Monarto Safari Park Hyenas at Monarto

Swanson02

Well-Known Member
Moderator note: topic split from this thread: Monarto Safari Park News 2022 [Monarto Safari Park]


If I remember correctly, Thandiwe the Hyena is going to be transferred to Altina to breed there. Apparently with Hyena's, personality matches are very important and they believe dominant Thandiwe will be good for the little fella at Altina.

The keeper said that Monarto want to organize a switch with Sydney for all three of their Hyenas in exchange for 2-3 of Monarto's, she didn't mention which Hyenas though.

Monarto also hope to import more unrelated hyena from South Africa as Altina did.
 
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Part 2 I guess :)

Disclaimer - I'll include an asterisk * next to all information the keepers admitted they themselves, were speculating a bit on.

After spending some time exploring the new visitor center we got on one of the tour buses and drove along the new route. Unfortunately, the new route as shown on the park map has to cover a lot of distance without much to see. We were told by the volunteer tour guide that Monarto plans to fill the area with a few new exhibits eventually. The first animals we saw were the Addax, Barbary sheep, and Scimitar oryx, both the oryx and addax have been breeding like rabbits so there are a lot of young calves and yearlings about.

After that, we got off the bus at the 'Outpost' (the old visitor center), observed some meerkats, and tried to see the porcupines. I've been to Monarto twice a year on average every year since they got porcupines and have never seen them once :(, they are always in their burrow, at this point I've resigned myself to never seeing them. We then walked down the track and saw the Yellow-footed rock-wallaby in their walkthrough exhibit. Next, it was the chimpanzees, active as usual and hooting loudly. Hope and Zola have a very strong connection, playing together constantly. We stayed until the keeper talk, where I got to ask her a few questions after (Thank you @Zoofan15 for providing). The keeper was very enthusiastic and super helpful.
Here's the information I got
  • Galatea's infant was unfortunately stillborn, possibly due to heart-related stuff*
  • Galatea is currently on contraceptives to allow her body to rest, they plan on taking her off them around 6 months after she gave birth and trying once more. The keeper said that Galatea is "better with the boys now" so should fall pregnant easier the second time around*. Maybe she was shy in prior years?
  • Hannah is currently off contraception and has been for a few months, Monarto got a recommendation to breed with her again, its possible she could already be pregnant*.
  • Monarto plans to breed with Lani after both Galatea and Hannah have fallen pregnant. I was told they don't want too many pregnant chimps or newborns at once.
  • The keeper team wants Zuri to remain at Monarto as they believe she would make a good head female one day, like her mother Zombi. It all depends on the coordinator's recommendations though. From the sounds of it, the coordinator is no longer at Monarto so maybe that coordinator listings page is outdated?
  • Lastly, when they are old enough Monarto plans to send Hope and Zola away as a pair. The keeper speculated it would be to either Sydney or a zoo in NZ* (she didn't specify which one).
After we visited the Chimpanzees we went back to the old visitor center which is now being transformed into a Murray river conservation education center. It has a lot of educational games and boards for kids, and a few small tactile native animals like shingle-back lizards, stick insects, and more will also be added.

