Howletts Wild Animal Park John Aspinall + Naturalistic Exhibits

snowleopard

Well-Known Member
15+ year member
Premium Member
It is perfectly okay to discuss zoo owners on ZooChat, as many famous directors have been mentioned here countless times. Everything that is said online is public information, but sticking to the facts works like a charm and here are some that are easy to find with a few searches. Here are my thoughts, and if you are going to disagree then please be civil and thus we'll have a wonderful exchange of ideas.

John Aspinall was at one time a chronic gambler, and he dabbled in all sorts of illegal betting at a variety of venues. He was uneducated and never received a degree, let alone one remotely associated with zoology. However, due to his vast gambling fortune he was able to own a large number of exotic animals. He was a man who wanted to overthrow the British Parliament, and at the same time he loved animals and used his fortune to create two zoos. His love of wildlife allowed him to have the money to build wire, wood and metal cages that are constructed primarily for the animals and not for human visitors, and he also ran for a political position in the late 1990's where he failed to achieve victory. With his extreme right-wing beliefs and the occasional rolling around with exotic animals, Aspinall was a controversial and somewhat eccentric figure. Animals will breed in any enclosures, regardless of whether they are adequate or not, and due to the massive number of animals that Aspinall purchased he was able to eventually breed an enormous amount of endangered creatures.

Contrary to what many people on ZooChat might think, I actually have some fondness for Aspinall. There are countless other zoo owners all over the world who keep their animals in terrible enclosures. There are also innumerable millionaires who squander their money on objects that are not as vitally important or memorable as zoos.:) Aspinall truly loved animals, and his eccentric and quaint demeanour added to the aura that he helped create within the zoo industry. I also love Gerald Durrell and his amazing ethos of conservation, and I have probably read all of his books. What tainted his legacy, unfortunately, is that he was of an era where he would raid the wild for his animals. Oh, how times have changed.

My major complaint on the Howletts threads, and this applies to hundreds of zoos that I've commented on in the ZooChat gallery, are the standards for the enclosures. Conservation, preservation and education are three pillars of the zoo world that really need to be explored further, and spacious, naturalistic exhibits are the wave of the future. In the last 30 years many major zoos have either demolished or renovated old concrete bear pits, furnished enclosures with natural substrate, and torn down bars and metal posts in favour of open-air islands, moats, or glass windows. If one argues that Howletts was never intended to be a major zoological institution like many other public ventures then fair enough, and the cages can remain there while every other great zoo on the planet (except for maybe Chessington) can explore their own natural urges.

The gorillas at Howletts, with their children's slides, soccer balls, metal bars and other hamster toys would have the exact same amount of enrichment and the exact same breeding record if all 50 of them were transported into modern, spacious, naturalistic, well-designed exhibits. The only reason why people on this site get all excited when comments like that are made is because there are so many Brits here that are passionate about the lovely Aspinall parks. There are many of you in Europe that every once in a while privately message me, and so you know that I'm a reasonable man who consistently hammers home the fact that I believe that zoos should really be working towards naturalistic habitats for their animals. It's not just coming from me, as take a look around at all of the best zoos in just about every single nation on every single continent. Green, lush, enrichment-packed, realistic animal enclosures have been popping up every week for decades. I have personally visited zoos where I couldn't spot a metal bar or rusty cage on the entire park grounds, and practically every day on ZooChat I read about some zoo that has decided to tear down another outdated exhibit or renovate some archaic cement pit. Hurray!

It is a fact that from a study done at the Melbourne Zoo before and after their excellent gorilla habitat opened (first study was 1988), that visitors had radically different thoughts on gorillas. In the original concrete pit people chose negative words such as "vicious, ugly, boring, stupid", and then 2 years later "after the gorillas had been relocated to a large, new naturalistic exhibition habitat that replicated the African rain forest, visitors had completely opposite responses, selecting adjectives such as fascinating, peaceful, fantastic and powerful". (Hancocks, "A Different Nature", pages 144-45). Sure enough all of the world's best zoos are building naturalistic environments for their animals. This has nothing to do with any vague notion of ethnocentrism, as in my beloved Canada there are only 2 major zoos and for the world's second largest country that is rather sad.;) Habitat destruction is the # 1 biggest killer of wildlife, and by replicating wild areas in captivity it has been proven that money can be raised to fund in-situ projects. The Bronx Zoo's $10 million raised in just 10 years from Congo Gorilla Forest proves that point.
 
