Australasian Common Chimpanzee Population

Rockhampton - Chimpanzee Introductions

The chimpanzee introductions have continued with Jerry having now met juveniles, Capri and Gandali. This follows on from successful introductions to Cassius (elderly male) and Alon (alpha male).

Jerry and Gandali are reported to have forged a close bond, which is encouraging to hear after the death of Gandali’s mother (Holly) and surrogate mother (Samantha).

1.0 Cassius (18/10/1971) Chiko x Mary
1.0n Jerry (04/12/1995) Imported 2019
1.0 Alon (29/01/2008) Imported 2015
1.0 Gandali (03/02/2020) Alon x Holly
0.1 Capri (11/02/2018) Alon x Leakey

This just leaves Leakey and her juvenile daughter, Mzuri. They have presumably been left to last due to Mzuri’s age, which would heighten Leakey’s protectiveness.

0.1 Leakey (30/12/1994) Imported 2015
0.1 Mzuri (08/12/2021) Alon x Leakey
 
Taronga Zoo - Birth Cohorts

I was discussing Taronga’s future breeding plans with a friend over the weekend and how Taronga aim to synchronise their births. This gives the mothers a shared purpose and provides peer socialisation for the infants.

Examples include:

2001: Shiba, Lisa,
2002: Sacha
2003: Koko, Kuma, Sacha
2005: Kamili

2008: Shiba, Sacha

2012: Kuma
2013: Kuma, Koko, Kamili
2014: Koko, Kamili, Shiba, Lisa

2017: Lani, Naomi, Ceres
2019: Shiba, Naomi
2020: Naomi, Kamili

2023: Lisa, Ceres, Kamili

Bold = infant survived infancy

Kuma and Naomi will likely be the mothers of the next two infants, though to my knowledge neither are off contraception yet.

I thought it was interesting to note the timing of Kuma and Koko giving birth in 2003. This was straight off the bat from attempts to breed from Chiki, Lisa, Shiba and Sacha (two of which were successful). I imagine this was to provide role models of maternal behaviour. Koko had previously demonstrated poor maternal behaviour; and Kuma was a first time breeder. Kuma’s mother had an infant in 1995, but it died in infancy and thus Kuma never witnessed the raising of a sibling. The last surviving infant in the community prior to this cohort was in 1996.
 
Update on Taronga’s community:

Update from my friend’s recent visit:

Fumo has recently begun targeting Samaki in displays. He’s bulked up a lot over the last couple of years and is now heavier than Shikamoo, Furahi and Sule.

Naomi currently has a large swelling. She’s dropped in status of late; which could change when she has her next infant. Sacha is the highest ranking female; with Lisa, Shiba and Kuma following behind (in no particular order/difficult to assess). I imagine Lisa’s status as a mother of a new infant has helped her ranking.

Niambi is showing a lot of interest in the infants and has been seen carrying Lemba. Due to Ceres and Naomi being sisters and spending a lot of time together, I anticipate Niambi and Cekiri will form a close bond (like the one Niambi shared with Cebele prior to her passing).
 
I was sad to see Wellington Zoo announce the passing of Jessie due to the effects of old age. She was clearly a huge character and no doubt her absence will be sorely felt.

Jessie was born 1978 and was Wellington Zoo’s oldest chimpanzee. She also now holds the record for their longest lived chimpanzee, beating the previous record of 40 years, set by her father when he died in 1990.

Jessie was peer-raised along with her sister, Jodie (1977); and Sam (1977). Another sibling of Jodie and Jessie (Jagger, born 1979) would have potentially joined this group, but died in infancy. The death of Tom allowed the merging of the hand-raised group with Bebe (1962-2003) and her two sons (Boyd and Marty).

Jessie never had any surviving offspring, but interestingly held a high ranking position due to her tendency to throw tantrums when she didn’t get her way. Reportedly, even the alpha male would scramble out the way.

I will miss seeing her on my visits.
 
Chimpanzee Weights

It was mentioned on socials this evening that Enzi (2015) at Monarto Safari Park is now the heaviest male in their chimpanzee troop at 74kg. That’s an impressive weight considering he’s eight, turning nine years old later this year. It comes as no surprise considering the size of his mother, Zombi (1993); and the build of the males in his paternal line. From photos, it’s clear Enzi’s sister Zuri is a decent size too.

