Lions vs. Tigers

snowleopard

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As someone who has visited a tremendous number of zoos in the United States, it seems to me that both lions and tigers are ubiquitous, and thus found in every nook and cranny wherever one looks. Out of curiosity I decided to see which mammal is more common in major American zoos, and to my surprise the tiger won the battle.

My starting point was the book America's Best Zoos (2008: Nyhuis & Wassner), and I went through the 60 zoos to figure out which ones held either lions or tigers, or in many cases both types of mammal. I've visited 59 out of the top 60 zoos and so I've actually seen the exhibits with my own eyes, but please feel free to point out any errors in my calculations as animal collections are an ever-changing form. Some of the zoos below have tentative plans to add either lions or tigers to the collection in the near future, but I only included a couple that were already under construction and therefore guaranteed.

Tigers: There are 53 out of the 60 zoos with tigers, plus Woodland Park is currently constructing a new Malayan Tiger complex to make it 54 out of 60. The 6 zoos that will still lack tigers are: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Binder Park, Jacksonville, Maryland, North Carolina and Roger Williams Park.

Lions: There are 51 out of the 60 zoos that have lions, although Utah's Hogle Zoo will make it 52 in 2014 when its African Savanna precinct opens. The 8 zoos that will still lack lions are: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Binder Park, Los Angeles, Minnesota, Nashville, Point Defiance, Roger Williams Park and Utah's Hogle Zoo.

Overall, there are only 3 zoos that have neither lions or tigers: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Binder Park and Roger Williams Park. In fact, Binder Park (even with its spectacular Wild Africa complex), lacks elephants, rhinos, hippos, otters, meerkats, lions, tigers or any great apes.
 
I see you've done the same thing here as with Otters vs. Meerkats (both of which Binder Park also doesn't have).

For the record, Roger Williams is planning to build a Tiger exhibit in the near future.

Here's a follow-up question, what zoo has the most Tiger subspecies? I know Bronx has both Malayan and Amur but besides that I haven't seen a zoo with two subspecies yet.

And what's the 1 zoo of the Top 60 that you haven't been to?

~Thylo:cool:
 
I see you've done the same thing here as with Otters vs. Meerkats (both of which Binder Park also doesn't have).

For the record, Roger Williams is planning to build a Tiger exhibit in the near future.

Here's a follow-up question, what zoo has the most Tiger subspecies? I know Bronx has both Malayan and Amur but besides that I haven't seen a zoo with two subspecies yet.

And what's the 1 zoo of the Top 60 that you haven't been to?

~Thylo:cool:

For some reason I think it's Disney animal kingdom;)
 
For the record, Roger Williams is planning to build a Tiger exhibit in the near future.~Thylo

Since their Director stepped down they're regrouping. The proposed species and plans that replaced the nixed Polar Bear Exhibit Complex, are on hold. They're not even sure the addition of the New England animals will happen.
 
I see you've done the same thing here as with Otters vs. Meerkats (both of which Binder Park also doesn't have).

For the record, Roger Williams is planning to build a Tiger exhibit in the near future.

Here's a follow-up question, what zoo has the most Tiger subspecies? I know Bronx has both Malayan and Amur but besides that I haven't seen a zoo with two subspecies yet.

And what's the 1 zoo of the Top 60 that you haven't been to?

~Thylo:cool:

- My statistical analysis just goes to show that practically every single major American zoo has otters, meerkats, lions and tigers. I found it fun to see what zoos lack those mammals.

- I only counted Utah's Hogle and Woodland Park for future tiger exhibits as other zoos (such as Roger Williams Park) have not broken ground yet and thus there is no guarantee that the exhibits will ever be built.

- I've visited about 150 zoos in the United States and the 1 major one that I'm missing is in Hawaii (Honolulu Zoo). It is too far to drive to!:)
 
Tigers and Lions at the Honolulu Zoo. Sumatrans (the adult cubs are dispersing soon) and I believe three Lion cubs were born recently.
 
Tigers. Mainland and Sumatran. Or maybe Northern (Amur/Caspian), Southern (Bengal/Indochinese/Malayan), and Sumatran? Javan/Balinese are extinct. How valid are subspecies designations? How much is a product of recent habitat loss and local extinction? Are we preserving genetic drift, resulting from "Island" populations we made. Generics might actually have real value as a genetically diverse reservoir of recent evolution. The American Tiger?
 
