I don't know the number, but in the article they say "more than 90%". Very high regardless, but not quite the same as "more than 99%".
There has been a huge rise in serious attempts of breeding marine fish in recent years, with large advances made within a quite short period. This involves both public aquariums and private individuals (e.g. via
MBI [
list], which however mainly is aimed towards species that are of interest to private aquarists, e.g. doesn't include most sharks or rays, or species of colder waters). There are also rapid advances in aquaculture for the food industry and some of these find their way into aquaria too (some groupers, larger angelfish, etc). However, this is very much the beginning and if you visit an aquarium the vast majority of the marine fish will be wild-caught. One of the main problems compared to freshwater fish is that most marine fish have long free-living larval stages (weeks or months) and it is difficult to find suitable food for these. Both because of the tiny size and because little is known about what fish larvae of most species feed on. As a consequence, you'll also see that marine fish bred in captivity, especially if done repeatedly, are primarily species with no or only a short free-living larval stage. Advances are being made quite rapidly and the list of marine species bred in captivity is rising. The issue is doing this to an extent where it can supply a decent percentage of the aquarium trade and for all but a few species we're still far from that point. Until then, I believe the primary issue is sustainability: Getting the fish from populations where: 1. The fishing is done in a sustainable way (no cyanide fishing, etc). 2. The populations of the species can support the fishing. 3. The locals that do the fishing can sustain a decent life for the money they earn, minimizing the risk of them participating in fishing that contradicts 1+2.
In general, freshwater fish have short or no free-living larval stage which makes it much easier to breed them. However, in a typical public aquarium with freshwater fish you'll still be able to find several species that are wild caught, including some that never or only infrequently have been bred in captivity. In a few cases, there are entire industries set up around this and if done in the right way, it can be quite a good thing. The most famous example is probably the
cardinal tetra.
The following paragraph (enclosed within lines) is only indrectly related.
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When visiting public aquariums, I have noticed something quite interesting. If you inform the typical aquarium visitor in northern Europe that the Atlantic cod they're looking at in the aquarium is wild caught, they're generally fine with it because "we catch those in large numbers for food anyway". The same can be seen in western North America if dealing with e.g. a rockfish. However, then you move to the tropical aquarium and show them a yellow tang. You inform them that it is wild-caught and there's a good chance they'll think that is sad. Interestingly, the yellow tang is doing much better in the wild than both Atlantic cod and many species of Pacific rockfish (which have been, and in some cases continue to be, overfished). This fact seems to be completely lost on most who often have the wrong idea that "tropical and unusual (to Westerners) = rare". Almost all reef fish seen regularly in the aquarium trade are widespread and quite common in the wild. Many of the medium to larger marine aquarium fish are also food fish in their local countries, but selling a few live to the marine aquarium trade gives a higher earning than cathing a bunch and selling them to the food market.
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With the fairly rapid advances in marine fish breeding, I suspect a large percentage (at least 1/3) of marine aquarium fish seen in the trade in 2025 will be either captive bred or captive raised, and the remaining will hopefully be entirely from sustainable fishing. However, the latter depends on the lawmakers and governments, especially in Indonesia and the Philippines.
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