Rarity of Different Species Across Countries/Continents

RatioTile

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I've come to realize that in different parts of the world, some species or subspecies ubiquitous or prevalent in zoos would be considered rare or absent in other parts of the world. A lot of it comes down to coordination between the AZA and EAZA's species survival plans, if the species are native to the country or continent, and history of imports. What are some examples?

One example I can think of is red pandas. Europe only keeps Himalayan red pandas (Ailurus fulgens), Japan keeps almost exclusively Styan's red pandas (Ailurus styani), and North America has both species but Himalayan is the more common of the two.
 
Barbary Apes are superabundant in European zoos, while they are nearly inexistent in America.
All the other Macaque species (except the Japanese) are more or less present in European and Asian collections, while absent in America.

Matschie's Tree Kangaroos are kept in several American zoos, while functionnally disappeared (at least ...) in Europe.

African Forest Elephants are nowadays kept only in a handful of zoos in Africa... and Japan.

There aren't Pronghorns out of North America, nor Saigas out of the former USSR states now.
 
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There are a great many North American specialties not found outside of that continent, like California condor, red wolf, black-footed ferret, Mexican grey wolf, coyote, just off the top of my head. I'm sure there's a similar number of Eurasian taxa not found in North American zoos, for practical, political, or other reasons.
 
South Africa has many species that are common/uncommon in captivity that simply aren't present or extremely rare in other parts of the world.

1. Southern Reedbuck: This species is extremely abundant in the private trade, and are extremely easy to see by visiting a number of publicly visitable game ranches, other than that they are also on display at the Joburg Zoo.
The only other location in the world where you can see captive Southern Reedbuck is the Sharjah Safari Park in the UAE, which imported them from South Africa in 2017.

2. Cape Bushbuck: Not only is this species extremely common on game ranches but also terribly easy to see in the wild, With similar care requirements to the captively abundant Nyala, I can think of only one reason why they are so rare outside of Africa, being their aggression.
In South Africa, you can see Cape Bushbuck at Joburg Zoo, Warmbad Zoo, and the World of Birds Wildlife Sanctuary.

3. Common Grey Duiker: One of the largest duiker species, yet it was never established well in captivity outside of Africa, with simple easy welfare requirements, I don't see any reason for their underrepresentation other than their rather "boring" appearance.
Common grey Duiker can be seen in 8 South African collections.
Outside of Africa, only Sharjah Safari Park keeps them, imported alongside the Southern Reedbuck in 2017.

4. Bushpig: Considered a pest in South Africa, they are surprisingly uncommon in captivity here as well, with only 3 collections currently keeping them, and not present in the private trade, the European wild boar is far more sought after than their African counterpart.
Currently, only 1 collection keeps them, Warmbad Zoo.

5. Cape Grysbok: One of my favorite South African endemics, and sadly not all too common in the country, with no major zoos keeping them.
Exotic Animal World and Monkey town are the only public holders, they are present in the private trade as well.

6. Suni: Suni's only recently died out in American zoos, and are also not the most common species in South Africa, they are around in the private trade and were formerly kept at Johannesburg Zoo. Nowadays, only the Bothongo Lion and Rhino Park keep Suni.

7. Tsessebe: A species that has never been widely present in South Africa, both wild and captive. In recent years they have been introduced to many Private Reserves in the north of the country. To view them in a more captive environment, they are kept at Emerald Animal World and the National Zoo's satellite facility in Potgietersrus.

8. Aardwolf: Infamously hard to care for in captivity, In South Africa, they have shown rather good success surviving in a confined environment, and even bred at the National Zoo (which no longer keeps them)
Aardwolves are present in the private trade and are viewable publicly at Mystic Monkeys Wildlife Park and Bothongo Lion and Rhino Park.

9. Brown Hyena: With only two collections in Europe and a couple in Mexico, brown hyenas are by no means common in captivity, but in South Africa, they are rather abundant.
Publicly you can see Brown Hyenas at Eventieria Wildlife Park, Bothongo Lion and Rhino Park, Ann van Dyk Wildlife Cente, and Akwaaba Predator Park.

10. Purple-faced Langur: The purple-faced langurs in South Africa all originate from Stock imported from Europe in 2010 by Induna Primate and Parrot Park (A very private facility, not visitable by the public).
Eventieria Wildlife Park keeps a single female individual.
 

ZTL lists three French zoos with them, but I've heard there is lack of interest in growing a captive population in Europe.