After that we boarded the bus again, our first exhibit was the Przewalski's horses, the exhibit contained Monarto's bachelor herd of 4. This was followed by the American Bison and Red Deer exhibit. I assume the red deer have been breeding as there were a lot more of them than there were a year ago (maybe Monarto received more). We then drove past the two black rhino exhibits, the new one is enormous. I hope to see a mother and calf running around in there one day (more about Black Rhino later). We then drove into the shared Blackbuck and Mesopotamian fallow deer exhibit, the Blackbuck having been breeding like crazy. We watched the male attempt to breed with a female which had a few-week-old calf in tow, I don't know how Monarto keep track of Blackbuck births and genetics (if they even bother). After that was the waterhole -
  • We were told one of the Giraffe was heavily pregnant (I don't know which one)
The bus then continued on to the White Rhino where we jumped off. I spoke to a keeper there, he was a bit of a rude old grumpy fella and seemed unwilling to answer some of my questions. Here's the information I got
  • The large hippo dam is done and has been test-filled with water, he thought Monarto could hold 4-6 hippos initially* but will likely expand it further at a later date
  • The hippos will unfortunately be solely in Wild Africa, which will mean visitors will have to pay more to see them (I think this is very unfortunate).
  • Wild Africa won't just be bookings, they'll offer tours every day to visitors. Essentially Monarto will have two tour formats, Wild Africa (paid) and the normal zoo bus tour (free after entry).
  • He told me about Monarto's plans for 30 white rhinos, some in Wild Africa, some on exhibit, and some behind the scenes, he was frustrated with delays at Orana (a bit rude about it). Apparently, they have bookmarked a fair portion of the rhinos in South Africa and are waiting on Orana to complete the quarantine facility.
  • Monarto has apparently been searching for female South Central Black Rhinos for a while now, both in the US/Europe and in Southern Africa. Apparently, it's been a hard search, he said if they can't tack one or two onto the White Rhino S.A import, a Black Rhino cow import will have to wait until after the majority of White Rhinos are here*.
After spending time with ol' grumpy, we boarded back onto a bus and unfortunately sped through the cheetahs. We did briefly see the cubs playing in a heap of Rhino dung. We then jumped off again for the carnivore talk. I was amazed by how intelligent the hyenas were. After that, I got to chat for ages with a really nice and energetic carnivore keeper. Here is the info I got from her
  • If I remember correctly, Thandiwe the Hyena is going to be transferred to Altina to breed there. Apparently with Hyena's, personality matches are very important and they believe dominant Thandiwe will be good for the little fella at Altina.
  • The keeper said that Monarto want to organize a switch with Sydney for all three of their Hyenas in exchange for 2-3 of Monarto's, she didn't mention which Hyenas though.
  • Monarto also hope to import more unrelated hyena from South Africa as Altina did
  • Makena the lion has just been put off contraceptives and they hope she will fall pregnant soon
  • She also mentioned that Monarto still wishes to import more ungulates, especially Sable antelope and Impala for both Wild Africa and main exhibits, it's just covid and the import situation has made things hard
  • Lastly elephants*, we went on for ages about them. Apparently, gossip about elephants has been traveling around the staff rooms at Monarto since Samorn died and is constantly joked about. Apparently, the board continuously flips and flops on elephants almost on a monthly basis. She believes they will eventually get elephants as they "feel like the pinnacle, the final piece to Monarto's puzzle", but admitted they were a long way off.
  • She also stated that Monarto would want their founding herd, be it either bachelor or breeding to be a minimum of 3+ elephants*. When they do hold elephants again she said Monarto wants to approach them extremely carefully as Samorn left South Australia in a poor state and Monarto doesn't want to risk being scrutinized for returning them to SA in a way the general public may perceive as cruel. Even if it is an older bull who can live alone. She also liked my idea of a bachelor herd but hadn't heard it rumored before. The last time I was at Monarto I was told by a male keeper that a bachelor herd had been rumored, all I can say is I'd love to sit it on a staff lunch at Monarto :D.
Anyway, I hope some of this information is new to zoochat and not all already known, remember much of it is speculation from the keepers and myself so should be taken with a bucket of salt. If anyone has any questions feel free to ask :)

I'll be interested to see which three hyena are exchanged with Sydney Zoo. Presumably the two youngest males (Jaali and Majani) given they're related to all the females at Monarto and live separately. A clash between the two younger females (Fahari and Mahali) could see one of them join them; while the other is retained for breeding. With Thandiwe out the way, it would allow a subordinate female to rise up breed within the pack.

I will tag @akasha and @WhistlingKite24 who may wish to update their population threads with your info. I will update my elephant and hippopotamus thread later today with this update.
 
Thanidwe is related to both males at Altina (so they won't be a breeding pair), and I assume she'll be paired with the male that isn't currently paired with Malika. In regards to the swap for the Sydney males, they have four males at Monarto (none of which will be breeding if the Sydney males arrive), so maybe all four will be sent; or at least the younger three, Mkoko, Jaali and Majani.
 
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  • If I remember correctly, Thandiwe the Hyena is going to be transferred to Altina to breed there. Apparently with Hyena's, personality matches are very important and they believe dominant Thandiwe will be good for the little fella at Altina.
  • The keeper said that Monarto want to organize a switch with Sydney for all three of their Hyenas in exchange for 2-3 of Monarto's, she didn't mention which Hyenas though.
  • Monarto also hope to import more unrelated hyena from South Africa as Altina did


I wonder if Thandiwe is actually going to Mogo to pair with the South African import Cheka that was transferred from Altina? She is related to both the males at Altina.

