Big-Spending American Zoos

snowleopard

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Is there any other nation on earth that has more mega-budget zoos than the U.S.A.? The staggering amount of money being spent on animal exhibits in American zoos has led to a discussion in relation to the generally thrifty, privately-owned and cash-strapped British zoos on a photo thread. Here in Canada there is not a lot of money available for funding of local zoos (except for perhaps Toronto and maybe Calgary), and the same applies in countless countries around the world. However, in the United States there are many zoos that have either private sponsors, neighbouring philanthropists, bonding accountability, taxpayer input and a wealth of financial resources to create world-class exhibits.

There are tens of millions of dollars spent on zoos in America, and it has become normal for major zoos to spend $40-60 million on a new exhibit complex. That sort of cash is simply unheard of in most nations, and so why is it that American zoos have public backing in the form of taxing the public? How can other zoos across the rest of the world even begin to compete with the mega-complexes that represent the zoological industry of the United States? That statement is not meant to suggest that the U.S.A. has the best zoos in the world, but one can definitely design and create fantastic animal exhibits for tens of millions of dollars. How do other nations get away with operating zoos for a tenth of the price? Are American zoos squandering vast sums of money? Many questions to debate...:)

I copied and pasted this excerpt (by myself) from a discussion on a photo from the financially-strapped Welsh Mountain Zoo:

No wonder there is a general consensus (by most British ZooChatters) that Chester Zoo is the #1 zoo in all of the United Kingdom. It comes down to money for world-class exhibitry, and I've been following the various threads on "Heart of Africa" with some interest because Chester comes across as a big-budget, mega-complex zoo in comparison to many of the "duct tape and super glue" collections that dot the British zoological landscape. (even "zoogiraffe" agreed with me on that one)

This is only a partial list of the probably 100 or more projects that have cost in the tens of millions of dollars in American zoos:

In the United States recently there has been an incredible amount of expenditure: $45 million spent on Elephant Odyssey at the San Diego Zoo (somewhat infamously); $45 million spent just on elephants at the National Zoo (opens in 2011); the Houston Zoo is spending around $50 million on an African complex; the Los Angeles Zoo has spent probably $200 million in the past decade on a variety of exhibits; Miami Metrozoo just opened Amazon & Beyond last December and that cost $50 million; Russia's Grizzly Coast at the Minnesota Zoo cost about $30 million; Denver is spending $50 million on Asian Tropics; the Oregon Zoo has a $125 million bond for elephants, polar bears and chimpanzees; Fort Worth Zoo spent $60 million on Texas Wild!; the Woodland Park Zoo just spent $24 million on penguins, an indoor playground called Zoomazium and a new entry; the Bronx Zoo's Congo Gorilla Forest is rumored to have cost close to $50 million in 1999 dollars, and of course Disney's Animal Kingdom cost in excess of 1 billion to construct.
 
For comparison, some recent UK zoo exhibits and cost:


Big-value projects:


London Zoo: Animal Adventure Children's Zoo: £3.2m (BBC NEWS | UK | England | London | Pupils design London Zoo exhibit)

London Zoo: Blackburn Pavilion - renovation of Victorian Bird House: £2.5m (BBC NEWS | UK | England | London | London Zoo's new bird enclosure)

London Zoo: Gorilla Kingom: £5.3m (BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | 'Gorilla kingdom' opens in London - where did the money go??)

Twycross Zoo: Entrance building, visitor centre, gift shop, cafe, Snow Leopard exhibit and wetland birds aviary (under construction): £7m (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/leicestershire/7989739.stm)

Chester Zoo: Elephants of the Asian Forest: £3m - building only, paddock was pre-existing (BBC NEWS | UK | England | Merseyside | New home for zoo's nine elephants, ZooLex Exhibit)

Chester Zoo: Realm of the Red Ape: £3.7m (ZooLex Exhibit)

Chester Zoo: Spirit of the Jaguar: £2m (ZooLex Exhibit - not particularly recent, but an interesting case as it was fully funded by the Jaguar car company)