I'm sure there's a similar number of Eurasian taxa not found in North American zoos, for practical, political, or other reasons

Generally the AZA and EAZA have chosen to focus on their own natives, and thus most of the common species are absent from the opposite side of the Atlantic.

8. Aardwolf: Infamously hard to care for in captivity, In South Africa, they have shown rather good success surviving in a confined environment, and even bred at the National Zoo (which no longer keeps them)

Cincinnati still has two, and there's one left in Europe and a Russian zoo has one/some. I thought Europe had a couple more but perhaps not.
 
Egyptian, Bearded and Griffon Vultures are common to ubiquitous in European collections, while they are extremely rare, if not absent, in the Americas and Australia. [I guess it's possible to see them in Asian and African zoos]
I can say the same for European Otters, Eurasian Red Deer, Chamois, Alpine Ibex, Eurasian Wildcat, Eurasian Badger, Mediterranean Mouflon... out of Europe.

Conversely it's really rare to see true Grizzlies, Kodiak Bears, American Badgers, Bighorns... in Europe.

True Bengal Tigers are absent out of South Asian zoos.
 
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New Egyptian, Bearded and Griffon Vultures are common to ubiquitous in European collections, while they are extremely rare, if not absent, in the Americas

We have all three, though you're correct on the latter two being extremely rare.
 
10. Purple-faced Langur: The purple-faced langurs in South Africa all originate from Stock imported from Europe in 2010 by Induna Primate and Parrot Park (A very private facility, not visitable by the public).
Eventieria Wildlife Park keeps a single female individual.


2011, as a matter of fact :)
 
It's a very nice species - I was rather annoyed when both of the groups in the UK (nominate at Edinburgh and nestor at Cotswold Wildlife Park) were sent away in fairly short order. One individual from the CWP group remained at the collection, but died relatively young a few years later.
 
Instead the Griffon Vulture is the most common vulture species in European zoos and falconries.

Similarly our most common is the widespread Turkey Vulture, though I think Europe has a fair few of those. I suspect our lack of Eurasian Griffon is due to prioritizing space for the much more endangered African Gyps species. Particularly since the species is so common in captivity in Europe.
 
Looking from a Dutch perspective, I do believe the Netherlands actually boasts quite a impressive collection of squirrels. With a vast majority of them being considered a rarity on a European scale.

The following squirrel species are present in Dutch public collections based on ZooTierListe, whether or not they are present or not I don't know, I simply base this on ZTL. For the sake of only listing public facilities the ''zoo'' kleindierpark bellingwolde is ignored. This is because this is at present still a private facility. Similarly Aeres MBO Barneveld is ignored as it is a school institution which does not open to public besides a few days a year. I will still count them for the Europe total score and will abbreviate the zoos as KDP and AMB for the mentions.
I will only look at zoos within EU mainland & UK, zoos from Russia, UAE, New Zealand etc. on ZTL are ignored.

