Analysis of European and North American zoos:
One thing about being in Europe is that I felt safer walking the streets, being inside zoos and experiencing the world on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. There are more cameras but far less police cars on the highways, which tends to actually make someone feel more secure. It’s funny how that works. When I spent 3 months in Trinidad & Tobago, teaching high school in late 2008, the University of the West Indies had barbed wire around the entire perimeter fence as the year that I was in the Caribbean there were more than 550 murders just in Trinidad. The violence was shocking, because with a population of only 1.5 million, Trinidad that year was one of the 10 most dangerous nations on the planet. However, not a single act of violence occurred on the campus for the whole year, with many people questioning the use of barbed wire on all the fences because the country’s homicides were almost all related to the drug trade. Does having a visible barrier or a police presence on the streets make one feel safer or less secure? I prefer the European approach, with no barbed wire, no police hardly anywhere, no borders between the western nations and a feeling of safety all-around. When I consider the extreme gun violence in the United States, along with memories from dodgy motels where I could hear people screaming at each other in parking lots, then I smile at my European adventures with nights at quiet motels and days mingling with well-behaved zoo patrons.
In this long analysis, I must point out that all of these views are only from a single person, namely myself, and taken from a snapshot of a summer visit to Europe. I might have different views when you read ‘Snowleopard’s 2034 Road Trip: Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia & Macedonia’ (no offense to those nations, but they simply have fewer top-quality zoos). However, including Zurich Zoo and Wildpark Langenberg, I’ve now visited exactly 97 European zoos, and around 400 in North America, (plus a whole whack in Australia), and I’ve written reviews and posted them on ZooChat for the vast majority of my overall total of 516 zoos all-time. I’m an experienced zoo nerd.
My gut feeling is that, taken as a whole, European zoos are better than North American zoos. That’s a sweeping statement, and my top two zoos are both in the USA (San Diego and Omaha), but #3 and #4 (Berlin and Pairi Daiza) are terrific and after those zoos there are plenty more great ones on both continents. In some ways North American zoos are better, while Europe edges things in other categories, but a major reason for Europe to be #1 is that there isn’t the long list of crap, roadside zoos that are still far too common in America. I have been to loads of small German, Dutch and Belgian zoos that are so obscure that more than a dozen of them have zero photos on ZooChat, and every single one of those tiny, relatively unknown zoos, are better than a lot of the zoological detritus that I’ve waded through in America. Lots of cheap, poorly-run American zoos have corn-crib cages and check out these photos in case you don’t know what those enclosures look like.
Corn-crib cages:
corn-crib cages - Google Search
Many American zoos, in fact far too many to list, have corn-crib cages with large animals in these god-awful environments. I’ve seen eagles and hawks in these things, lots of different primates, many small mammals such as Raccoons and Coatis, etc. I’ve been to some zoos that have more than a dozen corn-crib cages all around the grounds, with cement floors, a few old branches, and not much else. I’ve seen American Badgers in these things with nowhere to dig, even tigers using them as some kind of junky shelter, etc. The worst zoos that I saw in Europe are far superior to the worst zoos that I’ve had the misfortune to tour in America.
I’m actually going to be bold and list some establishments right here and now. Places like Alligator Alley, Animal Gardens Petting Zoo, Bear Den Zoo, Glacier Ridge Animal Farm, Jo-Don Farms and Special Memories Zoo (all 6 located in the state of Wisconsin) are small, privately-run zoos that have some truly horrendous exhibits. Bayou Wildlife Park, Franklin Drive-Thru Safari, Sharkarosa Wildlife Ranch and East Texas Gators & Wildlife Park (all 4 located in the state of Texas) are equally terrible, making one question how U.S. authorities could possibly grant a zoo license to these facilities. Sierra Safari Zoo in Nevada is atrocious, Arbuckle Wilderness Park in Oklahoma is nasty, and Wild Wilderness Drive-Through Safari in Arkansas has loads of baboons in tiny, chain-link cages and even a Chimpanzee in a sterile cage with nothing much but a tire or two hanging from the bars. That makes 13 American zoos that should all be either dramatically overhauled or shut down. The worst zoos that I’ve seen out of 97 in Europe would be De Paay in the Netherlands and Harry Malter Familiepark in Belgium, but the other 95 European zoos that I’ve toured are all better than the 13 American zoos listed in this paragraph. The U.S. has far too many roadside collections still in existence, with some of those zoos having remained stagnant for decades. At one point in my 2015 trip through many southern U.S. states (Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, etc.), I had literally looked at 400 tigers, with tiny chain-link cages housing big cats the norm in some U.S. states. Even a totally obscure zoo that I visited in 2017 (Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary in California), had 25 exotic cats, of 6 species, in junky, chain-link cages, plus species such as Black Mamba, East African Green Mamba, Gaboon Viper, King Cobra, Red Spitting Cobra, Indochinese Spitting Cobra, Cape Cobra, Spectacled Cobra, Puff Adder and at least 10 species of rattlesnake. This is all in a place that has the word ‘sanctuary’ in its title, but one could make the argument that it’s also a roadside zoo and one of the worst places I ever toured in California. Tigers and Lions in tiny, chain-link cages in what appears to be someone’s backyard is something I’ve seen a dozen times in the USA, but is there anywhere like that in Europe?
