Blackbrook Zoo
Winter housing of flamingos is probably best practice, but in the UK they can do well left outside if the water doesn't freeze. I'm almost cetain the mixed flock of Chilean & Caribbean at Rode Tropical Bird Gardens were not housed at all, and they bred well over many years. The same may apply to the Cricket St Thomas flock. I know a private collection where four sorts [ie all except James' & Andean] are out all year round, and I believe at least two of the bigger forms have reared young. Lessers have not, and these are the most doubtful for leaving out; I get the impression they are the least tolerant of cold weather. A group of Chileans added to this collection some years ago had actually bred and reared one young as a flock of only six birds, which confounds another general rule of flamingo husbandry, that small flocks don't breed. I'm not of course advocating small, mixed or entirely outdoor flocks, but it's interesting the variety of conditions any given group of animals will do well under; I'm sure husbandry is the deciding factor.