Boyd (1978) and Gombe (1993) are small males. In 2006, they were recorded as 58.5kg and 52.0kg respectively; which was considerably lighter than Sam (1977) and his son, Temba (1994), who were then 73.0kg and 68.0kg respectively. I’ve previously suggested the fact that these four all descended from Tom, with Sam and Boyd having different mothers, that’s it’s possible that Tom and Yoka were Western chimpanzees; while Sam’s mother could have been a Central chimpanzee.
 
Enzi has really gotten to be a big boy this year. I visited today after a few months and even in that short time he has noticeably filled out— though he’d been the heaviest male for a while.
 
Enzi has really gotten to be a big boy this year. I visited today after a few months and even in that short time he has noticeably filled out— though he’d been the heaviest male for a while.

We can realistically expect him to continue growing over the next few years throughout adolescence. With the adult males aged 28, 31 and 46 years; it wouldn’t be surprising to see Enzi assume the alpha role within the next five years. From there, he’ll likely enjoy a long tenure with Happy too young to be a threat for many years; but close enough in age to prevent him from benefiting from Enzi ageing.

Confirmation of Zola and Happy’s paternity should give more clarity to predictions around the future of Monarto’s troop. Zombi and Hannah retaining their respective sons is about the only certainty; but conformation of our assumption Tsotsi sired Zola adds considerable weight to the argument of retaining Zola (and Hope) in favour of Zuri. That said, it also wouldn’t be surprising to see all three young females transfer out given their mothers will still have sons. Hannah will surely breed at least once more and unless Zola’s sire is Sandali, a fourth infant from Zombi may well follow (ideally before Enzi becomes established as the alpha male).

Though I’d like to be proved wrong, it seems unlikely Galatea will produce an infant at this point; and Lani will be breeding primarily for social reasons.
 
Pregnancy Announcement - Monarto Safari Park

Galatea is pregnant and due any day now! Fingers crossed this genetically valuable female will finally be successful in producing a healthy infant.

All going well, this infant will be the region’s first surviving infant for 2024.

Paws on board: baby boom at Monarto Safari Park - Monarto Safari Park

Senior Keeper, Laura Hanley, said 25-year-old Galatea is expecting any day now after she sadly lost her first infant during birth in March, 2022.

“We are all really excited for Gali, her pregnancy has progressed well she is starting to build huge nests in preparation for her birth,” Laura said.

“Galatea is very maternal towards nearly two-year-old Happy and can often be seen gently playing with him. The team are looking forward to meeting Galatea’s infant and seeing her thrive as a mum.
 
Last edited:
I have everything crossed, this would be so wonderful for her if it works out. Waiting with bated breath!

It’ll be fascinating to see the dynamics within the troop evolve with a third female hopefully having offspring within the troop; and the eventual aim of Lani also breeding.

The culture of Monarto’s troop reminds me of Wellington’s in that they’re a close knit troop, which is even more impressive considering the four adult females originate from three different natal troops.

Though Sandali is the obvious candidate for paternity, as with Lani’s infant, there remains the slim possibility it was sired by Enzi.
 
Galatea and Zombi came together from Burgers Zoo, so that relationship was already there, but I feel Zombi has the sort of personality to bring a group together regardless. It would be really beautiful to see the dynamic of Galatea with a baby… just hoping so hard it happens for her this time.
 
I'm crossing my fingers for Galatea too - given her genetic value, any baby of hers will be very valuable indeed, and she is such a sweetheart - I would love to see her on socials with her own baby!

We currently have 22 founders (living and deceased), which have surviving descendants in the region.

Upon the birth of a surviving infant, Galatea will become the 23rd.

1.0 Bobby (1950-1975) Taronga
0.1 Fifi (1947-2007) Taronga
1.0 Tom (1950-1990) Wellington
0.1 Yoka (1953-1979) Wellington
0.1 Lulu (1960-2014) Taronga
1.0 Sailor (1936-1966) Taronga/Melbourne
0.1 Biddy (1950-1989) Taronga
0.1 Susie (1948-1995) Taronga
1.0 Peter (1953-1994) Adelaide
0.1 Fimi (1965-2012) Adelaide/Hamilton
0.1 Mary (1956-1989) Taronga
0.1 Bessie (1950-2011) Taronga
0.1 Sarah (1959-1985) Wellington
0.1 Molly (1953-1981) Wellington/Melbourne
0.1 Sadie (1951-1980) Taronga
0.1 Koko (1972-2019) Melbourne/Taronga

1.0 Alon (2008 -) Rockhampton
0.1 Zombi (1993 -) Monarto
0.1 Hannah (1993 -) Taronga/Monarto
0.1 Leakey (1993 -) Rockhampton
0.1 Ceres (1990 -) Taronga
0.1 Naomi (2001 -) Taronga
 
Update on Wellington Zoo’s Troop

An update on Wellington Zoo’s troop, following the passing of Jessie. The note regarding the female chimpanzees spending more time outside in the afternoon since Jessie died is interesting.