Contrary to what many people on ZooChat might think, I actually have some fondness for Aspinall.
Seriously?! :p :D
I think we'll just repeat everything that's been said before. Whilst Bronx and all the other "naturalistic" exhibits are pretty and impressive, I just feel the cages show more gorilla behaviour and I think the gorillas prefer them. I've never seen gorillas as active, do as much nest building, interact and be outside as much as I have at Howletts, and I've been to DAK, I think it's mainly a security feeling thing with them.
Also, people still call them "amazing" and "fascinating" etc whilst they're displayed in the Howletts cages, possibly because they can get so close. I don't think that's the exhibitry, I think it's the changed attitude to gorillas overall from the "King kong" days.
I think it's unfair to argue the cages at Howletts are badly designed, they've been designed with only the animal's in mind, unlike many other animal enclosures.
Anyway, to wrap it up I personally believe that Howletts have one of the best ways to house gorillas, to me the only better way would be leaving them in a completely natural section of woodland, or do like DAK does and replant every night. That is obviously a better option, but no other zoo could or would do that lol.
Just my $0.02 :p
 
This subject always whips up plenty of discussion. I'll make a few comments here;

1. Taronga Park's so-called 'naturalistic' enclosure is a converted Giant Panda exhibit with rock walls, water moat etc. It is actually too small for the Gorilla group of about 8 animals (which thrives and breeds freely nevertheless) and the ground is very bare as a consequence. Because of the 'ground only' design, the group probably has about 1/10th of the space available to them to use in this enclosure as a Howlett's enclosure affords their animals. The same can be said for many of the other modern 'open' Gorilla exhibits in zoos around the World, despite their attractive appearance.

2.Howlett's 'barred' enclosures are NOT at all like the old traditional barred cages of the past as seen in other urban zoos. They are enormous, barn-like structures, specially designed for the Gorillas, which most zoo cages never have been. Nowadays the older ones are showing their age, particularly the oldest, original block of cages but the fact they are still in good working order testifies to the original sound design.

3. At Port Lympne, where large open grassy enclosures are attatched to the meshed 'cages' the Gorillas have to be lured out with food to use them, otherwise they mainly prefer to stay in the covered areas.

4. Any 'naturalistic' exhibit which could provide the cover and climbing facilities provided by these Howletts enclosures would be hard to find anywhere. Though aethsetically preferable, its almost an impossibility to create the canopy effect of the rainforest, though as Yassa said, a very few do come close and they would be my preferred choice too over the Howlletts cages, but only where they can match them for the ability to supply the animals overall needs so well and I think still very few(any?) do that.

5. Viewing and photography-not good at Howletts but that wasn't what they were designed for. Ironically the best place to take Gorilla photos in Britain for a long time was Twycross, and we all know about their enclosures.

6 Breeding record- is so high because they nowadays have so many Gorillas so it is pretty much exponential - the style of enclosure has little to do with it- but the husbandry and group compositions of the animals ARE the influential factors here.

This post from Pertinax sums up the whole Aspinall/Aesthetics debate for me
 
I think we'll just repeat everything that's been said before. Whilst Bronx and all the other "naturalistic" exhibits are pretty and impressive, I just feel the cages show more gorilla behaviour and I think the gorillas prefer them. I've never seen gorillas as active, do as much nest building, interact and be outside as much as I have at Howletts

The Congo Gorilla Forest shows the most gorilla behavior of any exhibit imo. The gorillas there are very active, and in a video of an interview with one of the keepers, the keeper says the gorillas do a lot of nest building and interacting.
 
Ive posted alot on this subject , and ive probably repeated myself quite alot but ill say it again. Ive visited countless North American zoos during my travels and seen all i need to see of these much talked about and overated "natrualistic" enclosures. I prefer the Howletts Gorilla enclosures over all of them,The gorillas i observed at Howletts seemed very content and the Aspinall parks expertise on this species is very obvious. At Howletts the animals have always came before the general public and that is why i respect Aspinall and his approach towards conservation. I am very impressed with the Aspinall parks and what they have done for endangered species and to be honest i cant really summon that same respect for other gorilla enclosures in different zoological gardens.
 
Ive posted alot on this subject , and ive probably repeated myself quite alot but ill say it again. Ive visited countless North American zoos during my travels and seen all i need to see of these much talked about and overated "natrualistic" enclosures. I prefer the Howletts Gorilla enclosures over all of them,The gorillas i observed at Howletts seemed very content and the Aspinall parks expertise on this species is very obvious.


Congo Gorilla Forest is overrated? Why is it that all you Howletts-lovers think you can't see the same behavior in naturalistic exhibits? I understand the Howletts cages are good exhibits for the gorillas but you don't need to put down great exhibits like CGF to prove your point.
 
