with Isim, while Wanita was returned to Charlie, Melur and Madju's group.

Isim and Gangsa moved into the old chimpanzee exhibit/second orangutan exhibit following the departure of Horst, Indra and Intan in 2009. They lived there until their export to the USA in 2015.
 
Initially the four young founders (Dara, Horst, Indra and Charlie) lived together; but as Horst entered adolescence, he became aggressive towards Charlie and they were separated. I imagine this would have been around the late 1980s.

During the 1990s, one male was kept with the three females (Dara, Indra and Intan) and the infant (Isim); while the other was kept alone. The males changed over every two weeks.

Following Dara's death in 2000 and the arrival of three new females in 2001; the five females (Wanita, Indra, Intan, Melur and Gangsa) and the juvenile (Isim) were again kept with one of the males, while the other was kept separate.

In 2005, the chimpanzee exhibit was renovated for orangutans and Horst, Indra and Intan moved in. They would remain in this exhibit until their export to the USA in 2009.

The other orangutans rotated between two groups. When Madju was born in November 2005; Isim had reached adolescence and was starting to clash with Charlie, so he was separated along with Wanita for company. After conflict between Melur and Gangsa; Gangsa was removed and paired with Isim, while Wanita was returned to Charlie, Melur and Madju's group.

Isim and Gangsa moved into the old chimpanzee exhibit/second orangutan exhibit following the departure of Horst, Indra and Intan in 2009. They lived there until their export to the USA in 2015.

I've never heard of a zoo swapping males before. Do you know why they got two males to start with and why they didn't breed with two of the females from Taronga?
 
I've never heard of a zoo swapping males before. Do you know why they got two males to start with and why they didn't breed with two of the females from Taronga?

The males were swapped every two weeks so neither had to live in isolation. I’m honestly not sure why they started their group with 2.2 juveniles instead of 1.2. Maybe they didn’t realise back then that the males would come into conflict down the line. Infant and juvenile orangutans are highly gregarious so it’s possible Horst’s aggression to Charlie a few years later came as a surprise, as they all lived happily together during the initial years.

One of the females from Taronga (Wanita) was a hybrid and was never intended for breeding. I have my doubts on whether the two Bornean females were intended for breeding as Gangsa was put on contraception from the start and Melur’s second pregnancy (with Madju) was unplanned; I don’t know whether her first pregnancy (in 2002) was planned or not.
 
Wanita was (at Taronga) deemed to be very close to Gangsa. To the point that the Taronga keepers didn't want them to be permanently split up. Hence why she was shipped to Auckland with Melur and Gangsa (despite being hybrid)
 
Wanita was (at Taronga) deemed to be very close to Gangsa. To the point that the Taronga keepers didn't want them to be permanently split up. Hence why she was shipped to Auckland with Melur and Gangsa (despite being hybrid)

That's interesting. The relationship between them definitely soured after they came to Auckland. After the combination of Charlie, Melur/Madju and Gangsa didn't work out (Gangsa attacked Melur); they trialled Isim, Wanita and Gangsa; and Isim and Gangsa both attacked Wanita. The keepers thought Gangsa (who was very close to Charlie) couldn't handle sharing him with the other females and became jealous.

I believe initially the females all got on well as all five females (Indra, Intan, Wanita, Melur and Gangsa) were housed together (with only minor squabbles) until 2005 when Indra and Intan moved into the vacant chimpanzee exhibit.

Wanita did however get on with the juvenile Madju, with whom she enjoyed a play-based relationship. I'm guessing she once had a similar relationship with Gangsa (and possibly Melur), who arrived at Taronga Zoo as juveniles. Either that or Taronga Zoo saw an opportunity to offload a hybrid orangutan that was difficult to house with other orangutans?
 
That's interesting. The relationship between them definitely soured after they came to Auckland. After the combination of Charlie, Melur/Madju and Gangsa didn't work out (Gangsa attacked Melur); they trialled Isim, Wanita and Gangsa; and Isim and Gangsa both attacked Wanita. The keepers thought Gangsa (who was very close to Charlie) couldn't handle sharing him with the other females and became jealous.

