Snowleopard's Mammals: A Lifetime List of Species Mammalian and Non-Mammalian

[Giant Eland]

Really? I have seen more Macaque species wild than Giant Eland? 5 species, Barbary Macaque, Moor Macaque, Sulawesi Crested Macaque, Long-tailed and Pig-tailed, both on Borneo

Oh yea, my wild list is pretty limited so far. Almost nothing in Europe or Australia and very few trips to Asia. I really focused on Zoos until the end of 2019 when I finally did my first African safari (an incredible combo of Zamiba, South Africa and Ethiopia). Since then I've really shifted to wild endeavors, but with room for the occasion zoo of course!

Pre-2019 my only wild trips were Galapagos (only 2 mammals haha), Costa Rica, and 3 days in India. But I've certainly been making up for lost time these past few years haha!

 

[Chlidonias]

Really? I have seen more Macaque species wild than Giant Eland? 5 species, Barbary Macaque, Moor Macaque, Sulawesi Crested Macaque, Long-tailed and Pig-tailed, both on Borneo

I've seen 13 species in the wild.

 

[snowleopard]

To finish off 'Macaque Week', I've listed all the zoos where I've seen macaques over the years, naturally in chronological order just like all my other lists.

Toronto, DeYoung Family Zoo, Keepers of the Wild Nature Park and Berlin each had THREE macaque species at one time, which seems remarkable these days. But nobody could match the now-closed Special Memories Zoo with FIVE macaque species at one time, although all in junky exhibits. Lastly, I am hugely impressed with the folks on this site who have ventured across various landscapes to see loads of macaque species in the wild, something that I'll likely never do. Kudos to you guys!

80 zoos (12 species: 25 Lion-tailed, 23 Japanese, 16 Barbary, 13 Sulawesi Crested, 10 Pig-tailed, 9 Rhesus, 7 Crab-eating, 4 Bonnet, 2 Stump-tailed, 2 Toque, 1 Booted, 1 Tonkean, with some zoos having multiple species)

1- Woodland Park Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 1996
2- Greater Vancouver Zoo (Canada) – Stump-tailed Macaque, Rhesus Macaque – 1998
3- San Francisco Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2006
4- San Diego Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2006
5- Denver Zoo (USA) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2006
6- Adelaide Zoo (Australia) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2007
7- Melbourne Zoo (Australia) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2007
8- Minnesota Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2008
9- Detroit Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque, Lion-tailed Macaque – 2008
10- Toronto Zoo (Canada) – Barbary Macaque, Lion-tailed Macaque, Japanese Macaque – 2008
11- Central Park Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2008
12- Smithsonian’s National Zoo (USA) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2008
13- Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden (USA) – Japanese Macaque, Lion-tailed Macaque – 2008
14- Memphis Zoo (USA) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2008
15- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2010
16- Saint Louis Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2010
17- Milwaukee County Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2010
18- Buffalo Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque, Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2010
19- Riverbanks Zoo & Garden (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2010
20- Birmingham Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2010
21- Baton Rouge Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque, Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2010
22- El Paso Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2010
23- Reid Park Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2011
24- Blank Park Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2012
25- Long Island Aquarium & Exhibition Center (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2012
26- Jackson Zoo (USA) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2012
27- Calgary Zoo (Canada) – Japanese Macaque – 2012
28- DeYoung Family Zoo (USA) – Bonnet Macaque, Pig-tailed Macaque, Japanese Macaque – 2014
29- Northeastern Wisconsin (NEW) Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2014
30- Clay Center Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2014
31- Wild Wilderness Drive-Through Safari (USA) – Rhesus Macaque – 2015
32- Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge (USA) – Rhesus Macaque – 2015
33- Franklin Drive-Thru Safari (USA) – Bonnet Macaque, Tonkean Macaque – 2015
34- Animal World & Snake Farm Zoo (USA) – Pig-tailed Macaque – 2015
35- Keepers of the Wild Nature Park (USA) – Stump-tailed Macaque, Pig-tailed Macaque, Bonnet Macaque – 2015
36- Discovery Wildlife Park (Canada) – Japanese Macaque – 2016
37- Folsom City Zoo Sanctuary (USA) – Crab-eating Macaque – 2017
38- Border City Petting Zoo (Canada) – Japanese Macaque – 2018
39- GarLyn Zoo (USA) – Bonnet Macaque – 2018
40- Wilderness Trails Zoo (USA) – Crab-eating Macaque – 2018
41- Indian Creek Zoo (USA) – Rhesus Macaque, Pig-tailed Macaque – 2018
42- Menominee Park Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2018
43- Animal Haven Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque, Crab-eating Macaque – 2018
44- Special Memories Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque, Booted Macaque, Rhesus Macaque, Crab-eating Macaque, Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2018
45- Great Plains Zoo (USA) – Japanese Macaque – 2018
46- Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium (USA) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2018
47- Stichting AAP (Netherlands) – Rhesus Macaque – 2019
48- Artis Royal Zoo (Netherlands) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque, Japanese Macaque – 2019
49- Landgoed Hoenderdaell (Netherlands) – Barbary Macaque – 2019
50- Van Blanckendaell Park (Netherlands) – Barbary Macaque, Rhesus Macaque – 2019
51- Diergaarde Blijdorp (Netherlands) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque, Lion-tailed Macaque – 2019
52- Harry Malter Familiepark (Belgium) – Rhesus Macaque – 2019
53- Planckendael Zoo (Belgium) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque, Barbary Macaque – 2019
54- Pairi Daiza (Belgium) – Japanese Macaque, Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2019
55- Safari Parc Monde Sauvage (Belgium) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2019
56- GaiaZOO (Netherlands) – Barbary Macaque – 2019
57- Aachener Zoo (Germany) – Barbary Macaque – 2019
58- Opel Zoo (Germany) – Barbary Macaque – 2019
59- Affen + Vogelpark Eckenhagen (Monkey + Bird Park) (Germany) – Barbary Macaque – 2019
60- Cologne Zoo (Germany) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2019
61- ZOOM Erlebniswelt (Germany) – Pig-tailed Macaque – 2019
62- Duisburg Zoo (Germany) – Lion-tailed Macaque – 2019
63- Tiergarten Monchengladbach (Germany) – Crab-eating Macaque – 2019
64- BestZOO (Netherlands) – Rhesus Macaque – 2019
65- Dierenrijk (Animal Kingdom) (Netherlands) – Crab-eating Macaque, Barbary Macaque – 2019
66- Ouwehands Dierenpark (Netherlands) – Barbary Macaque – 2019
67- Apenheul Primate Park (Netherlands) – Lion-tailed Macaque, Barbary Macaque – 2019
68- Burgers' Zoo (Netherlands) – Pig-tailed Macaque – 2019
69- Berlin Zoo (Germany) – Toque Macaque, Japanese Macaque, Lion-tailed Macaque – 2019
70- Berlin Tierpark (Germany) – Pig-tailed Macaque, Barbary Macaque – 2019
71- Serengeti-Park (Germany) – Lion-tailed Macaque, Barbary Macaque – 2019
72- Osnabruck Zoo (Germany) – Pig-tailed Macaque – 2019
73- NaturZoo Rheine (Germany) – Barbary Macaque, Lion-tailed Macaque – 2019
74- Dierenpark Amersfoort (Netherlands) – Japanese Macaque, Pig-tailed Macaque – 2019
75- Skaerup Zoo (Denmark) – Toque Macaque, Lion-tailed Macaque – 2022
76- Givskud Zoo (Denmark) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque, Barbary Macaque – 2022
77- Munkholm Zoo (Denmark) – Barbary Macaque – 2022
78- Jyllands Park Zoo (Denmark) – Crab-eating Macaque – 2022
79- Odense Zoo (Denmark) – Pig-tailed Macaque – 2022
80- Boras Zoo (Sweden) – Sulawesi Crested Macaque – 2022