Congo Gorilla Forest is overrated? Why is it that all you Howletts-lovers think you can't see the same behavior in naturalistic exhibits? I understand the Howletts cages are good exhibits for the gorillas but you don't need to put down great exhibits like CGF to prove your point.

I could say the same about the criticism which has been piling up on Howletts , its just my personal opinion that CFG is a bit overrated , i have actually seen Gorillas acting natrually and which seemed content in many "natrualistic" enclosures in the US but never at the same level of the Howletts and Port lympne Gorilla groups in the UK
 
Last edited:
It is perfectly okay to discuss zoo owners on ZooChat, as many famous directors have been mentioned here countless times. Everything that is said online is public information, but sticking to the facts works like a charm and here are some that are easy to find with a few searches. Here are my thoughts, and if you are going to disagree then please be civil and thus we'll have a wonderful exchange of ideas.

John Aspinall was at one time a chronic gambler, and he dabbled in all sorts of illegal betting at a variety of venues. He was uneducated and never received a degree, let alone one remotely associated with zoology. However, due to his vast gambling fortune he was able to own a large number of exotic animals. He was a man who wanted to overthrow the British Parliament, and at the same time he loved animals and used his fortune to create two zoos. His love of wildlife allowed him to have the money to build wire, wood and metal cages that are constructed primarily for the animals and not for human visitors, and he also ran for a political position in the late 1990's where he failed to achieve victory. With his extreme right-wing beliefs and the occasional rolling around with exotic animals, Aspinall was a controversial and somewhat eccentric figure. Animals will breed in any enclosures, regardless of whether they are adequate or not, and due to the massive number of animals that Aspinall purchased he was able to eventually breed an enormous amount of endangered creatures.

Contrary to what many people on ZooChat might think, I actually have some fondness for Aspinall. There are countless other zoo owners all over the world who keep their animals in terrible enclosures. There are also innumerable millionaires who squander their money on objects that are not as vitally important or memorable as zoos.:) Aspinall truly loved animals, and his eccentric and quaint demeanour added to the aura that he helped create within the zoo industry. I also love Gerald Durrell and his amazing ethos of conservation, and I have probably read all of his books. What tainted his legacy, unfortunately, is that he was of an era where he would raid the wild for his animals. Oh, how times have changed.

My major complaint on the Howletts threads, and this applies to hundreds of zoos that I've commented on in the ZooChat gallery, are the standards for the enclosures. Conservation, preservation and education are three pillars of the zoo world that really need to be explored further, and spacious, naturalistic exhibits are the wave of the future. In the last 30 years many major zoos have either demolished or renovated old concrete bear pits, furnished enclosures with natural substrate, and torn down bars and metal posts in favour of open-air islands, moats, or glass windows. If one argues that Howletts was never intended to be a major zoological institution like many other public ventures then fair enough, and the cages can remain there while every other great zoo on the planet (except for maybe Chessington) can explore their own natural urges.

The gorillas at Howletts, with their children's slides, soccer balls, metal bars and other hamster toys would have the exact same amount of enrichment and the exact same breeding record if all 50 of them were transported into modern, spacious, naturalistic, well-designed exhibits. The only reason why people on this site get all excited when comments like that are made is because there are so many Brits here that are passionate about the lovely Aspinall parks. There are many of you in Europe that every once in a while privately message me, and so you know that I'm a reasonable man who consistently hammers home the fact that I believe that zoos should really be working towards naturalistic habitats for their animals. It's not just coming from me, as take a look around at all of the best zoos in just about every single nation on every single continent. Green, lush, enrichment-packed, realistic animal enclosures have been popping up every week for decades. I have personally visited zoos where I couldn't spot a metal bar or rusty cage on the entire park grounds, and practically every day on ZooChat I read about some zoo that has decided to tear down another outdated exhibit or renovate some archaic cement pit. Hurray!

It is a fact that from a study done at the Melbourne Zoo before and after their excellent gorilla habitat opened (first study was 1988), that visitors had radically different thoughts on gorillas. In the original concrete pit people chose negative words such as "vicious, ugly, boring, stupid", and then 2 years later "after the gorillas had been relocated to a large, new naturalistic exhibition habitat that replicated the African rain forest, visitors had completely opposite responses, selecting adjectives such as fascinating, peaceful, fantastic and powerful". (Hancocks, "A Different Nature", pages 144-45). Sure enough all of the world's best zoos are building naturalistic environments for their animals. This has nothing to do with any vague notion of ethnocentrism, as in my beloved Canada there are only 2 major zoos and for the world's second largest country that is rather sad.;) Habitat destruction is the # 1 biggest killer of wildlife, and by replicating wild areas in captivity it has been proven that money can be raised to fund in-situ projects. The Bronx Zoo's $10 million raised in just 10 years from Congo Gorilla Forest proves that point.



