Newly Discovered/Described Species 2025

Bizarre ‘bone collector’ caterpillar discovered by UH scientists

Scientists at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa have found a new caterpillar species with unique and bizarre behaviors—it lives in spider webs and decorates its portable home with the body parts of the spider’s prey. This remarkable discovery, reported in a new study in the journal Science, also reveals the species to be endangered.

The caterpillar, a member of the Hawaiian Fancy Case Caterpillar group also known as the genus Hyposmocoma, has been named the “bone collector” caterpillar due to its macabre habit of adding insect body parts into its silken, portable case. Researchers have observed these caterpillars measuring and attaching body parts such as fly wings, weevil heads and earwig abdomens to their cases.

“The bone collector caterpillar is another example of how incredible and unpredictable evolution in Hawaiʻi can be,” said Dan Rubinoff, a professor at the UH Mānoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resilience. “Not only are they the only caterpillars in the world to decorate their homes with body parts but maybe more shocking, they make their living hanging around spider webs. This is something we never even imagined was possible. But in Hawaiʻi, here it is.”

However, the study also reveals a troubling reality: the newly discovered species is already endangered. After decades of searching, the caterpillar has only been found in a small 15-square-kilometer area of forest in the Waiʻanae mountain range on Oʻahu.

The researcher team estimates that the evolutionary origin of the bone collector caterpillar lineage dates back at least six million years, significantly older than the current islands of Hawaiʻi. This suggests that the species may have once been more widespread across the ancient and now sunken islands to the northwest of the main Hawaiian archipelago.

https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2025/04/25/bizarre-bone-collector-caterpillar/
 
New Pygmy Gecko (Goggia: Gekkonidae) from the arid Northern Cape Province of South Africa

New Pygmy Gecko ( Goggia : Gekkonidae) from the arid Northern Cape Province of South Africa | Zootaxa

The genus Goggia is composed of ten small bodied leaf-toed gecko species endemic to South Africa and adjacent Namibia. Using a combination of phylogenetic and morphological analyses we assessed the taxonomic status of an isolated rupicolous population discovered south of Klein Pella in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The newly collected material was recovered as a well supported clade by two independent phylogenetic algorithms (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference), with little intraspecies structuring. While the particular interspecific relationships among closely related Goggia remain unresolved, the phylogenetic results suggest the novel material is related to G. rupicola, G. gemmula, G. incognita and G. matzikamaensis. This is supported by the similar ecologies (rupicolous lifestyle), geographies (arid western extent of South Africa) and morphologies (prominent dorsal chevrons and yellow-centred pale dorsal spots), which are shared among these closely related species. Despite their similarity, the novel population from Klein Pella remains geographically separate, differs from congeners by an uncorrected ND2 p-distance of 11.03–22.91%, and is morphologically diagnosable. Based on these findings we describe the Klein Pella population as a new species.
 
7 New species of Crayfish described from Western Indonesia (some of which were already in the aquarium trade)
Seven New Species of Crayfish of the Genus Cherax (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from Western New Guinea, Indonesia


Two new species of Betta fish described from Sumatra, Indonesia (both of which were already in the aquarium trade)
Phylogenetic analysis of Betta coccina complex (Teleostei, Osphronemidae) from Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra Island with descriptions of two new species


Prionotus pictus, a new species of Sea Robin described, endemic to the Galapagos Islands (yay, another Galapagos species)
Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation

Neotrygon romeoi, a new species of Blue-spotted Maskray described from Fiji just today (previously mixed up with Neotrygon khulii, it will be interesting to track some of the linegaes of the Blue-spotted Maskrays already in captivity)
A new blue‐spotted Maskray species (Neotrygon, Dasyatidae) from Fiji - Glaus - Journal of Fish Biology - Wiley Online Library
 
Neotrygon romeoi, a new species of Blue-spotted Maskray described from Fiji just today (previously mixed up with Neotrygon khulii, it will be interesting to track some of the linegaes of the Blue-spotted Maskrays already in captivity)
A new blue‐spotted Maskray species (Neotrygon, Dasyatidae) from Fiji - Glaus - Journal of Fish Biology - Wiley Online Library
Oh great, another Neotrygon to make identification of captive specimens harder :p are Fijian Neotrygon exported much?
 
Oh great, another Neotrygon to make identification of captive specimens harder :p are Fijian Neotrygon exported much?
I'm not too sure to be honest, I believe its just one exporter right now whos working in Fiji (Walt Smith International). I know from 2017 to 2024, they banned all Coral Export from the country (not sure about Fish, but I didn't recall hearing about any Fijian Fish till exporting was allowed again last year). I'd imagine any Neotrygon that was in captivity before 2017 might have a chance of being the new species if its lineage could be traced back. But agreed, I can barely tell the current species apart right now lol, this will be "fun"
 
A new genus and species of extant shrew, Nagasorex albidens, is described based on a single specimen obtained in Nagaland, north-east India, in 1950. The new species shows novel characters, such as a total tooth number of 34, not found in any extant genus though found in some extinct genera.
Described in
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 474, June 18, 2025
 
A new species of salmon, Oncorhynchus biwaensis, endemic to Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

The Biwa salmon, a new species of Oncorhynchus (Salmonidae) endemic to Lake Biwa, Japan - Ichthyological Research

This species has previously been known as Onchorhynchus rhodurus and O. masou rhodurus (and has images in the Zoochat galleries under these names), but the specimens described in the description of rhodurus were O. masou masou or O. masou ishikawae, so rhodurus is not a valid name for O. biwaensis.
 
A whopping 10 new species of Nudibranch from the Indo-Pacific from the genus Cyerce were described back in May; these include:
  • C. basi (used to be called C. elegans but is now C. basi)
  • C. blackburnae
  • C. katiae
  • C. goodheartae
  • C. takanoi
  • C. trowbridgeae
  • C. tutela
  • C. whappi
  • C. liliuokalaniae
  • C. elegans (officially a new species)
The paper only mentions the first 9 species, with the 10th unnamed species they mentioned now being described as C. elegans just recently I saw in a post. Apparently, 7 of the 10 were already known by divers since they would spot them on the reefs, but were just waiting for an official description.
Fun fact: This increases the genus by about two-thirds of what was previously known the paper mentions.

Phylogenetic systematics of the genus CyerceBergh, 1870 (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) from the Pacific and Indian oceans with descriptions of nine new species | Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | Oxford Academic
 
A new species of Jelly was just described last month! The "Blue Ring Spotted Jelly" (Phyllorhiza yurena) was described by scientists from the Ningbo Ocean World aquarium in China. The species gets it's name from a dark blue ring that develops around the bell as it ages.
It is currently on exhibit at Ningbo Ocean World, and the Jelly aquaculture company Exotic Aquaculture is also currently culturing the species, so we may see it in more aquariums soon

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/6/632
 
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