 

[snowleopard]

For me, my perception is that mangabeys are not very common in zoos around the world, even though they are fascinating primates with their long tails and limbs. The species I've seen most often is the Red-capped Mangabey, but only at 11 zoos. All of the American establishments on my list are famous, AZA-accredited facilities, while all 3 of the European zoos are EAZA-accredited. I've never seen this particular species in a roadside American zoo.

1- Denver Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2006
2- Brookfield Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2008
3- Los Angeles Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2008
4- Kansas City Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2010
5- Binder Park Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2010
6- Philadelphia Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2010
7- Houston Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2010
8- Little Rock Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2012
9- Apenheul Primate Park (Netherlands) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2019
10- Berlin Tierpark (Germany) - Red-capped Mangabey – 2019
11- Allwetterzoo Munster (Germany) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2019

The first time I ever saw Red-capped Mangabeys (listed as Red-crowned Mangabeys at this location) was at Denver Zoo (USA) in 2006 in a large, impressively-sized netted exhibit.

Brookfield Zoo (USA) had Red-capped Mangabeys in the mammoth Tropic World complex in 2008. This monkey looks stunning against the mock-rock backdrop.

@geomorph

I saw the species in one of Los Angeles Zoo's (USA) 1960s-era 'roundhouse' structures in 2008.

@mstickmanp

Kansas City Zoo (USA) still maintains Red-capped Mangabeys and here is what their exhibit looks like now:

@DesertTortoise

This is what I saw at Kansas City Zoo (USA) in 2010:

Binder Park Zoo (USA) had the species in 2010 and that 'blurred image' on the right is actually a water mister shooting out some coolness for the primates.

There was an interesting visitor viewing area that looked like a tent:

This is what I saw for Red-capped Mangabeys at Philadelphia Zoo (USA) in 2010 and I don't think there was any kind of on-show outdoor exhibit. Is that correct? This enclosure was located inside the Rare Animal Conservation Center building.

2nd photo: @Giant Eland

Houston Zoo (USA) had a far superior exhibit that same year, although I'm not sure if the zoo still maintains the species as there aren't any recent ZooChat photos in the gallery of Red-capped Mangabeys. What would be in this enclosure now?

That was my last sighting of a Red-capped Mangabey for almost a decade, other than at Little Rock Zoo (USA) and there's no photographic record in the gallery but I did include the species in my 2012 road trip report from that Arkansas establishment. All of the many hundreds of roadside American zoos that I've personally toured never had Red-capped Mangabeys, but I did end up seeing them 3 more times and that was in the summer of 2019 in Europe.

Of course Apenheul Primate Park (Netherlands) would have such a wonderful looking monkey!

@Therabu

@MennoPebesma

My photo from Berlin Tierpark (USA) shows that the zoo replaced some of their famous green fencing with windows for the Red-capped Mangabey exhibit.

@Eagle

The 11th and final time that I saw the species was at Allwetter Zoo Munster (Germany), mixed with Gorillas! The apes and the monkeys were all lounging in the shaded corners of the two different enclosures, as it was a beastly hot day. I'd be curious to know if Munster has two separate gorilla/mangabey groups, or if all the primates have access to both outdoor exhibits at once.

1st exhibit:

2nd exhibit:

Indoor bedrooms:

Mammal Lists:

Gibbons - 143 zoos (9 species: 64 White-handed, 62 Siamang, 36 White-cheeked, 12 Yellow-cheeked, 7 Southern Grey, 5 Pileated, 3 Silvery, 2 Agile, 1 Eastern Hoolock, with some zoos having multiple species)

Elephants - 105 zoos (62 Asian, 53 African, including some zoos with both)

Macaques - 80 zoos (12 species: 25 Lion-tailed, 23 Japanese, 16 Barbary, 13 Sulawesi Crested, 10 Pig-tailed, 9 Rhesus, 7 Crab-eating, 4 Bonnet, 2 Stump-tailed, 2 Toque, 1 Booted, 1 Tonkean, including some zoos with multiple species)

Gorillas - 74
Orangutans - 74
Chimpanzees - 64
Baboons - 41 zoos (31 Hamadryas, 11 Olive, 6 Guinea, 1 Yellow, with some zoos having multiple species)
Mandrills - 41
Bonobos - 14
Red-capped Mangabeys - 11
Drills - 8
Geladas - 6

 

[birdsandbats]

Lastly, I am hugely impressed with the folks on this site who have ventured across various landscapes to see loads of macaque species in the wild, something that I'll likely never do. Kudos to you guys!