:rolleyes: actually its not just British people who are passionate about the Aspinall parks i love the parks and i am Mexican :cool:
 
I could say the same about the criticism which has been piling up on Howletts , its just my personal opinion that CFG is a bit overrated , i have actually seen Gorillas acting natrually and which seemed content in many "natrualistic" enclosures in the US but never at the same level of the Howletts and Port lympne Gorilla groups in the UK

How do the gorillas act more natural at Howletts than at CGF?
 
How do the gorillas act more natural at Howletts than at CGF?

They climb on bars and "climbing frames!" And roll around in straw.....and try to get food out of giant metal balls. And slide down playground slides....

Yes, they interact with each other in family groups...just like gorilla families in any good zoo, even those that dare to show them in "fake" green natural habitats!
 
My major complaint on the Howletts threads, and this applies to hundreds of zoos that I've commented on in the ZooChat gallery, are the standards for the enclosures. Conservation, preservation and education are three pillars of the zoo world that really need to be explored further, and spacious, naturalistic exhibits are the wave of the future.

Snowleopard IIRC I don't think you've been to either of the Aspinall parks. I have a real problem with your dogmatic views of places you have not seen for yourself and your quickness to judge. Sure if you post a picture of some awful roadside zoo and say it is awful then I will feel myself agreeing even though I haven't seen it for myself, but doesn't the weight of opinion expressed here about Howletts make you stop for a second and think that perhaps you might not be right?

I have seen both Howletts and Bronx CGF and in my opinion (although I am no expert) both places showed healthy dynamic large active groups of gorillas who appeared happy and very well cared for. In that respect I don't think there is much to choose between them. Aesthetically, CGF is miles better from the visitor POV, it is beautifully planned and executed and it certainly has the wow factor. But when you walk into the walled garden in Howletts and see the huge cages (obviously that is what they are) full of active gorillas there is most definitely a wow factor there too. On balance I do prefer Bronx CGF because it looks better, in the same way I think a fish tank in a tastefully decorated living-room looks a bit nicer than the same one in a garage, although for the fish there is probably no difference.

I like the idea of immersion but I can't say that I have ever felt lost in an enclosure to the extent that I think I am in the jungle or savannah. The suspension of belief which comes easily in the cinema has never happened to me in a zoo. Perhaps I have just not been to the right places.
 
hahahahahaha nice one reduakari! but i actually meant foraging amongst the litter as they would in the wild amongst the foilage , making nests out of hay , and their social interaction with others in their group is truly a pleasure to observe because the groups are alot bigger at Howletts and more closely resemble a wild Gorilla group in size
 
this is gettin on my t**s

if we could have a palace of the apes cage combined with the congo gorilla forest, that would be the best, can there just be peace, there all great, but i love howletts
 
Like Pygathrix, I have visited both the Aspinall parks' cages and the congo gorilla forest and so I shall try and give a fair comparison.

First, what each is better at. CGF is obviously a better immersion exhibit, the fashionable style of design, at least for the near future. It provides a more natural environment for the gorillas (although I think a lot of this is setting the scene for visitors) and is more informative. It gives the gorillas a large area, demonstrates how they fit into their environment ecologically and has given the Bronx Zoo a world-class, boundary pushing exhibit.

Next, the Aspinall parks, I have spent a long time observing gorillas in both environments and, although I am no epert in gorilla behaviour, I would say they acted more naturally at Howletts. The Howletts gorilla cages are cheaper. They provide an imortant canopy, lots of enrichment activities and a wealth of climbing structures. Also, in Garden of the Apes, taking photographs is easier as there is no glass / bars.

Now to down-sides. CGF was expensive! Zooplantman would not reveal the true figure but it is certainly a lot more then the $40 million originally intended. This means that it is unlikely to be replicated by any zoo in the near future. It does not provide the same canopy cover as the Aspinall parks (although certainly more than most). Although it is a large size, I have read somewhere that Gorillas tend to remain at least 3 feet (or some similar figure) from hot-wire, which drastically reduces usable square footage. Also, there are far less climbing structures for the gorillas then at Howletts and none of the deep litter in which the Gorillas like to forage.

And now, Americans, it's the time you've all been waiting for - downsides of the Aspinall enclosures! They are ugly (although rather majestic), and, for the cages, visitor viewing is impeded. They do not provide the visitor with a sense of the gorillas natural habitat (although they do show how they are adapted to it) and there is certainly not as much or as good interpretation as there is at CGF.