I previously read that while housed in the old chimpanzee night house, the males would spend the afternoons outside; while the females went inside. I wondered if the previously high ratio of males in the 2000’s influenced this trend (with the females wanting some time away from them); but it appears Jessie (a high ranking female) was influential in leading this behaviour, with the other females choosing to spend time with her.

———————————

From socials:

It’s been six weeks since Jessie the Chimp peacefully passed away after 46-years at Te Nukuao Wellington Zoo, and we’d like to share an update on how the Chimp troop is doing.

The Chimpanzee grieving process tends to last around two weeks and can change depending on the status and age of the Chimp who passed away.

After Jessie’s passing, the troop was a little quieter than usual. This lasted a couple weeks before they returned to their normal, noisy selves.


The only longer-lasting change our Keepers have noticed, is that the older female Chimps are spending more time outside with the rest of the troop, instead of staying inside like they would have done when Jessie was still around.

———————————

1.0 Alexis (20/08/1998) Boyd x Cara
1.0 Bakari (11/06/2012) Sam x Sally
1.0 Kitwe (15/11/2014) Sam x Keza
1.0 Akida (01/11/2021) Alexis x Sally

0.1 Cara (10/09/1981) Unknown x Chiki
0.1 Samantha (25/12/1983) Unknown x Sutu
0.1 Sally (13/01/1985) Unknown x Spitter
0.1 Keza (06/07/1998) Marty x Samantha
0.1 Malika (27/10/2010) Sam x Samantha
 
Update on Wellington Zoo’s Troop

An update on Wellington Zoo’s troop, following the passing of Jessie. The note regarding the female chimpanzees spending more time outside in the afternoon since Jessie died is interesting.

I previously read that while housed in the old chimpanzee night house, the males would spend the afternoons outside; while the females went inside. I wondered if the previously high ratio of males in the 2000’s influenced this trend (with the females wanting some time away from them); but it appears Jessie (a high ranking female) was influential in leading this behaviour, with the other females choosing to spend time with her.

———————————

From socials:

It’s been six weeks since Jessie the Chimp peacefully passed away after 46-years at Te Nukuao Wellington Zoo, and we’d like to share an update on how the Chimp troop is doing.

The Chimpanzee grieving process tends to last around two weeks and can change depending on the status and age of the Chimp who passed away.

After Jessie’s passing, the troop was a little quieter than usual. This lasted a couple weeks before they returned to their normal, noisy selves.


The only longer-lasting change our Keepers have noticed, is that the older female Chimps are spending more time outside with the rest of the troop, instead of staying inside like they would have done when Jessie was still around.

———————————

1.0 Alexis (20/08/1998) Boyd x Cara
1.0 Bakari (11/06/2012) Sam x Sally
1.0 Kitwe (15/11/2014) Sam x Keza
1.0 Akida (01/11/2021) Alexis x Sally

0.1 Cara (10/09/1981) Unknown x Chiki
0.1 Samantha (25/12/1983) Unknown x Sutu
0.1 Sally (13/01/1985) Unknown x Spitter
0.1 Keza (06/07/1998) Marty x Samantha
0.1 Malika (27/10/2010) Sam x Samantha

This is interesting and signals a change in the troop dynamics. I wonder if Sally is the next likely candidate for dominant female?
 
This is interesting and signals a change in the troop dynamics. I wonder if Sally is the next likely candidate for dominant female?

Wellington’s troop have always had a complicated hierarchy.

Sally has actually been the alpha female for a number of years and is the favourite female of the alpha male, Alexis. She was regarded as the king-maker in his successful bid to take over the alpha position from Marty around five years ago.

Cara, as mother of the alpha male, would be expected to carry a high ranking position and she does; but Jessie’s role has always been ambiguous. Keepers told me on my last visit that in theory, Cara outranked Jessie; but none of them want to stand up to Jessie.

Jessie had a close relationship with Boyd, Marty and Sam, which elevated her status. Due to being hand-raised/peer raised, she learned enough social behaviour to assimilate into a predominantly mother raised troop; but would throw tantrums, which intimidated the others. It was reported even the alpha males would scramble out the way when she threw one of her fits.
 