Of course, one can actually see wild macaques in the US, thanks to the huge population Rhesus Macaques roaming Florida. I've heard they're actually quite common in certain areas.

 

[Valvas]

The 11th and final time that I saw the species was at Allwetter Zoo Munster (Germany), mixed with Gorillas! The apes and the monkeys were all lounging in the shaded corners of the two different enclosures, as it was a beastly hot day. I'd be curious to know if Munster has two separate gorilla/mangabey groups, or if all the primates have access to both outdoor exhibits at once.

They have only one gorilla and mangabey group. The reason for the two outdoor enclosures was that they used to house a group of chimpanzees in the second one, but they had to say farewell to the species (I believe the chimps went to Magdeburg in 2014) because particularly the indoor housing wasn't suitable for housing two great ape species.

 

[15399]

For me, my perception is that mangabeys are not very common in zoos around the world, even though they are fascinating primates with their long tails and limbs. The species I've seen most often is the Red-capped Mangabey, but only at 11 zoos. All of the American establishments on my list are famous, AZA-accredited facilities, while all 3 of the European zoos are EAZA-accredited. I've never seen this particular species in a roadside American zoo.

1- Denver Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2006
2- Brookfield Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2008
3- Los Angeles Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2008
4- Kansas City Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2010
5- Binder Park Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2010
6- Philadelphia Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2010
7- Houston Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2010
8- Little Rock Zoo (USA) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2012
9- Apenheul Primate Park (Netherlands) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2019
10- Berlin Tierpark (Germany) - Red-capped Mangabey – 2019
11- Allwetterzoo Munster (Germany) – Red-capped Mangabey – 2019

The first time I ever saw Red-capped Mangabeys (listed as Red-crowned Mangabeys at this location) was at Denver Zoo (USA) in 2006 in a large, impressively-sized netted exhibit.

Brookfield Zoo (USA) had Red-capped Mangabeys in the mammoth Tropic World complex in 2008. This monkey looks stunning against the mock-rock backdrop.

@geomorph

I saw the species in one of Los Angeles Zoo's (USA) 1960s-era 'roundhouse' structures in 2008.

@mstickmanp

Kansas City Zoo (USA) still maintains Red-capped Mangabeys and here is what their exhibit looks like now:

@DesertTortoise

This is what I saw at Kansas City Zoo (USA) in 2010:

Binder Park Zoo (USA) had the species in 2010 and that 'blurred image' on the right is actually a water mister shooting out some coolness for the primates.

There was an interesting visitor viewing area that looked like a tent:

This is what I saw for Red-capped Mangabeys at Philadelphia Zoo (USA) in 2010 and I don't think there was any kind of on-show outdoor exhibit. Is that correct? This enclosure was located inside the Rare Animal Conservation Center building.

2nd photo: @Giant Eland

Houston Zoo (USA) had a far superior exhibit that same year, although I'm not sure if the zoo still maintains the species as there aren't any recent ZooChat photos in the gallery of Red-capped Mangabeys. What would be in this enclosure now?

That was my last sighting of a Red-capped Mangabey for almost a decade, other than at Little Rock Zoo (USA) and there's no photographic record in the gallery but I did include the species in my 2012 road trip report from that Arkansas establishment. All of the many hundreds of roadside American zoos that I've personally toured never had Red-capped Mangabeys, but I did end up seeing them 3 more times and that was in the summer of 2019 in Europe.

Of course Apenheul Primate Park (Netherlands) would have such a wonderful looking monkey!

@Therabu

@MennoPebesma

My photo from Berlin Tierpark (USA) shows that the zoo replaced some of their famous green fencing with windows for the Red-capped Mangabey exhibit.

@Eagle

The 11th and final time that I saw the species was at Allwetter Zoo Munster (Germany), mixed with Gorillas! The apes and the monkeys were all lounging in the shaded corners of the two different enclosures, as it was a beastly hot day. I'd be curious to know if Munster has two separate gorilla/mangabey groups, or if all the primates have access to both outdoor exhibits at once.

1st exhibit:

2nd exhibit:

Indoor bedrooms:

Mammal Lists:

Gibbons - 143 zoos (9 species: 64 White-handed, 62 Siamang, 36 White-cheeked, 12 Yellow-cheeked, 7 Southern Grey, 5 Pileated, 3 Silvery, 2 Agile, 1 Eastern Hoolock, with some zoos having multiple species)

Elephants - 105 zoos (62 Asian, 53 African, including some zoos with both)

Macaques - 80 zoos (12 species: 25 Lion-tailed, 23 Japanese, 16 Barbary, 13 Sulawesi Crested, 10 Pig-tailed, 9 Rhesus, 7 Crab-eating, 4 Bonnet, 2 Stump-tailed, 2 Toque, 1 Booted, 1 Tonkean, including some zoos with multiple species)

Gorillas - 74
Orangutans - 74
Chimpanzees - 64
Baboons - 41 zoos (31 Hamadryas, 11 Olive, 6 Guinea, 1 Yellow, with some zoos having multiple species)
Mandrills - 41
Bonobos - 14
Red-capped Mangabeys - 11
Drills - 8
Geladas - 6

Mangabeys are a group (technically not a monophyletic clade) whose rarity comes as no surprise to me. While a lot of really foundational animal behavior research has been done on cercopithecines in Africa, there are a few criteria that are typically shared amongst those species with lots of foundational research. Typically, this research occurs on savanna species, as they are much easier to observe keep track of, and typically this research occurs in species whose range includes countries that speak English and are relatively politically stable (e.g., Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa). The mangabeys don't fit either of these criteria. Since we don't know much about wild mangabeys, it seems logical that zoos will instead opt for other species of cercopithecine.