So a conclusion, well looking at the evidence I would have to say that I agree with reduakari, zoos are about conservation education. Welfare of animals is, no doubt, important but, in my opinion, simply saying "the animals are well cared for" is no justification for zoos of the 21st century. Therefore, I will always find myself swinging towards the Bronx's world-class exhibit as it really gives a sense of the African rainforest and the Gorillas appeared to be content and well cared for. However, I will say congratulations to the runners-up. The Aspinall parks will nver be able to afford a CGF so they have created a substitute in which gorillas delight visitors by acting as though they would in the wild.

But, as ashley-h said, just my $0.02 ;).
 
It is a fact that from a study done at the Melbourne Zoo before and after their excellent gorilla habitat opened (first study was 1988), that visitors had radically different thoughts on gorillas. In the original concrete pit people chose negative words such as "vicious, ugly, boring, stupid", and then 2 years later "after the gorillas had been relocated to a large, new naturalistic exhibition habitat that replicated the African rain forest, visitors had completely opposite responses, selecting adjectives such as fascinating, peaceful, fantastic and powerful".

I wonder if visitors to Melbourne nowadays view the Gorillas in the rainforest enclosure positively,, and the ones that still live in the 'old concrete pits(yes, they are still in use) any differently- except to feel sorry for them?

Many of the visitors to Howletts (in particular) go there just to see the Gorillas and on busy days the areas round the enclosures, particularly in the old kitchen garden area, are crowded with people who stay and watch them for ages- raised seating is even provided in front of some of the enclosures for that purpose. I'm sure the public wouldn't do that if they thought negatively about the way the Gorillas were displayed.
 
Indeed - the feeling I got when I went was that everyone was just stunned by the apes, something you don't often see with a zoo enclosure. Something that will always stay in my mind from my visit this year that reflects the effect that these enclosures give the gorillas was seeing a mother with a recent-born clinging to her chest, but one of her previous children, who was now to big to cling on, wanted attention. So, still with her youngest holding on, the mother started tickling, spinning and kissing her older child on the chest, which the older child loved so much he was laughing. I have photos of it in the gallery, and it'll probably stay with me for as long as I can remember.

And the Aspinall Parks are capable of fantastic 'natural' enclosures without even spending £stupid million on it: Just look at Port Lymnpe's African Experience, Siberian Tiger Enclosure and Malayan Tapir Paddocks.
 
About conservation message - I think most people visiting Howletts get it.

So there is more than one way to crack a nut. :)
 
Thanks everyone for the input on this thread, and I started it mainly because there was some type of Howletts debate on probably a dozen different photos and here everything is distilled into one single destination.

The book "Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West" discusses how at one time the general public became less violent within animal attractions because "the new zoos without bars played a part in this change". Also, there is the notion that "caged animals, imprisoned and diminished, provoke mockery, species in semi-liberty retain their dignity and arouse interest" (page 218). Visitors to zoo began to behave themselves, and also to regard animals as educational and mysterious beings, only AFTER bars came down and naturalism prevailed. There were definitely many changes in the demeanour of zoo visitors once naturalistic exhibits began to be built, and often people on this site forget that zoos are arguably for people as much or more so than they are for animals.

It has been pointed out to me that there are many well-behaved visitors to the Howletts and Port Lympne parks, and there are no records of any problems with people banging on the cage doors, glass or metal bars. However, I wonder if that is because only serious animal enthusiasts visit the Aspinall parks. No one visits Port Lympne! I'm obviously exaggerating, but receiving 179,000 visitors in 2007 when there are over 60 million people in the United Kingdom means that Port Lympne is far down the ladder of attractions, and there are about 25 other zoos that regularly have a higher attendance just in England. The only people going there are ZooChatters.:) My point is that barely anyone goes to the park in relation to other zoos, aquariums, museums, castles and other attractions, and so those that are going have a strong love for animals and enjoy visiting zoos more so than the average member of the populace.
 
All i'm going to say (as an outside having not seen the Aspinal cages or CGF) is that I think Aspinall has built for the gorillas what CGF has done but far more cheaply both provide wonderful homes for the gorillas.
The Aspinal parks like so many zoos across the UK doesn't have the funds to build a CGF and so what they can with the unds they have an have done an amzing job of it.

It all comes done to money and I say the aspinal cages are more cost effective as they are doing the same job as CGF for less than half the price. At the end of the day there are nothing wrong with either exhibit and CGF is great if you've got the money for it.
 
Back
Top