The only zoo I've been to that didn't have tigers was Point Defiance but that was in 1995. They also didn't have lions. The only one I've been to that didn't have lions was the Hogle Zoo in 2009, although they did have them in 1991. I also remember the Minnesota Zoo having Asiatic lions in 1990. I'm surprised that LA doesn't have lions. As far as zoos that have all subspecies of tigers the only one I've been to is Omaha. They have Siberian, Malayan, Indochinese, and some generics (including white ones).

Both of those species are so charismatic it is strange to not see at least one in a zoo.
 
Tigers: There are 53 out of the 60 zoos with tigers, plus Woodland Park is currently constructing a new Malayan Tiger complex to make it 54 out of 60. The 6 zoos that will still lack tigers are: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Binder Park, Jacksonville, Maryland, North Carolina and Roger Williams Park.

Lions: There are 51 out of the 60 zoos that have lions, although Utah's Hogle Zoo will make it 52 in 2014 when its African Savanna precinct opens. The 8 zoos that will still lack lions are: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Binder Park, Los Angeles, Minnesota, Nashville, Point Defiance, Roger Williams Park and Utah's Hogle Zoo.

I am fully aware that since these zoos have not broken ground on these projects yet that it is not confirmed, and therefore do not make it on your list, but Jacksonville is planning to get tigers. Los Angeles is renovating their Lion exhibit, and Minnesota states in their master plan that Lions will make an appearance as part of the new African exhibit.
 
In 2011, I used ISIS to compile a list of captive wild cats:
Cheetah: 2016
Lion: 1880 lion
Tiger: 1663
Leopard: 873
Serval: 432
Puma: 407
Snow leopard, northern lynx: 398
Jaguar: 371
Wild cat: 283
Ocelot: 267
Bobcat: 243
Leopard cat: 241
Clouded leopard: 220
Fishing cat: 194
Caracal: 169
Sand cat, domestic cat: 157
Pallas's cat: 151
Jungle cat: 95
Jaguarundi, margay: 85
Geoffroy's cat: 82
Canadian lynx: 63
Oncilla: 56
Black-footed cat: 55
Rusty-spotted cat: 47
Asian golden cat: 45
Colocolo: 10
Flat-headed cat: 8
Marbled cat: 4
Iberian lynx: 3
Chinese mountain cat, Iriomote cat, pantanal cat, kodkod, Andean mountain cat, pampas cat, African golden cat, bay cat, Bornean clouded leopard: All 0, although there are some representatives not listed by ISIS.

Of the tigers, there were 463 Amur tigers (plus a stated 100,001 Amur tigers in Seoul), 61 North Indochinese tigers (P.t. corbetti), 62 Malayan tigers (P. t. jacksoni), 240 Sumatran tigers and 376 Bengal tigers.

There would be some logic in trying to breed more North Indochinese and Malayan tigers, but the other subspecies have been saved. Meanwhile, there are several species of endangered small cats that are not safe at all and should take priority more expensive tiger enclosure, especially when captive tigers may only roam over a relatively small area. Apart from a project in South Africa, there is little, if anything, being done to release captive tigers into the wild.This would create several ethical problems, as many of the wild tigers live in areas of increasing human populations.
 
In 2011, I used ISIS to compile a list of captive wild cats:
Cheetah: 2016
Lion: 1880 lion
Tiger: 1663
Leopard: 873
Serval: 432
Puma: 407
Snow leopard, northern lynx: 398
Jaguar: 371
Wild cat: 283
Ocelot: 267
Bobcat: 243
Leopard cat: 241
Clouded leopard: 220
Fishing cat: 194
Caracal: 169
Sand cat, domestic cat: 157
Pallas's cat: 151
Jungle cat: 95
Jaguarundi, margay: 85
Geoffroy's cat: 82
Canadian lynx: 63
Oncilla: 56
Black-footed cat: 55
Rusty-spotted cat: 47
Asian golden cat: 45
Colocolo: 10
Flat-headed cat: 8
Marbled cat: 4
Iberian lynx: 3
Chinese mountain cat, Iriomote cat, pantanal cat, kodkod, Andean mountain cat, pampas cat, African golden cat, bay cat, Bornean clouded leopard: All 0, although there are some representatives not listed by ISIS.