I believe initially the females all got on well as all five females (Indra, Intan, Wanita, Melur and Gangsa) were housed together (with only minor squabbles) until 2005 when Indra and Intan moved into the vacant chimpanzee exhibit.

Wanita did however get on with the juvenile Madju, with whom she enjoyed a play-based relationship. I'm guessing she once had a similar relationship with Gangsa (and possibly Melur), who arrived at Taronga Zoo as juveniles. Either that or Taronga Zoo saw an opportunity to offload a hybrid orangutan that was difficult to house with other orangutans?

How did Indra get on with the other females while she was at Auckland Zoo?
 
How did Indra get on with the other females while she was at Auckland Zoo?

Indra and Dara got on well according to The Zoo TV series, where their relationship was portrayed as a friendship. I'm not sure if this was anthropomorphism; but since they both arrived at Auckland Zoo in 1983 as juveniles, it was likely they did get on extremely well (at least initially) as juveniles are very gregarious. Indra was also close to her daughter, Intan. Indra gave birth to her second infant, Isim, when Intan was just five years old; so while Intan would have had to adjust to becoming more independent, she still remained close to Indra and they were housed together into adulthood.

Indra would have been dominant to the adolescent females (Melur and Gangsa) that arrived in 2001. Wanita (an adult female) was a very dominant female, who had a relationship of tolerance and mutual respect with Indra. As the established female, Indra was the dominant female in theory; but in practice Wanita would sometimes displace her. All things considered, the five females initially got on well considering they are not a social species.

As the adolescent females matured, conflicts did arise. I don’t know if this had already started when Indra and Intan moved to the other exhibit in 2005.
 
So between 1979 and 1987 the Sumatran Orang' Puteri (b June 1970) had 3 babies with her own Sire Atjeh (yikes), and also Bintang the Hybrid Orang' had at least one baby in '79 with Atjeh too who also Sired her with Binte the Bornean Orang'.

P.S thanks ZooFan15 for the info and also an article published in '86 about PZ's Orangs I can link to anyone interested (plus a 1990 one).
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It was due to keeping Atjeh in with the breeding females plus their adolescent females. Not sure why it was done in the past, but lack of suitable enclosure space was probably to blame. Would never happen now that all adults (male and female) have their own territories/enclosures. Keeping mixed sex adults together would be done under exceptional circumstances like when Utama (who is the surviving offspring of Puteri/Atjeh) was occasionally housed with Hsing. They got on well and she would have been on the pill.
 
I just found out that Puan and Atjeh's son Puntjak was the sire of SDZ's female Indah. This makes Puan and Atjeh the great-grandparents of Indah's two kids Cinta and Aisha and the great-great-grandparents of Cinta's daughter Ginger. I thought it was cool that Puan and Atjeh have descendants in the US other than Negara and wanted to share. Also, would this make Ginger their only great-great-grandchild?
 
Audio interview (photo is still image) from 2007 with the late great Dr Rosemary Markham in South Perth and her role at Perth Zoo where she began between 1980 and retired between 2009 and 2010. A leading published orangutan academic and expert from Perth Zoo working experience too for 30 years or more (one of her papers published below); she held many positions at the zoo including curator, curator of mammals, records keeper, organised transfers and procuring new individual animals. Earned a PHD on her knowledge of orangutans.