Interestingly, however, at least in AZA zoos we do not see the species we know the most about being the ones most common in zoos. Quite a few of the foundational studies, particularly in regards to animal communication, occurred in vervet monkeys in South Africa (especially by Seyfarth and Cheney), and yet only a small number of US zoos keep this species. Likewise, much of the foundational research in primate social structures occurred in baboons living at Amboseli (if this interests anyone, I highly recommend the book "Baboon Mothers and Infants" by Jeanne Altmann), another group that isn't overly represented in zoos. So while the amount we know about a species in the wild may not have much of an impact on how common they are in zoos, at least in some cases, like the mangabeys, species may be rare in captivity because they don't get much attention in the wild.

 

[snowleopard]

The next most common mangabey species for me has been the Black Crested Mangabey, which I've seen at 9 zoos.

1- San Diego Zoo (USA) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2008
2- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (USA) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2010
3- Kansas City Zoo (USA) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2010
4- Binder Park Zoo (USA) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2010
5- San Antonio Zoo (USA) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2010
6- Zoo Boise (USA) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2010
7- Wildlife World Zoo, Aquarium & Safari Park (USA) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2011
8- GaiaZOO (Netherlands) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2019
9- Beekse Bergen (Netherlands) – Black Crested Mangabey – 2019

San Diego Zoo (USA) was the location of my first sighting and that 'world-famous' zoo has continued to showcase Black Crested Mangabeys for many years. Originally, those primates were in an exhibit together with Angolan Colobus over in the Lost Forest zone.

@geomorph

However, last summer I saw the two primate species, still together, over in the Sun Bear Forest area in an exhibit that used to house Lion-tailed Macaques for years.

2nd photo: @pachyderm pro

Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (USA) had an old-fashioned building called Monkey Pavilion and it was built in 1942. The zoo announced, in September 2020, that the structure would be demolished and I'm guessing that has now occurred. Here's the Black Crested Mangabey exhibit that I saw in 2010:

Kansas City Zoo (USA) is another facility where I saw the species in 2010:

With a visitor area that is a wooden boardwalk overlooking a netted enclosure, Binder Park Zoo (USA) had Black Crested Mangabeys in with Colobus in 2010.

That combination still exists 14 years later, although with 5 new wooden climbing structures similar to this one:

@Rhino0118

In a similar situation to Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, San Antonio Zoo (USA) had an old-school Monkey House that possibly might have been bulldozed by now. I saw Black Crested Mangabeys there in 2010:

Zoo Boise (USA) had Black Crested Mangabeys in a very basic enclosure (with two 'dog carrier crates' inside) that could only be seen via a Conservation Cruise in 2010. I did not take the cruise, but the zoo definitely held the species at that time.

@Ituri

Wildlife World Zoo, Aquarium & Safari Park (USA) has an exhibit for the species where it is possible to have monkey limbs extend into the visitor area! Black Crested Mangabeys have been found at this Arizona zoo for at least 16 or more years, and last summer I saw two enclosures with the species. However, a great flaw with this zoo, which excels with ungulates, is that so many of the primates are kept in barren, basic cages. It's a real black mark on the facility.

Exhibit #1:

Exhibit #2:

Between 2008 and 2011, I saw Black Crested Mangabeys at 7 American zoos, all but Wildlife World being AZA-accredited. I'm not sure that Cheyenne Mountain, San Antonio or Boise even have the species these days, with this thread once again showing the scarcity of some primate species in North American collections. I then toured the USA on several more summer zoo trips in 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018, failing to see Black Crested Mangabeys at any of the roadside, non-accredited establishments I visited. Just as in the case with Red-capped Mangabeys, these type of monkeys appear to be found only at AZA zoos and even then it's few and far between. Has anyone on the East Coast come across mangabeys in roadside zoos?

Thankfully, I then headed over to Europe and saw two zoos in the Netherlands with Black Crested Mangabeys.

GaiaZOO (Netherlands) is a superb zoo, full of wonderful exhibits and with very few flaws anywhere. There I saw Black Crested Mangabeys in with Gorillas and it was a terrific experience.

If you look very carefully, there are 6 mangabeys and 2 gorillas in this photo:

@Mr Gharial

In my 2019 review of the zoo, I wrote that there were some sections of the moat that weren't very wide at all. Visitors can get quite close to the two primate species when they venture down their hilly embankment.

@vogelcommando

3 Gorillas and 1 Black Crested Mangabey all hanging out:

@Toddy

@KevinB

Safaripark Beekse Bergen (Netherlands), another superb Dutch zoo, also has Black Crested Mangabeys in with Gorillas. As long as it's a safe environment for the monkeys, then this is the way to go in order to create amazing enrichment opportunities for the animals, and to showcase primate diversity to the public, all in fantastic exhibits. North American zoos...take note!

@Mr Gharial

@robreintjes

@KevinB

Mammal Lists:

Gibbons - 143 zoos (9 species: 64 White-handed, 62 Siamang, 36 White-cheeked, 12 Yellow-cheeked, 7 Southern Grey, 5 Pileated, 3 Silvery, 2 Agile, 1 Eastern Hoolock, with some zoos having multiple species)

Elephants - 105 zoos (62 Asian, 53 African, including some zoos with both)

Macaques - 80 zoos (12 species: 25 Lion-tailed, 23 Japanese, 16 Barbary, 13 Sulawesi Crested, 10 Pig-tailed, 9 Rhesus, 7 Crab-eating, 4 Bonnet, 2 Stump-tailed, 2 Toque, 1 Booted, 1 Tonkean, including some zoos with multiple species)

Gorillas - 74
Orangutans - 74
Chimpanzees - 64
Baboons - 41 zoos (31 Hamadryas, 11 Olive, 6 Guinea, 1 Yellow, with some zoos having multiple species)
Mandrills - 41
Bonobos - 14
Red-capped Mangabeys - 11
Black Crested Mangabeys - 9
Drills - 8
Geladas - 6

 

[snowleopard]

I've only ever come across Golden-bellied Mangabeys at 6 zoos, another primate species that is a bit more common in Europe. Although, even there they've never quite gained a significant foothold and it would be intriguing to know how many zoos have the species worldwide.