Good to hear that the Sydney males might end up in a breeding situation.
 
I wonder if Thandiwe is actually going to Mogo to pair with the South African import Cheka that was transferred from Altina? She is related to both the males at Altina.

Good to hear that the Sydney males might end up in a breeding situation.

That would make sense given Altina already have a potential breeding pair and Mogo Zoo hold the most genetically valuable male in the region (who is currently living alone).

It’ll be interesting to see if the Sydney males go there to breed with the females or in anticipation of new females arriving in the upcoming import. I had wondered if the Sydney males were already related to the Monarto pack given their shared Singapore ancestry.
 
I wonder if Thandiwe is actually going to Mogo to pair with the South African import Cheka that was transferred from Altina? She is related to both the males at Altina.

Good to hear that the Sydney males might end up in a breeding situation.

I apologize, you are right. Thandiwe will be going to Mogo to breed there. I think I got confused as you say Cheka was from Altina. It is hard to remember everything you get from a keeper in a 15-minute conversation where you can't write in your notes until after :). I guarantee there is some information I forgot to write down that I hopefully will remember in the future. The Carnivore keeper also kept mentioning that pairings with hyenas are nowhere near as easy as they are with lions or wild dogs. The female quite usually will reject or even kill the male if they are unhappy. apparently, Thandiwe being a hyper-dominant female will actually improve the odds that her future pairing will be successful.

That would make sense given Altina already have a potential breeding pair and Mogo Zoo hold the most genetically valuable male in the region (who is currently living alone).
It’ll be interesting to see if the Sydney males go there to breed with the females or in anticipation of new females arriving in the upcoming import. I had wondered if the Sydney males were already related to the Monarto pack given their shared Singapore ancestry.

She also said Monarto definitely wants to import more hyenas, when I mentioned Altina, she said they were what inspired Monarto's carnivore team to start planning an import from South Africa. Personally, I'd love another Hyena import but in the immediate future, I'd rather ZoosSA as an organization focus on other species which have even less regional genetic diversity like Brazilian tapir, Black Rhino, Pygmy Hippo, Mandrill, and Maned Wolves (a species I think would suit Monarto very well). But I'd take any import even if it was more meerkats.

The keeper just mentioned that Monarto wants to organize a switch for all 3 of Sydney's males. She mentioned she had actually visited Sydney a few times for some wild dog-related stuff and had actually met all three of their boys while there. If they are indeed related via Singapore I hope they don't go ahead with a swap, too many of our species are inbred we don't want to add another one to the list. Saying that isn't Gamba and Forest both from Kruger initially? I don't think they were born in Singapore?
 
The keeper just mentioned that Monarto wants to organize a switch for all 3 of Sydney's males. She mentioned she had actually visited Sydney a few times for some wild dog-related stuff and had actually met all three of their boys while there. If they are indeed related via Singapore I hope they don't go ahead with a swap, too many of our species are inbred we don't want to add another one to the list. Saying that isn't Gamba and Forest both from Kruger initially? I don't think they were born in Singapore?

Gamba was born 2003 at Singapore Zoo. He was imported with four other hyena in 2007 - which included Kigali (born 1997 at Kruger), Piltengi (born 2004 at Singapore) and Mwenka. Kigali gave birth to Forest at Monarto Zoo in 2007.

It appears Singapore Zoo made an import from Kruger that they subsequently bred offspring from. It’s reasonably likely that while some were exported to Monarto Zoo, others were retained by Singapore Zoo and subsequently produced the three males now at Sydney Zoo.

Depending on the number of hyena imported by Monarto, it’s possible they’re unrelated. I’d hope they are as imports are on the horizon and there’s no need to inbreed.
 
That would make sense given Altina already have a potential breeding pair and Mogo Zoo hold the most genetically valuable male in the region (who is currently living alone).