Essentially, my main point thus far is that the European zoo scene is North America’s equal in terms of great, world-class zoos, and yet Europe doesn’t have the plethora of roadside zoos that exist in the United States. Of course, I have not been to some of the Eastern European countries that might have disappointing zoological gardens, but I do know that there is certainly not the swathe of zoos that the U.S. has that are pure garbage, with many animals in corn-crib cages and in terrible environments with next to no enrichment opportunities given to them.
I’ll now touch on many other points, some of which I’ve discussed earlier in this thread.
- North American zoos have bigger elephant exhibits. There are exceptions to the rule, like with all of these comments, but in general there is more space given over to elephants. Woodland Park Zoo used to have many protestors because the old elephant exhibit, now given over to a couple of young male Greater One-horned Rhinos, was 1.5 acres/0.6 hectares in size including the barn. Other zoos with elephant exhibits that are 2 acres/0.8 hectares in size have been criticized for their size, with many spacious, multi-acre elephant habitats in North American zoos. Folks were therefore protesting elephant exhibits that would be an above-average size in many European zoos. On the flip side, European zoos have some truly impressive elephant houses that hopefully work well in the cold winter months.
- European zoos have some superb bird of prey aviaries, with even mid-sized zoos having tremendous collections of eagles, hawks, owls and vultures. In some cases (Berlin Tierpark, Munster, Nordhorn) a vulture aviary is one of the highlights of the entire zoo…and this is coming from someone who has repeatedly admitted to not being a huge fan of birds. I was almost bowled over by some of the outstanding aviaries in Europe, including that phenomenal penguin/flamingo one at Planckendael.
- North American zoos have far superior underwater viewing areas, with expensive, top-quality filtration systems that make the water crystal-clear through the acrylic windows. I found that many underwater viewing areas in European zoos were basically a waste of time in the summer, with green pools choked with algae. Having a Polar Bear at Ouwehands dive into the water was useless because I literally saw nothing but a wall of green. Also, North American zoos generally have pinniped exhibits with terrific underwater viewing areas and textured rock-work surroundings.
- European zoos have better behaved visitors. Period. There is not nearly the amount of yelling at the animals, tapping on windows, etc., that is so prevalent in North American zoos. Therefore, European zoos can have plenty of walk-through exhibits without the fear of some gun-toting, gong show American firing a few rounds at a monkey.
- North American zoos are cheaper. Ticket prices are probably fairly similar overall, considering currency exchange rates. However, while most big-city zoos charge for parking on both continents, there are far more parking fees in Europe and a little thing like that adds up to hundreds of dollars on a month-long journey. Not only the parking but having only paid for perhaps two zoo maps at 400+ zoos, I was paying
multiple times per day for zoo maps while in Europe. So now I was dealing with extra payments for parking, zoo maps, ketchup packages, etc, and that all added up to a considerable additional expense that initially caught me off-guard.
- European zoos have many guidebooks and I ended up buying at least a dozen brand-new guidebooks. I’ve gone on extensive American zoo trips (65 zoos in 2014, 81 zoos in 2015) and come home with maybe a solitary guidebook. European zoos embrace the written word far more than their North American counterparts and that is fantastic for a collector of zoo memorabilia.
- North American zoos don’t have packs of dogs in them. This really only applies to German zoos, but in a place like Duisburg (to cite just one example) there were probably more dogs than exotic mammals in that zoo and I’m not even exaggerating. Some folks like that idea, but when a zoo already has close to a million visitors per year then adding dogs into the equation amps up the congestion to a whole other level.