  1. Red-flanked variegated squirrel - Sciurus variegatoides atrirufus
    • Currently kept at 5 public facilities. There are 9 holders within Europe.
  2. Costa Rica variegated squirrel - Sciurus variegatoides dorsalis
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility. There are 4 holders within Europe.
  3. Siberian red squirrel - Sciurus vulgaris exalbidus
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility (2 on ZTL incl. KDP). There are 6 holders within the EU.
  4. Yucatan squirrel - Sciurus yucatanensis
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility. There are 3 holders within Europe.
  5. Hoffmann's red-tailed squirrel* - Sciurus granatensis hoffmanni
    • Currently kept at 2 public facilities. There are 2 holders within Europe. The Netherlands is the sole holder for this (sub)species.
  6. Japanese squirrel - Sciurus lis
    • Currently kept at 5 public facilities. There are 10 holders within Europe.
  7. American red squirrel - Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
    • Currently kept at 11 public facilities. There are 43 holders within Europe. Meaning the Netherlands makes up a 1/4th of the holders!
  8. Red and white giant flying squirrel - Petaurista alborufus castaneus
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility. There are 3 holders within Europe.
  9. Prevost's squirrel - Callosciurus prevostii
    • Currently kept at 6 public facilities. There are 43 holders within Europe.
  10. Mallaca prevost's squirrel - Callosciurus prevostii prevostii
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility (2 on ZTL incl. KDP). There are 4 holders within Europe.
  11. Sumatran prevost's squirrel - Callosciurus prevostii rafflesi
    • Currently kept at 2 public facilities (3 on ZTL incl. KDP). There are 29 holders within Europe.
  12. Pallas' squirrel - Callosciurus erythraeus
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility. There are 10 holders within Europe.
  13. Pegu red squirrel* - Callosciurus finlaysonii ferrugineus
    • Currently kept at 4 public facilities (5 on ZTL incl. KDP). There are 5 holders within Europe. The Netherlands is the sole holder for this subspecies. C. finlaysonii is kept at 2 other facilities within Europe.
  14. Perny's long-nosed squirrel* - Dremomys pernyi
    • Currently kept at 2 public facilities (3 on ZTL incl. KDP). There are 3 holders within Europe. There Netherlands is the sole holder for this species.
  15. Swinhoe's striped squirrel - Tamiops swinhoei
    • Currently kept at 9 public facilities (11 on ZTL incl. KDP & AMB). There are 85 holders within Europe.
  16. Cape ground squirrel - Geosciurus inauris
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility. There are 19 holders within Europe.
  17. Alpine marmot - Marmota marmota marmota
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility. There are 65 holders within Europe.
  18. Black-tailed prairie-dog - Cynomys ludovicianus
    • Currently kept at 18 public facilities. There are 187 holders within Europe.
  19. Eastern chipmunk - Tamias striatus
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility. There are 10 holders within Europe.
  20. Pére Davids rock squirrel - Sciurotamias davidianus
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility (2 on ZTL incl. KDP). There are 10 holdes within Europe.
  21. Richardon's ground squirrel - Urocitellus richardsonii
    • Currently kept at 1 public facility (2 on ZTL incl. KDP). There are 8 holders within Europe.
  22. Siberian chipmunk - Tamias sibiricus
    • Currently kept at 2/3 public facilities. There are 63 holders within Europe.
Formerly kept species;
  • Common rock squirrel - Otospermophilus variegatus
    - Kept at Burgers' Zoo till 2020, also kept in recent years at Etten-leur the Eekhoorn Experience and Vogelpark Ruinen. Currently kept in 1 facility in Europe.
This concludes with the Netherlands keeping 3 kinds of squirrel as sole-holder within Europe. I suspect the high presence of argueably rare squirrels is partially due to the country having a squirrel dedicated zoo; De eekhoorn experience Etten-leur. As well as their presence within the private trade. However with the future laws regarding exotic pets I suspect we will likely see a decline in squirrels kept within the Netherland (private trade).
 
Similarly our most common is the widespread Turkey Vulture, though I think Europe has a fair few of those. I suspect our lack of Eurasian Griffon is due to prioritizing space for the much more endangered African Gyps species. Particularly since the species is so common in captivity in Europe.
All the New World vultures are widespread in European zoos, except the Californian Condor (I'm not sure if we really need an European program for them, even if a few surplus birds, from over-represented lineages, should be imported from America, as a curiosity).
We have also good numbers of nearly all the African species.
Only the South Asian vulture species are really lacking, while their conservation needs a strong support (that could be also funding or technical support of in situ or ex situ programs in Asia, not necessarily the import of many breeding pairs in European facilities).
 
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except the Californian Condor (I'm not sure if we really need an European program for them, even if a few surplus birds, from over-represented lineages, should be imported from America, as a curiosity).

I wouldn't expect any to be exported, not even US zoos away the western states have any. The focus is more on breeding and wild release than zoo display.

Only the South Asian vulture species are really lacking, while their conservation needs a strong support (that could be also funding or technical support of in situ or ex situ programs in Asia, not necessarily the import of many breeding pairs in European facilities).

They are lacking here too, I think we support the African ones more than the Asian ones in situ.
 
All the New World vultures are widespread in European zoos, except the Californian Condor (I'm not sure if we really need an European program for them, even if a few surplus birds, from over-represented lineages, should be imported from America, as a curiosity).

Not quite; Greater Yellow-headed are also entirely absent and have been for many decades.
 
Egyptian, Bearded and Griffon Vultures are common to ubiquitous in European collections, while they are extremely rare, if not absent, in the Americas and Australia. [I guess it's possible to see them in Asian and African zoos]
I can say the same for European Otters, Eurasian Red Deer, Chamois, Alpine Ibex, Eurasian Wildcat, Eurasian Badger, Mediterranean Mouflon... out of Europe.

Conversely it's really rare to see true Grizzlies, Kodiak Bears, American Badgers, Bighorns... in Europe.

True Bengal Tigers are absent out of South Asian zoos.

I’ve seen an American Badger (and a Bobcat and an American Black Bear) at Avilon Zoo in the Philippines
 
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