It’ll be interesting to see if the Sydney males go there to breed with the
I apologize, you are right. Thandiwe will be going to Mogo to breed there. I think I got confused as you say Cheka was from Altina. It is hard to remember everything you get from a keeper in a 15-minute conversation where you can't write in your notes until after :). I guarantee there is some information I forgot to write down that I hopefully will remember in the future. The Carnivore keeper also kept mentioning that pairings with hyenas are nowhere near as easy as they are with lions or wild dogs. The female quite usually will reject or even kill the male if they are unhappy. apparently, Thandiwe being a hyper-dominant female will actually improve the odds that her future pairing will be successful.



She also said Monarto definitely wants to import more hyenas, when I mentioned Altina, she said they were what inspired Monarto's carnivore team to start planning an import from South Africa. Personally, I'd love another Hyena import but in the immediate future, I'd rather ZoosSA as an organization focus on other species which have even less regional genetic diversity like Brazilian tapir, Black Rhino, Pygmy Hippo, Mandrill, and Maned Wolves (a species I think would suit Monarto very well). But I'd take any import even if it was more meerkats.

The keeper just mentioned that Monarto wants to organize a switch for all 3 of Sydney's males. She mentioned she had actually visited Sydney a few times for some wild dog-related stuff and had actually met all three of their boys while there. If they are indeed related via Singapore I hope they don't go ahead with a swap, too many of our species are inbred we don't want to add another one to the list. Saying that isn't Gamba and Forest both from Kruger initially? I don't think they were born in Singapore?
That’s okay, it is hard to remember every detail. I just knew that Mogo were getting a female, so it made sense it would be Thandiwe :)
Forest’s mother Kigali came from Kruger via Singapore. Gamba came from Singapore, he may have been wild born, I’m not sure.
The Sydney boys were born in Singapore in 2013, their parents are Karoi and Dots.
 
That’s okay, it is hard to remember every detail. I just knew that Mogo were getting a female, so it made sense it would be Thandiwe :)
Forest’s mother Kigali came from Kruger via Singapore. Gamba came from Singapore, he may have been wild born, I’m not sure.
The Sydney boys were born in Singapore in 2013, their parents are Karoi and Dots.

As I mentioned in my post above, Gamba was born 2003 at Singapore Zoo. One of the imported females bred in quarantine, which indicates she was probably suppressed by a more dominant female at Singapore.

My concern is that Singapore Zoo sent a mixed group of founders (including Kigali) along with first generation offspring from the founders that remained at Singapore. After all, Monarto would want unrelated hyena over mothers and sons. The Sydney males (born a decade after Gamba etc) could therefore be their younger siblings or half siblings.
 
Altina have two males though, so wouldn't there still be a chance Thanidwe is being sent to Altina to be paired with the male that's not paired with Malika?

I’d say that’s unlikely. The imported female could potentially live with the two males in a cohesive pack of three; but an additional female would have to live seperate. I’d be surprised if Altina were interested in holding two breeding pairs living separately and simultaneously breeding. Combined with the fact the pairing would be between two related animals, it makes more sense to pair her with the founder male at Mogo.
 
I’d say that’s unlikely. The imported female could potentially live with the two males in a cohesive pack of three; but an additional female would have to live seperate. I’d be surprised if Altina were interested in holding two breeding pairs simultaneously breeding. Combined with the fact the pairing would be between two related animals, it makes more sense to pair her with the founder male at Mogo.

Okay, thanks for clearing it up.

Thanidwe could possibly be related to those males anyways. It would make more sense to pair her with Cheka.

I wonder what the plan is for Fahari and Mahali. Werribee have plans for Spotted Hyena, and with Monarto's group growing it may make sense to split the group off. Although new imports would of course be preferred.
 
Okay, thanks for clearing it up.

Thanidwe could possibly be related to those males anyways. It would make more sense to pair her with Cheka.

I wonder what the plan is for Fahari and Mahali. Werribee have plans for Spotted Hyena, and with Monarto's group growing it may make sense to split the group off. Although new imports would of course be preferred.

You’re very welcome.

Altina’s males are the sons of Kigali; while Thandiwe is her granddaughter via Forrest.

Monarto’s next hyena to leave will almost certainly be the two young males living separately from the main pack, which would be exchanged with Sydney Zoo to give them hyenas for display.