Edinburgh Zoo: Budongo chimp exhibit: £5.65m (BBC NEWS | UK | Scotland | Edinburgh, East and Fife | Exotic chimpanzee enclosure opens)

Colchester Zoo: Orang-Utan Forest: £1.75m (Future Projects)


And a couple of more run-of-mill ones:

Chester Zoo: Miniature Monkeys: £181,928 (ZooLex Exhibit)

Highland WP: Transfer of Mercedes the Polar Bear from the sister zoo at Edinburgh £75,000 (which had to be funded by a public appeal - BBC NEWS | UK | Scotland | Edinburgh, East and Fife | Bear necessity to move Mercedes)

Colchester Zoo: Amur Leopard exhibit (under construction): 'over £100,000' (Future Projects)


I did try to find the costs for the Sealions Rock exhibit at the Welsh Mountain Zoo as that's the last big project of the zoo that kicked all this off - I seem to recall it was about £500,000 but that's from memory.

It seems Budongo's £5.65m makes it the most expensive UK zoo exhibit of recent times. For comparison, that's about US$9.4m. (I'm not sure about counting the Twycross developments as most of that money is going on infrastructure ratehr than the animal exhibits)
 
Not as impressive as the US ones but


new Artica project Hamburg: budget 20 milj euro


Yukon Bay Hannover: 22 mil euro

Zoo Leipzig Gondwanaland 60 milj


so not as impressive as in the US but I think in general that the German zoos can get into the same league as the ones on the other side of the Atlantic.
 
@Maguari: thanks for the informative links!

It seems as if many British zoos open new animal exhibits at a fraction of the cost of their American counterparts, and no wonder I have made many comments in the past about basic wood and wire structures in the ZooChat gallery.:) The same applies at my local zoo (Greater Vancouver Zoo) where there are simplistic hoofstock paddocks and ugly chain-link fencing for the carnivores. If I drive 2.5 hours south (5 hours roundtrip) then I come to Seattle's Woodland Park Zoo, which in 2003 opened Jaguar Cove for $4 million and just this year unveiled their $6.5 million Humboldt penguin exhibit.

I would argue that in general, as there will always be exceptions to every rule, that a zoo can get more "bang for its buck" with a solid financial footing and the ability to spend mega-dollars on lavish exhibits. The Woodland Park Zoo's annual budget for 2010 is $30 million, and that is just to run the zoo and allow for a small amount of cash for minor improvements. If they go ahead with their plan to construct a new "Asian Zone" for sumatran tigers, sloth bears and sun bears then that will surely cost an obscene amount of cash. These days even small buildings can set a zoo back a couple of million dollars.

Seeing loads of photos of the Budongo exhibit at the Edinburgh Zoo leads me to suggest that often spending lots of money equals a brilliant animal habitat. Chester Zoo spent $4 million U.S. dollars and they ended up with an impressive pair of jaguar exhibits, while other zoos spend barely anything but then have junky enclosures with chain-link fencing obscuring the animals. San Diego's "Elephant Odyssey" and London Zoo's "Gorilla Kingdom" are high-profile misfires in the eyes of many, but the millions spent just on gorilla habitats in American zoos (San Diego, Atlanta, Lincoln Park, Dallas, Disney, Bronx) means that the final product often justifies the cost.

With many American zoos supported via local communities and taxpayers then the big guns of the zoo world can basically open an exhibit that costs millions every couple of years. Canadian, British and many other national zoos around the world are not even in the same league when it comes to financial stability, although many zoos have struggled a little during the recent economic recession. However, some German, Spanish and Dutch zoos have spent millions in recent memory on huge complexes and pavilions, while Taronga Zoo in Sydney, Australia, has spent a staggering amount of money over the past 15 years.
 
For further comparison, Zoo Boise opened their African Plains exhibit with giraffes, lions, servals, hyrax, bat-eared fox, and several birds and reptiles for just around 2.5 million, approximately a third of what Woodland Park Zoo spent on an exhibit for penguins.
 
