Male groups.
The oldest European bachelor group is Loro Parc, Tenerife, which has a group of seven Silverback males. It was set up around 15 years ago in 1995 when they were mostly juvenile/blackbacks. Five of them have been together all the time since, two joined more recently. Most of them were handraised and there's very little chance of those EVER leaving this group. One male, 'Yuoande' who was mother -raised, did move to the Vallee de Singes in France where he is a breeding male with many offspring, but the spectacular 'Ivo', who also left this group some years ago to join Amsterdam's breeding group, and then transferred to Berlin has never bred.(he was a handraised male though)
Port Lympne's oldest group of males have been together almost as long, since about 1997. Five still live together as silverbacks but the sixth had to be permanently seperated after some fighting. They had a couple of other adult males which lived longterm in pairs as well. The five Silverbacks that live together are being sent to Rhenen Zoo in the autumn, to continue living as a male group. Its possible one or more could later leave to join a breeding group if a place becomes available somewhere in Europe.
The other bachelor groups in Europe are at;
Opole and Warsaw- Poland.
Schmiding-Austria
Beekes Bergen-Holland
La Boissiere-France
Valencia-Spain.
These are all smaller and more recent than Loro Parc or Port Lympne, so the members are rather younger, but its likely they will be permanent fixtures, at least for some of the most genetically well represented and/or handraised members. There's only so many places available for new breeding males, usually on the infrequent occassions when a male dies or a zoo sets up a new group.
What effect does longterm male grouping have? It depends on the individual animals, their background and the length of time involved. Oumbie at Twycross has demonstrated that even mother-raised males kept for a long time (in his case 10 years) in male-only groups can have a difficult time re-adapting to being with females.