- European zoos have a rich history and some sparkling architectural monuments, statues and animal houses. There are zoos in the U.S. that are 120 years old (Woodland Park in Seattle), or 131 years old (Dallas Zoo) and there is literally
nothing notable about the architecture at those facilities. European zoos preserve their history, erecting signs about certain buildings, while the North American approach is to demolish and move on.
- North American zoos have either small, designated smoking areas, or in the vast majority of cases are completely, 100% smoke-free environments. When I was at Boudewijn Seapark in Belgium there were hordes of smokers all walking around puffing away near children’s playgrounds, the water-slide area, the restaurant, etc. Insanity!
- European zoos, for the most part, show exhibits behind-the-scenes and unveil the curtain in a dramatic fashion. I can remember walking into the Saint Louis Zoo Antelope House and being amazed at looking at the ungulate stalls. In Europe, I strolled into Elephant Houses, Rhino Houses, Hippo Houses, Antelope Houses, Great Ape Houses, Monkey Houses, Carnivore Houses and Bird Houses and I saw the inner workings and holding quarters of hundreds of animals.
- North American zoos have drinking fountains all over their grounds, with free, clean, water that can be used for drinking immediately, or many zoos even have the water bottle dispensers so that a spout distributes free, clean water into a container at no charge. In European zoos, drinking fountains are basically non-existent and you either bring drinks from home (because some of the hand-washing taps in washrooms have non-potable water) or you pay a lot of money for tiny servings of drinks at the zoo.
- European zoos have proper restaurants, with actual cutlery and plates rather than cheap plastic and paper plates and cutlery as is found in North American zoos. There is a better overall eating environment in Europe, with higher quality food and a more formal atmosphere. At times that was a bit annoying, as I just wanted to grab a burger and fries on the run, but in Europe it is customary for many zoo visitors to sit down and have a proper meal. Who cares if a whole zoo is seen in a day…tummies are grumbling for food!
- North American zoos have more extensive reptile collections, with far more venomous snakes even at mid-sized zoos. However, I think that many of the vivariums in Europe were larger and of a higher quality for the inhabitants. Smaller collections, but an increased level of husbandry.
- European zoos often have aquariums inside the grounds, an extremely rare feature of North American zoos. In fact, discounting stand-alone, separate public aquariums, I’ve only visited about a dozen zoos in all of North America that have an actual Aquarium on zoo grounds. Contrast that with my recent European trek, as all of these zoos either have full Aquariums or at the very least an aquarium ‘wing’ in a building: Berlin Zoo, Hagenbeck, Ouwehands, Blijdorp, Artis, Antwerp, Pairi Daiza, Frankfurt, Kolner, Wuppertal, Osnabruck, Munster, Duisburg and Burgers’ Zoo. In my whole lifetime I had visited approximately 12 zoos with full aquariums on the grounds, and now in the space of a month I visited at least 14 zoos with aquariums. Wow. The flip side is that it is extraordinary that zoo-rich nations such as Germany or the Netherlands lack a Shedd, Monterey Bay, Georgia, Baltimore or Tennessee, the ‘big five’ out of the approximately 160 public aquariums in the USA. Maybe there are so many aquariums inside zoos that there is no need for a huge stand-alone aquatic facility? On a side note, would the ‘big five’ aquariums in Europe be Valencia, Lisbon, Genoa, Blue Planet in Copenhagen and Nausicaa in the north of France? Has anyone on ZooChat visited all 5? Are there others to consider?
- European zoos dominate their North American brethren in terms of walk-through exhibits. Out of close to 1,000 zoos in North America, there is a walk-through Squirrel Monkey enclosure at Phoenix Zoo, a lemur thing at Calgary Zoo and another lemur one in Omaha. I’ve been to all of those facilities more than once, but I’m struggling to think of a single other walk-through exhibit anywhere on the continent where primates can access the visitor pathway. Even the totally obscure zoo known as Affen + Vogelpark Eckenhagen (Monkey + Bird Park) in Germany had several walk-through primate exhibits. I was inside enclosures with various penguin species on the trip, but also Squirrel Monkeys, many tamarins and marmosets, White-faced Sakis, Red Howler Monkeys, several Barbary Macaque walk-through zones, Colobus at Munster Zoo, Wisent and Przewalski’s Horses at Naturrpark Lelystad, Harbour Seals, loads of vultures and even a Bateleur Eagle a few feet from my face at Berlin Zoo. The list could be endless and it’s all amazing to witness for the first time.
Thoughts on any of that???