1- San Diego Zoo (USA) – Golden-bellied Mangabey – 2006
2- Cleveland Metroparks Zoo (USA) – Golden-bellied Mangabey – 2010
3- San Antonio Zoo (USA) – Golden-bellied Mangabey – 2010
4- Sacramento Zoo (USA) – Golden-bellied Mangabey – 2011
5- Jackson Zoo (USA) – Golden-bellied Mangabey – 2012
6- Burgers’ Zoo (Netherlands) – Golden-bellied Mangabey – 2019

On my very first trip to San Diego Zoo (USA) I saw the species in the Lost Forest section of the zoo.

@geomorph

The most recent ZooChat photo from that zoo is from 2012, so the species has been gone a long time now.

@MountainBongo

The famous Primate, Cat & Aquatics building at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo (USA) had Golden-bellied Mangabeys when I was there in 2010 and there are two of the monkeys in this photo.

The indoor accommodation is typical of a 1970s-era structure:

I think that Cleveland might be the very last AZA-accredited zoo with the species and in fact the last North American zoo with the species. Treasure them while you can!

@Andrew_NZP

San Antonio Zoo (USA) had at least 4 Golden-bellied Mangabeys when I was there in 2010. Now long gone.

An old-fashioned cage for the species was to be seen at Sacramento Zoo (USA) in 2011.

I was at Jackson Zoo (USA) in 2012 and there was a single Golden-bellied Mangabey and a single Diana Monkey together in an abysmal exhibit with mock-rock everywhere and one branch sticking out of the ground for climbing.

It's interesting how few times an American zoo has had Golden-bellied Mangabeys in their collection in modern history. The photos from San Antonio, Sacramento and Jackson are just about the only ones in the gallery, making me think that this particular primate species didn't last long at any of those zoos. I've also never seen a single mangabey at a roadside zoo.

I was at Burgers' Zoo (Netherlands) in 2019 and in my review I made no mention of Golden-bellied Mangabeys. If they weren't there then I'll take them off my list. However, there are images in the ZooChat gallery of that species from 2016, 2017, late 2018 and 2022, and if I remember correctly there was a period when those monkeys were off-show. At one point, the zoo had them in with Gorillas.

@KevinB

I wonder if I will ever see the species again. According to Zootierliste, there's only 13 zoos on the planet with Golden-bellied Mangabeys and so me seeing them at 6 zoos in the past is quite an achievement. Maybe Budapest (Hungary) or Liberec (Czech. Rep.) will be my best options, if I ever have a big European zoo trek again.

@MennoPebesma

Mammal Lists:

Gibbons - 143 zoos (9 species: 64 White-handed, 62 Siamang, 36 White-cheeked, 12 Yellow-cheeked, 7 Southern Grey, 5 Pileated, 3 Silvery, 2 Agile, 1 Eastern Hoolock, with some zoos having multiple species)

Elephants - 105 zoos (62 Asian, 53 African, including some zoos with both)

Macaques - 80 zoos (12 species: 25 Lion-tailed, 23 Japanese, 16 Barbary, 13 Sulawesi Crested, 10 Pig-tailed, 9 Rhesus, 7 Crab-eating, 4 Bonnet, 2 Stump-tailed, 2 Toque, 1 Booted, 1 Tonkean, including some zoos with multiple species)

Gorillas - 74
Orangutans - 74
Chimpanzees - 64
Baboons - 41 zoos (31 Hamadryas, 11 Olive, 6 Guinea, 1 Yellow, with some zoos having multiple species)
Mandrills - 41
Bonobos - 14
Red-capped Mangabeys - 11
Black Crested Mangabeys - 9
Drills - 8
Geladas - 6
Golden-bellied Mangabeys - 6

 

[snowleopard]

Other than Red-capped, Black Crested and Golden-bellied, I've seen two other mangabey species in my lifetime. Those are White-naped Mangabeys, at 3 zoos, and a single Sooty Mangabey at 1 zoo.

1- Diergaarde Blijdorp (Netherlands) – White-naped Mangabey – 2019
2- Duisburg Zoo (Germany) – White-naped Mangabey – 2019
3- Osnabruck Zoo (Germany) – White-naped Mangabey – 2019

1- Brookfield Zoo (USA) – Sooty Mangabey – 2008

Sometimes called White-collared or White-crowned, White-naped Mangabeys have been at Diergaarde Blijdorp (Netherlands) for many years.

@vogelcommando

@KevinB

@KevinB

Duisburg Zoo (Germany), a facility that often has rarities pop up in its collection, also has White-naped Mangabeys.

@Maguari

@Joker1706

I saw the species at a third zoo during my summer 2019 trek and it was Osnabruck Zoo (Germany). Here's my photo from the African-themed 'Takamanda' loop of the zoo, named after a National Park in Cameroon.

@RonBurrgundy

I mentioned in my review of Brookfield Zoo (USA), in 2008, that I saw a Sooty Mangabey inside the cavernous Tropic World building. In 2013, @Moebelle also mentions a Sooty Mangabey on each of his photos, although the animal must be long gone now. Does anyone have a photo of a Sooty Mangabey from Brookfield? I want to be 100% sure that there was no misidentification of the species because Tropic World has been home to other types of mangabeys over the years.