Taronga Zoo - Paternity Results

My friend visited Taronga Zoo over the weekend and enquired about paternity of their two youngest chimpanzees.

Candidates for paternity were:

1.0 Shabani (1994)
1.0 Samaki (2001)
1.0 Furahi (2003)
1.0 Shikamoo (2003)
1.0 Sule (2008)
1.0 Fumo (2013)
1.0 Sudi (2014)
1.0 Liwali (2014)

Paternity results are as follows:

0.1 Lemba (born 23/05/2023 to Lisa) was sired by:

Sule

0.1 Cekiri (born 29/07/2023 to Ceres) was sired by:

Sule

Discussion:

Sule’s success continues!

Sule is now confirmed as the sire of the four youngest members of the community:

0.1 Safiri (16/05/2019) Sule x Shiba
1.0 Niambi (07/10/2020) Sule x Naomi
0.1 Lemba (23/05/2023) Sule x Lisa
0.1 Cekiri (29/07/2023) Sule x Ceres

I’m proud to say that both myself and @Jambo predicted these results from early on based on the visual appearance of the infants. We were both confident in ruling out Shiba’s three sons based on the wrinkled pink faces observed on infants in their line; with the dark pigmentation seen on Lemba suggesting a Sule; or Furahi/Fumo influence. Given Fumo’s confidence and ambition, I don’t think either of us would have been surprised had he been revealed to be the sire of one of these infants.

Unlike the previous two infants, where Sule’s success was attributed to luck; Sule is now the alpha male and therefore the prime candidate for any infants conceived under his reign. Within a historical context, there’s been a tendency to assign paternity to the alpha male; and while exceptions have been uncovered, it often holds true.

It’s great to see Sule flourishing in his role as alpha male, which has brought much needed stability to the community. The only thing to be mindful of is the representation of his line:

- Sule has 1.3 offspring at Taronga.

- Sule’s brother Shikamoo has 2.0 offspring at Taronga.

- Sule’s brother Sandali has 1.1 offspring at Monarto; with 1.1 awaiting paternity testing; and another due any day that would have been sired by either Sandali or his adolescent son (the only two reproductive males in the troop).

- Sule’s aunt Sally has 2.0 offspring at Wellington Zoo (comprising half the males in the troop), one of which is the obvious candidate for taking over the alpha role within the decade.

Lubutu was vasectomised in 2009, following confirmation he was the sire of all six surviving infants born between 2001 and 2008. It would similarly come as no surprise to see Sule vasectomsied in the future to increase the chances of Shabani, Samaki, Furahi and Liwali siring offspring. It’s unfortunate that Shabani, who is would be the most genetically valuable, is also the lowest ranked adult male and his chances of siring offspring are remote at this point.
 
Chimpanzee Transfers and Overseas Import

Hugely exciting news that a 12 year old female chimpanzee is soon to be imported from South Korea.

In addition, transfers between Rockhampton and Sydney Zoo will provide breeding opportunities for both troops, which could see Sydney Zoo breed for the first time. It’s great to see Alon and Leakey’s valuable genetics will now be put to use with other individuals within the region given they now have two offspring together.

Rockhampton Zoo announces important changes to chimpanzee troop

As part of a carefully considered plan, Rockhampton Zoo’s chimpanzees, Leakey and her three-year-old infant, Mzuri, will be transferred to Sydney Zoo. In their place, two female chimpanzees will join the Rockhampton troop in the near future.

Rockhampton Zoo will then welcome an 18-year-old female chimpanzee from Sydney Zoo soon after, with a 12-year-old female from Seoul joining the troop in the first half of next year.

———————————————

Rockhampton to Sydney:

0.1 Leakey (30/12/1994) Chuck x Lilli; Imported 2015
0.1 Mzuri (08/12/2021) Alon x Leakey

Sydney to Rockhampton:

0.1 Sile (03/07/2006) Unknown x Julchen; Imported 2019
 
Chimpanzee Transfers and Overseas Import

Hugely exciting news that a 12 year old female chimpanzee is soon to be imported from South Korea.

In addition, transfers between Rockhampton and Sydney Zoo will provide breeding opportunities for both troops, which could see Sydney Zoo breed for the first time. It’s great to see Alon and Leakey’s valuable genetics will now be put to use with other individuals within the region given they now have two offspring together.