6:00 - early like of animals but didnt know career would be in zoos someday
7:00 - Study and engineering work in London and marriage and daughter
11:44 - Visited zoos in the UK
12:19 - first experiences with Perth Zoo
15:02 - Edinburgh Zoo, Jane Goodall helped zoo curator/director with chimpanzees being grouped
21:04 - mentioned of Tom Spence again and the collection at Perth Zoo under his tenure
21:40 - work at Perth Zoo
22:23 - thoughts on London Zoo
27:36 - Perth Zoo again
30:47 - Honours work at Perth Zoo and Bornean orangutans, Sumatran orangutans and hybrids orangutans born there
32:10 - 26 orangutan births at the zoo in 2007 since 1970
33:40 - Perth Zoo's orangutan husbandry stategies
33:47 - The exhibits complex built for the zoo's orangutans completed in 1981
37:50 - How the orangutans days and nights are/were routined at the zoo, including how they are/were housed in the exhibits, breeding organising routines too
39:30 - The sometimes horrible natures of younger male orangs'
40:06 - The founder orangutans of the zoo's colony, and some of those many born at the zoo including mention of Puteri, and more keeping/husbandry strategies based on their natures, and more general knowledge on orangutans
48:00 - Alistair the zoo's long-term lion (1986-2007) born at the zoo and lived there his whole life, and bringing in his companions Mafuta & Manzi from Melbourne in 1994


Of course the zoo's orangutans are the main discussion, with Dr Markham's longterm work with them, there a few other animals like noisy chimp pair Jaimie & Lollipop, 8-9 gibbon species at zoo during Dr Tom Spence's '67-'84 directorship years and at the end Alistair the noble but unwell and inbred lion who exceeded all personal longevity expectations, also a mention of Dr Markham being impressed by the Tahr exhibit when she first saw the zoo in 1978.


Interesting mention about 10-20 minutes into interview about Jane Goodall's suggestion to Edinburgh Zoo to merge their chimpanzees into a troop and the backlash they got from the local council until Jane sent the zoo's director a reel of their natural behaviour to show the conservative councilmen; Dr Markham's personal opinions on London Zoo being a bit slow to change and do anything that new or exciting, though she stately to be fair heritage protection blocks the amount of change, and how the 1.1 cheetahs Duma & Puss Puss, who arrived at Perth Zoo in 1967 were personal pets of new director Dr Tom Spence the Scottish (like Dr Rosemary by birth) veterninarian of Edinburgh Zoo who walked those two cheetahs down the high streets of Edinburgh when they still lived there.

- will unscramble this ramble tomorrow, just wanted to sumamrise as much content from the interview as possible as soon as posted, but it is a scramble so will make more cohesive tomorrow.

***just a warning: in the last quarter of the interview she discusses the sometimes forceful breeding nature of the male orangutans (especially young unflanged males - less desirable mating partners biologically apparently, unfortuately but as a result they can be very..forceful sometime, dont need to say more) sometimes use on females as part of how orangutan conceptions occure both in captivity at times, and in the wild moreso. Theres also a mention of noticing different Christian denominations when she worked in southern England to how she was raised in Glasgow (Church of Scotland). I only trimmed 4 minutes out of 57 minutes, from the original interview with John Bannister: that is more elaboration on her technical work as an engineer in her early career (interesting but), a(n understandeable) tangent on noticing rifts between Christian denominations when she lived in southern England for work, and her very cool sounding daughter (a '(big and small wild) cat whisperer' as one of her talents she shared her knowledge of with her Mum) who sadly had a torrid time from male-peers bullying in teritiary studies due to sexism back then, and a (non-racist from her point of view: she was a good soul in regards to that awfulness like way all are today thank god - couldnt understand it, but talks about how she was naturally upset by racist prejuice against in that era) mention of African-British and African-Carribean-British workers she got to know and befiend working in engineering near the Thames docks in London. The extra 4 minutes of interview I trimmed can be heard on the full interview source I posted in description of video. Personally was interested in all those parts of her story but thought maybe try to trim it a bit to keep it heading for the massive chapters of her lifes work at Perth Zoo a tad faster.