That's the end of the list of mangabeys I've seen in captivity. Zootierliste has a record of only 17 zoos worldwide with White-naped Mangabeys and only 5 zoos on the planet with Sooty Mangabeys at this moment in time. Even Golden-bellied (13 zoos), Black Crested (37 zoos) and Red-capped (26 zoos) are very rare as well. One fears that in another decade there will be even fewer mangabeys for us zoo nerds to see.

Earlier this week, @Neil chace offered up some excellent reasons why mangabeys appear to be so sparse in zoos and it's partially because this type of primate doesn't get a lot of attention in the wild. There aren't as many reports and books on mangabeys, and perhaps for typical zoo visitors they are simply yet another monkey. For me, I admire mangabeys and enjoy seeing them as they are not short and stocky like macaques but instead are more graceful with their long limbs. I particularly enjoyed seeing Black Crested Mangabeys in with Gorillas at GaiaZOO (Netherlands), and Red-capped Mangabeys also in with Gorillas at Allwetter Zoo Munster (Germany), as mixed-species exhibits offer up a snapshot of how primates get along in the wild.

It's interesting to note that I have seen various macaque species at a total of 80 zoos, different baboon species at 41 zoos, and mangabeys at only 30 zoos and never once at any roadside American zoo. While it was always a shock for me to come across an obscure, rare type of macaque or baboon at a non-accredited North American facility, that was never the case with mangabeys as they were only ever seen by me at noteworthy zoos.

Mammal Lists:

Gibbons - 143 zoos (9 species: 64 White-handed, 62 Siamang, 36 White-cheeked, 12 Yellow-cheeked, 7 Southern Grey, 5 Pileated, 3 Silvery, 2 Agile, 1 Eastern Hoolock, with some zoos having multiple species)

Elephants - 104 zoos (61 Asian, 53 African, including some zoos with both)

Macaques - 80 zoos (12 species: 25 Lion-tailed, 23 Japanese, 16 Barbary, 13 Sulawesi Crested, 10 Pig-tailed, 9 Rhesus, 7 Crab-eating, 4 Bonnet, 2 Stump-tailed, 2 Toque, 1 Booted, 1 Tonkean, including some zoos with multiple species)

Gorillas - 74
Orangutans - 74
Chimpanzees - 64

Baboons - 41 zoos (31 Hamadryas, 11 Olive, 6 Guinea, 1 Yellow, with some zoos having multiple species)

Mandrills - 41

Mangabeys - 30 zoos (5 species: 11 Red-capped, 9 Black Crested, 6 Golden-bellied, 3 White-naped, 1 Sooty)

Bonobos - 14
Drills - 8
Geladas - 6

 

[15399]

I mentioned in my review of Brookfield Zoo (USA), in 2008, that I saw a Sooty Mangabey inside the cavernous Tropic World building. In 2013, @Moebelle also mentions a Sooty Mangabey on each of his photos, although the animal must be long gone now. Does anyone have a photo of a Sooty Mangabey from Brookfield? I want to be 100% sure that there was no misidentification of the species because Tropic World has been home to other types of mangabeys over the years.

Sooty mangabeys in Tropic World were actually the ones that hybridized with a mandrill to create a "mangadrill". I'm not sure when the hybridized individual would've passed away or if you would've seen it, though.

 

[pachyderm pro]

Sooty mangabeys in Tropic World were actually the ones that hybridized with a mandrill to create a "mangadrill". I'm not sure when the hybridized individual would've passed away or if you would've seen it, though.

I was just seconds away from posting about this. Here is a photo of that individual which was taken in 2012, so in that regard @snowleopard definitely saw at least half of a sooty mangabey.

 

[snowleopard]

A 'mangadrill' is a whole new species to me! Someone sent me a message saying that during my 2008 visit then I would definitely have seen some genuine Sooty Mangabeys, but if I'd gone back a couple of years later then the Frankenstein-esque creature in @pachyderm pro's photo would have been there. Between the baboons gone from their mock-rock blob, and the loss of diversity inside Tropic World, Brookfield has certainly lost a number of primate species in the past 15 years. At least there's the huge new outdoor expansion to Tropic World to look forward to.

 

[Giant Eland]

I mentioned in my review of Brookfield Zoo (USA), in 2008, that I saw a Sooty Mangabey inside the cavernous Tropic World building. In 2013, @Moebelle also mentions a Sooty Mangabey on each of his photos, although the animal must be long gone now. Does anyone have a photo of a Sooty Mangabey from Brookfield? I want to be 100% sure that there was no misidentification of the species because Tropic World has been home to other types of mangabeys over the years.

@snowleopard Here's my pic from 2006!

 

[15399]

A 'mangadrill' is a whole new species to me! Someone sent me a message saying that during my 2008 visit then I would definitely have seen some genuine Sooty Mangabeys, but if I'd gone back a couple of years later then the Frankenstein-esque creature in @pachyderm pro's photo would have been there. Between the baboons gone from their mock-rock blob, and the loss of diversity inside Tropic World, Brookfield has certainly lost a number of primate species in the past 15 years. At least there's the huge new outdoor expansion to Tropic World to look forward to.

Brookfield's two "mangadrills" was born at some point during the 1990's, so if one was still there when @pachyderm pro took that photo in 2012, then one still would've been there in 2008.

 

[pachyderm pro]

Brookfield's two "mangadrills" was born at some point during the 1990's, so if one was still there when @pachyderm pro took that photo in 2012, then one still would've been there in 2008.

Just to clarify I didn’t actually take that photo. It’s the first image that comes up when you search “Brookfield Zoo Sooty Mangabey”.

 

[Komodo Dragon]

Honestly a bit unfortunate that there are few mangabeys in captivity. They’re fascinating primates!