The sloth bear exhibit at Whipsnade cost £85,000.
Personally I'd rather money be spent entirely on the animals than "window dressing", and I think that's really why British exhibits are cheaper. An example is Budongo as it doesn't try and immerse visitors in fake plants etc, but it's still a great exhibit and it's a lot cheaper than US ones.
 
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I will point out that while British zoos do not frivolously spend tens of millions of pounds every few years, we still have many world-class exhibits - just because the funds are available, does not mean they are necessary.
 
I will point out that while British zoos do not frivolously spend tens of millions of pounds every few years, we still have many world-class exhibits - just because the funds are available, does not mean they are necessary.

I would like to say that I agree with this entirely!
 
I will point out that while British zoos do not frivolously spend tens of millions of pounds every few years, we still have many world-class exhibits

Name one. Even the best of Chester's megaexhibits, or Budongo, or Gorilla Kingdom etc. don't hold a candle to the quality/excitement/impact of many of the big developments happening in Holland, Germany, Switzerland, the US and even in Spain. The plans for major new projects in Bristol and Chester hold promise, but I'd argue nothing in the UK is now in the same league as things like Masoala, Congo Gorilla Forest, Burger's Desert, Etosha House, Pongoland, Taman Indah, Gondwanaland, Tiger River, Kitum Cave etc., etc.
 
Budongo and ROTRA are still damn good though, I'd argue the latter is world class in the way it lets the orangs behave and brachiate (sp?). Same goes for Budongo.
 
Name one. Even the best of Chester's megaexhibits, or Budongo, or Gorilla Kingdom etc. don't hold a candle to the quality/excitement/impact of many of the big developments happening in Holland, Germany, Switzerland, the US and even in Spain. The plans for major new projects in Bristol and Chester hold promise, but I'd argue nothing in the UK is now in the same league as things like Masoala, Congo Gorilla Forest, Burger's Desert, Etosha House, Pongoland, Taman Indah, Gondwanaland, Tiger River, Kitum Cave etc., etc.

OK, I'll bite - of your list I've seen Masoala, Burger's Desert, Etosha House, Pongoland and Taman Indah so I've got an idea of the quality you're looking for. One thing I would ask you to note is that I don't consider scale a factor in a 'world-class exhibit' (though I invite debate on this!).

As such, I'd certainly nominate:

Living Coasts' main aviary - probably the best seabird exhibit I've seen. Waders, seaducks, penguins, cormorants, terns, the little separate walkthrough with auks and kittiwakes - a really good exhibit.

Chester's Twilight Zone - in terms of public reaction, I've never seen a better bat exhibit. Three species of bat, fish in the pools and tanks and small mammals in the entrance area. Helpful presenters who answer questions well but do not intrude on the experience (as can happen with staff monitoring walkthroughs). Excellent.



I would also put Budongo and Realm of the Red Ape in with a shout as well, along with Highland's main reserve (cheating a bit as it's really just a fenced off bit of Scottish moor!), Bristol's Seal and Penguin Coasts and probably a few others that I'll think of as soon as I submit this post!
 
OK, I'll bite - of your list I've seen Masoala, Burger's Desert, Etosha House, Pongoland and Taman Indah so I've got an idea of the quality you're looking for. One thing I would ask you to note is that I don't consider scale a factor in a 'world-class exhibit' (though I invite debate on this!).

As such, I'd certainly nominate:

Living Coasts' main aviary - probably the best seabird exhibit I've seen. Waders, seaducks, penguins, cormorants, terns, the little separate walkthrough with auks and kittiwakes - a really good exhibit.

Chester's Twilight Zone - in terms of public reaction, I've never seen a better bat exhibit. Three species of bat, fish in the pools and tanks and small mammals in the entrance area. Helpful presenters who answer questions well but do not intrude on the experience (as can happen with staff monitoring walkthroughs). Excellent.



I would also put Budongo and Realm of the Red Ape in with a shout as well, along with Highland's main reserve (cheating a bit as it's really just a fenced off bit of Scottish moor!), Bristol's Seal and Penguin Coasts and probably a few others that I'll think of as soon as I submit this post!