Of the tigers, there were 463 Amur tigers (plus a stated 100,001 Amur tigers in Seoul), 61 North Indochinese tigers (P.t. corbetti), 62 Malayan tigers (P. t. jacksoni), 240 Sumatran tigers and 376 Bengal tigers.

There would be some logic in trying to breed more North Indochinese and Malayan tigers, but the other subspecies have been saved. Meanwhile, there are several species of endangered small cats that are not safe at all and should take priority more expensive tiger enclosure, especially when captive tigers may only roam over a relatively small area. Apart from a project in South Africa, there is little, if anything, being done to release captive tigers into the wild.This would create several ethical problems, as many of the wild tigers live in areas of increasing human populations.

Over 100,000 Amur tigers in Seoul? I doubt the world population is even close to that. ;)
 
If we are talking strictly United States, I doubt there is any facility with more than two subspecies. Dallas Zoo used to alternate malayan and sumatran, which I think they still do. Bronx Zoo as stated has malayan and amur (I think the former along Wild Asia monorail and the latter in Tiger Mountain). Omaha Henry Doorly Zoo may have three (although I doubt as stated they have indochinese AND malayan - all the so called indochinese in the US were reclassfied as malayan when the subspecies were split).

If you include overseas facilities, the fantastic Parc Des Felins has four separate (and large) enclosures for amur tiger, malayan tiger, sumatran tiger, white indian/generic tiger. They also have four separate (and large) lion enclosures for east african lion, angolan lion, white south african lion, asian lion. Plus four separate (and large) leopard enclosures for amur leopard, sri lanka leopard, persian leopard, black asian/generic leopard.
 
If we are talking strictly United States, I doubt there is any facility with more than two subspecies. Dallas Zoo used to alternate malayan and sumatran, which I think they still do. Bronx Zoo as stated has malayan and amur (I think the former along Wild Asia monorail and the latter in Tiger Mountain). Omaha Henry Doorly Zoo may have three (although I doubt as stated they have indochinese AND malayan - all the so called indochinese in the US were reclassfied as malayan when the subspecies were split).

If you include overseas facilities, the fantastic Parc Des Felins has four separate (and large) enclosures for amur tiger, malayan tiger, sumatran tiger, white indian/generic tiger. They also have four separate (and large) lion enclosures for east african lion, angolan lion, white south african lion, asian lion. Plus four separate (and large) leopard enclosures for amur leopard, sri lanka leopard, persian leopard, black asian/generic leopard.

In 2009 the signs were marked Malayan and Indochinese. I don't remember what the signs said last time since I avoid the Cat Complex.
 
Birmingham had a generic white tiger (Moti) and Kumar a Malayan in separate exhibits until Moti died of old age in 2010.

Nashville will probably add Lions soon as they expand.

Of the zoos without Tigers North Carolina focuses on Africa and North America specifically and Jacksonville puts a lot of stock in their Jaguars (because of the football team or was the football team which is fairly new btw named because of the association of the zoo with the animal)
 
In 2009 the signs were marked Malayan and Indochinese. I don't remember what the signs said last time since I avoid the Cat Complex.

Kumar at Birmingham was known as an "Indochinese" but he and all the others in North America of that subspecies were reclassified as Malayan.
 
Bronx Zoo as stated has malayan and amur (I think the former along Wild Asia monorail and the latter in Tiger Mountain).

Tiger Mountain is home to just Amur Tigers (except for a little while where three rejected Malayan Tiger cubs were on display in Tiger Mountain), and Amur and Malayan Tigers seem to rotate on Wild Asia Monorail.
 
SF Zoo has a single Amur female and what is now a breeding pair of Sumatrans.

I was looking @ the Woodland Park Zoo's website in anticipation of my first ever first to Seattle, and it looks their Sumatran is off-exhibit. Yet, the new plans are calling for Malayan tigers? Any idea where the Sumatran is bound?



On a related note, I have it on good authority that the Oakland Zoo will have at least two more lions within the year.
 
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