 

[snowleopard]

The capuchin species that I've come across the most is the Tufted Capuchin, at 44 zoos and double the next type. When I was on long road trips in 2008, 2010 and 2012, visiting mainly famous, AZA-accredited zoos, I hardly saw any Tufted Capuchins. In my first couple of hundred zoos, they were genuine rarities. It was my 2014, 2015 and 2018 road trips, when I toured a lot of roadside zoos, and suddenly the species was far more common. I also saw a ton of them on my 2019 European trek, often in large troops.

1- Stanley Park Zoo (Canada) – Tufted Capuchin – 1986
2- Brookfield Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2008
3- Emperor Valley Zoo (Trinidad & Tobago) – Tufted Capuchin – 2008
4- Utah’s Hogle Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2010
5- Santa Ana Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2011
6- Little Rock Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2012
7- Rolling Hills Wildlife Adventure (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2012
8- Hemker Park & Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2014
9- Irvine Park & Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2014
10- Ochsner Park Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2014
11- Willow Park Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2014
12- Tiger Safari (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
13- Wild Wilderness Drive-Through Safari (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
14- Franklin Drive-Thru Safari (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
15- Animal World & Snake Farm Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
16- Austin Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
17- Alameda Park Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
18- Keepers of the Wild Nature Park (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
19- Sierra Safari Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
20- San Diego Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2017
21- Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2017
22- America’s Teaching Zoo: Moorpark College (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2017
23- Saskatoon Forestry Farm Park & Zoo (Canada) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
24- Roscommon Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
25- Washington Park Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
26- Animal Gardens Petting Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
27- Jo-Don Farms (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
28- Special Memories Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
29- Stichting AAP (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
30- Landgoed Hoenderdaell (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
31- Van Blanckendaell Park (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
32- Familiepark Plaswijckpark (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
33- Lille Zoo (France) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
34- Harry Malter Familiepark (Belgium) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
35- Pakawi Park (Belgium) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
36- Mondo Verde (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
37- Aachener Zoo (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
38- Opel Zoo (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
39- Tiergarten Monchengladbach (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
40- BestZOO (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
41- Osnabruck Zoo (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
42- Gronau Zoo (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
43- Skaerup Zoo (Denmark) – Tufted Capuchin – 2022
44- Wildlife World Zoo, Aquarium & Safari Park (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2023

The quality of the exhibits for this species is all over the map. One of my most memorable times seeing Tufted Capuchins was with @sooty mangabey at Landgoed Hoenderdaell (Netherlands) because the monkeys had a lot of trees available to them for climbing.

Another Dutch zoo, Familiepark Plaswijckpark (Netherlands), had Tufted Capuchins in with Coatis in an odd mixed-species exhibit.

Of course, in roadside 'Americana' there's always a Wisconsin facility like Special Memories Zoo (USA) with a single capuchin in a tiny cage.

Or a 'sanctuary', this time in California, called Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary (USA) with multiple small cages for Tufted Capuchins. Ex-pets perhaps?

Or even this freshly-built exhibit at Tiger Safari (USA) with a single Tufted Capuchin sitting in a corner.

San Diego Zoo (USA) is famous for its great primate exhibits all over its acreage, which includes a decent enclosure for Tufted Capuchins.

@pachyderm pro

@Julio C Castro

Lille Zoo (France) has a series of nicely planted primate islands, with Tufted Capuchins being seen there.

Osnabruck Zoo (Germany) had a series of linked outdoor enclosures for Tufted Capuchins in 2019. Does this South American building still exist? I thought I read somewhere that it was going to be demolished.

Washington Park Zoo (USA), a rather obscure zoo in Indiana with many 1930s-era structures, had Tufted Capuchins when I visited in 2018. The monkeys were kept in a Tropical House that combined modern kiddie play toys with 1930s bricks!

Little Rock Zoo (USA) also had Tufted Capuchins in a 1930s-era, WPA-built structure when I was there in 2012.

Overall, I would say that of the first 29 different zoos where I saw this species, perhaps only San Diego Zoo would have what could be called a nice enclosure. Things improve a bit in the later zoos. Tufted Capuchins have had to put up with their fate in dozens of small, old-fashioned cages in American zoos that really do not meet modern animal welfare standards. Things definitely improve in European zoos, but even there it seems that for Tufted Capuchins a great exhibit is not something high on the list for zoo nerds to come across on their travels.

Mammal Lists:

Gibbons - 143 zoos (9 species: 64 White-handed, 62 Siamang, 36 White-cheeked, 12 Yellow-cheeked, 7 Southern Grey, 5 Pileated, 3 Silvery, 2 Agile, 1 Eastern Hoolock, with some zoos having multiple species)

Elephants - 104 zoos (61 Asian, 53 African, including some zoos with both)

Macaques - 80 zoos (12 species: 25 Lion-tailed, 23 Japanese, 16 Barbary, 13 Sulawesi Crested, 10 Pig-tailed, 9 Rhesus, 7 Crab-eating, 4 Bonnet, 2 Stump-tailed, 2 Toque, 1 Booted, 1 Tonkean, including some zoos with multiple species)

Gorillas - 74
Orangutans - 74
Chimpanzees - 64
Tufted Capuchins - 44

Baboons - 41 zoos (31 Hamadryas, 11 Olive, 6 Guinea, 1 Yellow, with some zoos having multiple species)

Mandrills - 41

Mangabeys - 30 zoos (5 species: 11 Red-capped, 9 Black Crested, 6 Golden-bellied, 3 White-naped, 1 Sooty)

Bonobos - 14
Drills - 8
Geladas - 6

 

[15399]

The capuchin species that I've come across the most is the Tufted Capuchin, at 44 zoos and double the next type. When I was on long road trips in 2008, 2010 and 2012, visiting mainly famous, AZA-accredited zoos, I hardly saw any Tufted Capuchins. In my first couple of hundred zoos, they were genuine rarities. It was my 2014, 2015 and 2018 road trips, when I saw a lot of roadside zoos, where suddenly the species was far more common. I also saw a ton of them on my 2019 European trek, often in large troops.