I agree the Living Coast's aviary is excellent, and Seal and Penguin Coast is very good (thought the cottages in every viewline kind of negate any sense of immersion in the wild!).

I haven't been to Chester, so I'm committing what many here view as a mortal sin and "judging" them based only on photos. On that basis, I would say they are clearly excellent enclosures/living spaces for the animals, but don't quite measure up in terms of the public experience/habitat versimilitude (which I realize is not important in the eyes of many Zoochatters--but it is for me).
 
Being pedantic now, but seal and penguin coasts is meant to be a dock, hence why the houses were left in view. Says so on zoolex :p
 
I haven't been to Chester, so I'm committing what many here view as a mortal sin and "judging" them based only on photos. On that basis, I would say they are clearly excellent enclosures/living spaces for the animals, but don't quite measure up in terms of the public experience/habitat versimilitude (which I realize is not important in the eyes of many Zoochatters--but it is for me).

Actually, to my mind the biggest issue with Realm of the Red Ape is that it tries to be naturalistic when at its heart it's not that kind of exhibit. So you're left with a weird half-way house. Budongo has a better aesthetic feel because the building makes no apologies about being a building.


EDIT: Incidentally, I don't think there's anything wrong with making judgments based on photos so long as you bear in mind that that's what you're doing, and that there are likely to be things you can't see.
 
Name one. Even the best of Chester's megaexhibits, or Budongo, or Gorilla Kingdom etc. don't hold a candle to the quality/excitement/impact of many of the big developments happening in Holland, Germany, Switzerland, the US and even in Spain. The plans for major new projects in Bristol and Chester hold promise, but I'd argue nothing in the UK is now in the same league as things like Masoala, Congo Gorilla Forest, Burger's Desert, Etosha House, Pongoland, Taman Indah, Gondwanaland, Tiger River, Kitum Cave etc., etc.

Seeing as you appear to have a fondness for lists, here's a few British exhibits which I consider "world-class": Budongo (not meant to be a rainforest but great for animals and visitor viewing), ROTRA (easily better than the new exhibit at LA and, from what I've seen, the one being built at Oregon), Elephant's of the Asian Forest (one of the best visitor-accessed elephant houses in the world), BUG's, PL's African Experience, Marwell's African Valley (simply for the scale), Twilight Zone, Spirit of the Jaguar (particularly the indoor rainforest exhibit), Chester's Andean Bear exhibit and Jersey's Cloud Forest, Paignton's orangutan islands (in my opinion, only bettered by singapore - and that's got the climate), Monkey Islands and Miniature Monkeys, Seal and Penguin Coast, and in terms of aviaries, Living Coasts, Durrell's Jewels of the forest, and Chester's Europe on the Edge and Condor Cliffs.

I'm sure other members can contribute with more which I've forgotten.
 
BUGS (or Web of Life) is a good call, actually. That's a fascinating house with plenty of visitor interaction in all the best ways.

I did think of the Chester bear exhibit but shied away on the grounds that although it is excellent, it's excellent because it's based on the superb exhibit for the same species at Zurich.
 
BUGS (or Web of Life) is a good call, actually. That's a fascinating house with plenty of visitor interaction in all the best ways.

I did think of the Chester bear exhibit but shied away on the grounds that although it is excellent, it's excellent because it's based on the superb exhibit for the same species at Zurich.

I last visited London shortly after BUGS - or Web of Life as it was then - opened and thought it was the best thing there, it really is a superb and very interesting exhibit.

And, yes, Chester's bear exhibit does take a lot of ideas from Zurich, but if it produces what is possibly my favourite enclosure in the UK then who am I to judge.
 
And, yes, Chester's bear exhibit does take a lot of ideas from Zurich, but if it produces what is possibly my favourite enclosure in the UK then who am I to judge.

Can't argue with that! :)
 
Does anyone else feel though that £30,000,000 is a ridiculous amount to spend on a zoo exhibit? That sort of money could save half of Sumatra!
 
Ash is right. Better a cheaper exhibit what is good for the animal and use the money on the projects for the wild animals!
 
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