From there, I’d imagine either Fahari or Mahali would be transferred to Werribee (possibly with an imported founder male), with the other remaining as a subordinate female in Monarto’s breeding pack - with Kanzi assuming the alpha role.
 
You’re very welcome.

Altina’s males are the sons of Kigali; while Thandiwe is her granddaughter via Forrest.

Monarto’s next hyena to leave will almost certainly be the two young males living separately from the main pack, which would be exchanged with Sydney Zoo to give them hyenas for display.

From there, I’d imagine either Fahari or Mahali would be transferred to Werribee (possibly with an imported founder male), with the other remaining as a subordinate female in Monarto’s breeding pack (with Kanzi taking over as alpha).

Jaali, Majani and Mkoko would be the best candidates to send to Sydney in replacement for their trio.

Fahari or Mahali could then be sent to Werribee, to be paired with an unrelated (overseas imported) male. Kanzi could then be retained alongside her other daughter as the future breeding females of Monarto. They'll be bred with the Sydney males.
 
Jaali, Majani and Mkoko would be the best candidates to send to Sydney in replacement for their trio.

Fahari or Mahali could then be sent to Werribee, to be paired with an unrelated (overseas imported) male. Kanzi could then be retained alongside her other daughter as the future breeding females of Monarto. They'll be bred with the Sydney males.

Monarto’s Hyena Groupings

Current groupings:

Apparently Monarto’s hyena are now in three clans:

1.0 Jaali (Piltengi x Thandiwe) 13/09/2017
1.0 Majani (Gamba x Forest) 00/01/2018

0.1 Forest (Unk x Kigali) 00/00/2007
0.1 Fahari (Gamba x Forest) 03/11/2020
0.1 Mahali (Gamba x Forest) 03/11/2020
1.0 Gamba (Unk x Unk) 00/00/2003 Imported 2007

0.1 Thandiwe (Gamba x Forest) 00/00/2014
0.1 Kanzi (Piltengi x Thandiwe) 13/09/2017
1.0 Mkoko (Gamba x Forest) 00/07/2015

Future groupings:

With this in mind, it’s likely that Jaali and Majani will be the male pair transferred to Sydney Zoo.

Clan 1 and Clan 2:

Since Thandiwe is leaving soon (likely for Mogo), it would make sense to retain Gamba, Forest and their daughters as a cohesive pack and pair Kanzi and Mkoko with imported founders to form two new pairs - one of which could then be sent to Werribee; the other retained as a second clan.

Clan 3:

Monarto could import a further two hyena to form a third clam descended from two unrelated founders.
 
Monarto’s Hyena Groupings

Current groupings:

Apparently Monarto’s hyena are now in three clans:

1.0 Jaali (Piltengi x Thandiwe) 13/09/2017
1.0 Majani (Gamba x Forest) 00/01/2018

0.1 Forest (Unk x Kigali) 00/00/2007
0.1 Fahari (Gamba x Forest) 03/11/2020
0.1 Mahali (Gamba x Forest) 03/11/2020
1.0 Gamba (Unk x Unk) 00/00/2003 Imported 2007

0.1 Thandiwe (Gamba x Forest) 00/00/2014
0.1 Kanzi (Piltengi x Thandiwe) 13/09/2017
1.0 Mkoko (Gamba x Forest) 00/07/2015

Future groupings:

With this in mind, it’s likely that Jaali and Majani will be the male pair transferred to Sydney Zoo.

Clan 1 and Clan 2:

Since Thandiwe is leaving soon (likely for Mogo), it would make sense to retain Gamba, Forest and their daughters as a cohesive pack and pair Kanzi and Mkoko with imported founders to form two new pairs - one of which could then be sent to Werribee; the other retained as a second clan.

Clan 3:

Monarto could import a further two hyena to form a third clam descended from two unrelated founders.

So future groupings look like:

0.1 Gamba
0.1 Forest
0.1 Fahari
0.1 Mahali

1.0 Enzi/Etana/Endesha
0.1 Kanzi

1.0 Mkoko
0.1 Imported female

1.0 Enzi/Etana/Endesha
0.1 Imported female

Of course looking at this, two of the males from Sydney will have to be paired together with one female (i'd say the imported female), to ensure success.

Monarto have to import two females from overseas.