1- Stanley Park Zoo (Canada) – Tufted Capuchin – 1986
2- Brookfield Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2008
3- Emperor Valley Zoo (Trinidad & Tobago) – Tufted Capuchin – 2008
4- Utah’s Hogle Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2010
5- Santa Ana Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2011
6- Little Rock Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2012
7- Rolling Hills Wildlife Adventure (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2012
8- Hemker Park & Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2014
9- Irvine Park & Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2014
10- Ochsner Park Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2014
11- Willow Park Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2014
12- Tiger Safari (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
13- Wild Wilderness Drive-Through Safari (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
14- Franklin Drive-Thru Safari (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
15- Animal World & Snake Farm Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
16- Austin Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
17- Alameda Park Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
18- Keepers of the Wild Nature Park (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
19- Sierra Safari Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2015
20- San Diego Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2017
21- Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2017
22- America’s Teaching Zoo: Moorpark College (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2017
23- Saskatoon Forestry Farm Park & Zoo (Canada) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
24- Roscommon Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
25- Washington Park Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
26- Animal Gardens Petting Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
27- Jo-Don Farms (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
28- Special Memories Zoo (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2018
29- Stichting AAP (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
30- Landgoed Hoenderdaell (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
31- Van Blanckendaell Park (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
32- Familiepark Plaswijckpark (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
33- Lille Zoo (France) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
34- Harry Malter Familiepark (Belgium) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
35- Pakawi Park (Belgium) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
36- Mondo Verde (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
37- Aachener Zoo (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
38- Opel Zoo (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
39- Tiergarten Monchengladbach (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
40- BestZOO (Netherlands) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
41- Osnabruck Zoo (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
42- Gronau Zoo (Germany) – Tufted Capuchin – 2019
43- Skaerup Zoo (Denmark) – Tufted Capuchin – 2022
44- Wildlife World Zoo, Aquarium & Safari Park (USA) – Tufted Capuchin – 2023

The quality of the exhibits for this species is all over the map. One of my most memorable times seeing Tufted Capuchins was with @sooty mangabey at Landgoed Hoenderdaell (Netherlands) because the monkeys had a lot of trees available to them for climbing.

Another Dutch zoo, Familiepark Plaswijckpark (Netherlands), had Tufted Capuchins in with Coatis in an odd mixed-species exhibit.

Of course, in roadside 'Americana' there's always a Wisconsin facility like Special Memories Zoo (USA) with a single capuchin in a tiny cage.

Or a 'sanctuary', this time in California, called Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary (USA) with multiple small cages for Tufted Capuchins. Ex-pets perhaps?

Or even this freshly-built exhibit at Tiger Safari (USA) with a single Tufted Capuchin sitting in a corner.

San Diego Zoo (USA) is famous for its great primate exhibits all over its acreage, which includes a decent enclosure for Tufted Capuchins.

@pachyderm pro

@Julio C Castro

Lille Zoo (France) has a series of nicely planted primate islands, with Tufted Capuchins being seen there.

Osnabruck Zoo (Germany) had a series of linked outdoor enclosures for Tufted Capuchins in 2019. Does this South American building still exist? I thought I read somewhere that it was going to be demolished.

Washington Park Zoo (USA), a rather obscure zoo in Indiana with many 1930s-era structures, had Tufted Capuchins when I visited in 2018. The monkeys were kept in a Tropical House that combined modern kiddie play toys with 1930s bricks!

Little Rock Zoo (USA) also had Tufted Capuchins in a 1930s-era, WPA-built structure when I was there in 2012.

Overall, I would say that of the first 29 different zoos where I saw this species, perhaps only San Diego Zoo would have what could be called a nice enclosure. Things improve a bit in the later zoos. Tufted Capuchins have had to put up with their fate in dozens of small, old-fashioned cages in American zoos that really do not meet modern animal welfare standards. Things definitely improve in European zoos, but even there it seems that for Tufted Capuchins a great exhibit is not something high on the list for zoo nerds to come across on their travels.

Mammal Lists:

Gibbons - 143 zoos (9 species: 64 White-handed, 62 Siamang, 36 White-cheeked, 12 Yellow-cheeked, 7 Southern Grey, 5 Pileated, 3 Silvery, 2 Agile, 1 Eastern Hoolock, with some zoos having multiple species)

Elephants - 104 zoos (61 Asian, 53 African, including some zoos with both)

Macaques - 80 zoos (12 species: 25 Lion-tailed, 23 Japanese, 16 Barbary, 13 Sulawesi Crested, 10 Pig-tailed, 9 Rhesus, 7 Crab-eating, 4 Bonnet, 2 Stump-tailed, 2 Toque, 1 Booted, 1 Tonkean, including some zoos with multiple species)

Gorillas - 74
Orangutans - 74
Chimpanzees - 64
Tufted Capuchins - 44

Baboons - 41 zoos (31 Hamadryas, 11 Olive, 6 Guinea, 1 Yellow, with some zoos having multiple species)

Mandrills - 41

Mangabeys - 30 zoos (5 species: 11 Red-capped, 9 Black Crested, 6 Golden-bellied, 3 White-naped, 1 Sooty)

Bonobos - 14
Drills - 8
Geladas - 6

Was Rainforest Falls built yet when you visited Buffalo Zoo? If it was, you might have seen this species at Buffalo Zoo too, although different rotations and mixes with the primates have existed at different times in the building's existence so maybe you went on a day they weren't out?

 

[snowleopard]

Was Rainforest Falls built yet when you visited Buffalo Zoo? If it was, you might have seen this species at Buffalo Zoo too, although different rotations and mixes with the primates have existed at different times in the building's existence so maybe you went on a day they weren't out?

I was at Buffalo Zoo in 2010 and saw Rainforest Falls, which was the best thing about the zoo. During my visit, I saw three primate species inside that Tropical House: White-faced Saki, Black Howler Monkey and Squirrel Monkey. If the zoo also held Tufted Capuchins at that time, even if they were rotated throughout the week, then I can add them to my list but I didn't mention them in my review.