Dr Rosemary Markham sadly passed away a few years ago, back in the UK. She was a remarkable person and everything I have ever heard about her (besides appreciating hearing her in her own words) is how liked, appreciated and respected she was by those who knew her (Perth Zoo's animals included). I hope by sharing this am being respectful to her memory. Felt very strongly her story should be shared and heard by more people if possible. Rest in peace Dr Markham.

full 57 minute audio interview here: Result | City of South Perth Libraries[/USER]
 

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Audio interview (photo is still image) from 2007 with the late great Dr Rosemary Markham in South Perth and her role at Perth Zoo where she began between 1978 and 1980, and retired between 2009 and 2010. A leading published orangutan expert (two of her papers published below); she held many positions at the zoo including curator, curator of mammals, records keeper, organised transfers and procuring new individual animals. Earned a PHD on her knowledge of orangutans.



27:36 minutes in - really gets into Perth Zoo discussion - orangutan focus is main subject for most of. (There are some previous mentions of Perth Zoo peppered in the interview before and a few other animals like noisy chimp pair Jaimie & Lollipop, 8-9 gibbon species at zoo during Dr Tom Spence's '67-'84 directorship years and at the end Alistair the noble but unwell and inbred lion who exceeded all personal longevity expectations, also a mention of Dr Markham being impressed by the Tahr exhibit when she arrived but understandeably she cant remember the species specific name, as she also cant remember Bobby the hybrid orangutans name, fair enough she had a long career and was in her mid '60s when gave this interview.


Interesting mention about 10-20 minutes into interview about Jane Goodall's suggestion to Edinburgh Zoo to merge their chimpanzees into a troop and the backlash they got from the local council until Jane sent the zoo's director a reel of their natural behaviour to show the conservative councilmen; Dr Markham's personal opinions on London Zoo being a bit slow to change and do anything that new or exciting, though she stately to be fair heritage protection blocks the amount of change, and how the two Cheetahs who arrived at Perth Zoo in 1967 were personal pets of new director Dr Tom Spence the Scottish (like Dr Rosemary by birth) veterninarian of Edinburgh Zoo who walked his two Cheetahs down the high streets of Edinburgh when they still lived there, her family had a history of going wildlife spotting and interacting with farm animals and nursing some native wildlife in her formative years too). -

- will unscramble this ramble tomorrow, just wanted to sumamrise as much content from the interview as possible as soon as posted, but it is a scramble so will make more cohesive tomorrow.

Thanks for sharing @steveroberts.

It was interesting to hear her theory that Bornean orangutans are more aggressive than Sumatran orangutans, which appears to have been based solely on six infants being killed at birth by male Bornean orangutans across British zoos.

I’d consider Bornean orangutans more amenable based on the following:

From 2001-2005, Auckland Zoo had four adult female Bornean orangutans (and one hybrid) cohabit without serious conflict; along with an adolescent male Bornean and two adult males rotating access to this group.

Both of Auckland’s founder Bornean males, Horst and Charlie, cohabited with all infants born during their time at the zoo. Mothers were separated from the colony prior to the birth, with fatal attacks on newborns reported at other zoos (including Perth).

Auckland Zoo’s current Bornean females have a positive relationship (with each other and the adult male and juvenile male they cohabit with).

Compare the above with Perth’s colony, where the adults are typically housed alone, with aggression necessitating even splits of mothers and daughters (Puspa and Sekara for example). A number of the females have demonstrated strong territorially and none of the adult males have cohabited with their offspring. The small exhibit sizes no doubt contribute to this trend, but Karta had a range of social issues; and Adelaide’s current 1.1 pair are unable to share the exhibit.
 

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[/USER].

It was interesting to hear her theory that Bornean orangutans are more aggressive than Sumatran orangutans, which appears to have been based solely on six infants being killed at birth by male Bornean orangutans across British zoos.

I wonder if she took in to account the fact that historically there seem to have been far more Bornean Orangutans in the UK than Sumatran- that trend is even more so these days with only two zoos(Chester & Jersey) with breeding groups of Sumatran (plus a young pair at Monkeyworld). So that could have skewed her findings. Despite this awareness, young still occassionally get killed/harmed by males being (accidentally) present or being allowed access at, or too soon after, the birth. There have been two such incidents in recent years in the UK though naturally they are not publicised.