Rockhampton Zoo announces important changes to chimpanzee troop


As part of a carefully considered plan, Rockhampton Zoo’s chimpanzees, Leakey and her three-year-old infant, Mzuri, will be transferred to Sydney Zoo. In their place, two female chimpanzees will join the Rockhampton troop in the near future.

Rockhampton Zoo will then welcome an 18-year-old female chimpanzee from Sydney Zoo soon after, with a 12-year-old female from Seoul joining the troop in the first half of next year.

———————————————

Rockhampton to Sydney:

0.1 Leakey (30/12/1994) Chuck x Lilli; Imported 2015
0.1 Mzuri (08/12/2021) Alon x Leakey

Sydney to Rockhampton:

0.1 Sile (03/07/2006) Unknown x Julchen; Imported 2019
Huge moves upcoming for both facilities! Thought I'd offer some insight into the upcoming moves.

Going back a few years, there was recognition that Rockhampton was in need of new females following Holly's passing and Samantha being removed from the breeding program (due to her miscarriages). It was also acknowledged additional males would be required as well with Cassius ageing.

International importing was considered but not supported, so individuals within the region were the only theoretical options at the time. The initial plan was to acquire another male and three females. The male was to arrive first with two females following in year intervals. The final female would then be added (if required) a little further down the line. This was also taking into account the future transfers of both Capri and Mzuri out, and Leakey only potentially breeding once or twice more due to her age.

Jerry was the perfect candidate for Rockhampton, being a middle aged, submissive natured male who was also castrated (which wouldn't interfere with Alon's breeding). Although introductions initially progressed well, a roadblock was hit upon his introduction to Leakey who showed high levels of aggression towards him. Keepers aren't willing to risk any serious, potentially fatal injuries, as Jerry doesn't fight back. It's believed Leakey perceives Jerry as a female, due to him being castrated and his placid nature. He's also since adopted young Gandali too. She also allows him to interact with young Mzuri; so that obviously rules out any concerns of him being a physical threat. It's therefore likely she perceives him as more of a social threat.

As a result, Leakey has been separated with her youngest infant, Mzuri, for a while now. She hasn't reacted well to this change, so a move is essential as housing her in a pair with her infant isn't feasible long term for her welfare.

Over at Sydney, their troop is deemed to be the ideal destination for Leakey and Mzuri. The troop is demographically older, and the individuals themselves are some of the most relaxed chimps. Disputes and aggression are rare, so there's confidence Leakey and Mzuri will be able to integrate well. Being an entirely new troop with new individuals, Leakey shouldn't display the same aggression towards them. The males are also mostly older and gentle natured, so there's confidence in that aspect that they'll look after Leakey. Having an infant in Sydney's troop is also something that a lot of keepers are looking forward too. Being a group on the older side, it's hoped this will also benefit them socially.

With Leakey leaving, the previous plan I outlined before has had to be modified and two females will now be acquired (one from Sydney and one from Korea), as mentioned. Their arrivals will hopefully help balance out the social structure (which will otherwise be without an adult female), and this will also hopefully help them integrate seamlessly.

These two younger females will get the opportunity to breed with Alon, providing complacency for Rockhampton's troop long term. Having two babies at once will also be quite beneficial for the troop who's had some misfortunes in that aspect in the past. The two females being acquired are also unrelated to the rest of the regions breeding population, so pairing them up with Alon (another valuable male), will present more desirable genetically valuable offspring for the region in the future.

Being younger, these females will also be able to breed for a longer period (compared to Leakey). It's hoped Alon will also benefit socially, finally getting the chance to interact with chimps his age. They'll be introduced to Alon when cycling, to guarantee positive interactions from the beginning.

In regards to introductions, the female from Sydney (Sile) already knows Jerry, so it's hoped this will help with her introductions to the troop. She's a very placid female. The female from Korea is also very relaxed by nature, and her age will also hopefully prevent any negative introductions, coming in as a submissive female to a troop with a relatively youthful demographic.

On the genetics side of things, Alon and Leakey are also related so two infants are sufficient. Being the offspring of two founders, it's also essential Leakey's genetic line is diversified; she'll get this opportunity at Sydney.

In regards to the timeline, Leakey and Mzuri will be swapped with Sile hopefully before the end of this year, assuming all goes well. The female from Seoul will also hopefully arrive in the first half of 2025. She will be quarantined in Adelaide, along with a male that Sydney will be obtaining to become their new breeding male.
 
Back
Top