Due to space constraints, I can see Werribee recieving two of the groups. The non breeding group (Gamba, Forest and their daughters) and whichever Sydney male and Kanzi.

Monarto will then be left with five Hyenas across two groups, allowing for future breeding.
 
So future groupings look like:

0.1 Gamba
0.1 Forest
0.1 Fahari
0.1 Mahali

1.0 Enzi/Etana/Endesha
0.1 Kanzi

1.0 Mkoko
0.1 Imported female

1.0 Enzi/Etana/Endesha
0.1 Imported female

Of course looking at this, two of the males from Sydney will have to be paired together with one female (i'd say the imported female), to ensure success.

Monarto have to import two females from overseas.

Due to space constraints, I can see Werribee recieving two of the groups. The non breeding group (Gamba, Forest and their daughters) and whichever Sydney male and Kanzi.

Monarto will then be left with five Hyenas across two groups, allowing for future breeding.

Australia’s largest hyena clan:

Another thought I had was that Monarto are focussed on large groupings - large herds of ungulates, the largest pride of lions in Australasia; I wonder if they have aspirations of holding a large hyena pack. That would truly be an incredible sight.

Spotted hyena can live in packs of up to 130 and given they’re a male dispersal species (daughters remain in their natal pack), it’s a shame Monarto have never been able to achieve this to date.

Gamba and Forest are clearly a successful pair and as the largest pack in the region, they may be the way towards creating a large pack; but given their ages, I foresee more potential in a young same aged pair - perhaps an imported male (from Sydney) combined with a new female. They’d have many reproductive years ahead of them and could form a huge pack over the next decade or two.

As an example, a new pair could produce their first litter at two years old and breed every 18 months on average - producing up to 12 litters over two decades. Factoring in an average litter size of two and accounting for loss through mortality and dispersal, we could expect around a final group size of around 12-16 hyena from this pair alone (which combined with further imports, could continue expand further).
 
Australia’s largest hyena clan:

Another thought I had was that Monarto are focussed on large groupings - large herds of ungulates, the largest pride of lions in Australasia; I wonder if they have aspirations of holding a large hyena pack. That would truly be an incredible sight.

Spotted hyena can live in packs of up to 130 and given they’re a male dispersal species (daughters remain in their natal pack), it’s a shame Monarto have never been able to achieve this to date.

Gamba and Forest are clearly a successful pair and as the largest pack in the region, they may be the way towards creating a large pack; but given their ages, I foresee more potential in a young same aged pair - perhaps an imported male (from Sydney) combined with a new female. They’d have many reproductive years ahead of them and could form a huge pack over the next decade or two.

As an example, a new pair could produce their first litter at two years old and breed every 18 months on average - producing up to 12 litters over two decades. Factoring in an average litter size of two and accounting for loss through mortality and dispersal, we could expect around a final group size of around 12-16 hyena from this pair alone (which combined with further imports, could continue expand further).

That sounds like an awesome idea.

This could be achieved, as Monarto will likely hold two pairs in the future, and with them having litters at a rate of every 18 months both groups will definitely rise in number over time.

I doubt Forest will be bred once again. Her daughter will be breeding at Mogo, and her son, at Monarto. She'll likely be retired with her mate (Gamba) and their daughters.

Breeding will then be focused on Mkoko and two of the Sydney males and two imported females to be paired with them.
 
Creating a large hyena pack at Monarto:

I’ve been refreshing myself on hyena social dominance hierarchy and reproduction and thought I’d note down a few points of interest of what this means for Monarto:

Spotted hyena are a male dispersal species. While this means males leave the pack, it also means unrelated (or unfamiliar) males can join. This won’t require the removal of the incumbent males either as would be necessary when introducing new male lions etc.

In large packs, multiple females can breed without infanticide. Lower ranking females have longer birth intervals and reproduce later (4-5 years versus 2 years for first reproduction). Infanticide has occurred in the region at Perth, but this was a small pack (1.2 hyena) housed in a small exhibit - it’s possible this caused the alpha female to believe the pack didn’t have the resources to rear the offspring of the subordinate female.

Monarto has a rare chance to house a large pack in a large exhibit - a first for Australasia, with the potential for multiple breeding females. Since new males can be added to the pack at any stage, it’d be possible to increase the size via immigration as well as reproduction.
 
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