You have probably heard this before, but this difference has also been cited in the past by other authors, that Bornean males are more likely to be aggressive and harm/kill infants than Sumatrans. In fact I think such notification or warning may be written into the EEP management guidelines for the species. One reason/theory given for that is that males in Borneo with an absense of predators like tigers have no defensive role to play whereas Sumatran males are considered to have more of a 'protective' familial link with females and young. That is the idea anyway.
 
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It was Dinar the male orangutangs birthday today at perth zoo..... I did not know he only had one eye until they're social media post today. (I just thought he was always winking)

This issue with Dinar’s eye appears to have begun in 2021, as this video from 2020 shows Dinar with normal eyes:

15K views · 1K reactions | Dinar, the Sumatran Orangutan, enjoys food enrichment | Perth Zoo | Forget Becky with the good hair, Dinar is our mane man | By Perth Zoo | Facebook

Then in 2021, he was taken to see an ophthalmologist to investigate inflammation of his right eye and discolouration of the lens (with today’s post noting the eye was removed due to an infection):

16K views · 390 reactions | Orangutan get police escort to vet appointment | This big guy scored police escort from his South Perth home to a specialist vet centre in Baywater for a head CT and eye appointment last week. Perth... | By ABC Perth | Facebook
 
Audio interview (photo is still image) from 2007 with the late great Dr Rosemary Markham in South Perth and her role at Perth Zoo where she began between 1980 and retired between 2009 and 2010. A leading published orangutan academic and expert from Perth Zoo working experience too for 30 years or more (one of her papers published below); she held many positions at the zoo including curator, curator of mammals, records keeper, organised transfers and procuring new individual animals. Earned a PHD on her knowledge of orangutans.
....: Result | City of South Perth Libraries[/USER]


This is part two (its audio again) where the late great Dr Rosemary Markham walks John Bannister through the Sumatran orangutan exhibit complex at Perth Zoo (in late 2007 or 2008) and discusses some of the individuals, their walk includes going past the lower gibbon 'aviary' - I *believe she greets the late Viann and the late Philip the northern white-cheeked gibbons (Phillip was one of longest lived residents of the zoo, almost half a century he lived at PZ - has been mentioned here on ZC before). Dr Rosemary Markham and John Bannister's walk-and-talk includes going to where (at the time) Permai & the late Tricia still lived in their yard home (well yard still there, they are not) and Dr Markham talks to Mr Bannister about where the old great apes cages (orangutans & chimpanzees) once stood and the historic (now demolished with the row) old dome enclosure stood at the end of the row (Atjeh's home for a long time).

Dr Rosemary Markham talking about changes to the Perth Zoo - City of South Perth Libraries (59 minutes & 13 seconds length audio).


*last listened to it few years back (going to again in next few days, but thats why wrote 'believe' Dr Markham greets Viann & Phillip the gibbons rather than stating she does greet him, though almost one-hundred percent sure she does).

Big thanks again to City of South Perth Library for uploading the audio to their online resources.
 
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That is interesting as Hsing Hsing, a previous breeding male at Perth Zoo, also lost an eye due to health complications.

That’s interesting, I didn’t know that - only that he had diabetes. Dinar’s breeding career has been somewhat short (three sons born 2005, 2007 and 2011) compared to the founder Atjeh; and even Hsing Hsing, who sired five surviving offspring between 1990 and 2012.

There’s been talk of Kluet (more genetically valuable than Dinar) transferring in as breeding male; so potentially Dinar will be retired, though he’s a match for all four of Perth’s reproductive aged females:

0.1 Sekara (20/07/1990) Hsing Hsing x Puspa
0.1 Pulang (21/12/1993) Atjeh x Puan
0.1 Teliti (20/10/2009) Hsing Hsing x Puteri
0.1 Lestari (09/01/2012) Hsing Hsing x Pulang
 
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