North American Asian and African Elephant Populations 2025: Discussion and Speculation

Jaxton said:
I’m not sure if this has been shared here before, but while browsing the Federal Register, I came across a breeding permit application from the White Oak Conservation Center . The application appears to be from December 2024 and includes detailed records of births and deaths within their Asian elephant herd.

On page 41, the application summarizes all births from the past five years:


We already know of four calves currently living at the facility:
  • 0.1 Masala (2021)
  • 0.1 Tikka (2022)
  • 1.0 Sammy (2023)
  • 0.1 Kumari (2023)
However, the document lists four additional births that did not survive. On page 44, it lists all deaths from the past five years, including two stillborn male calves and a female calf “euthanized due to trauma inflicted by maternal aggression.” Seven other deaths are listed, none explicitly tied to birth, but based on the numbers, the third female born in 2023 was likely among them.

Based on the data, these appear to be the calves born from 2020–2023:
  • 1.0 Stillborn (2020)
  • 0.1 Masala (2021)
  • 0.1 Tikka (2022)
  • 1.0 Sammy (2023)
  • 0.1 Kumari (2023)
  • 1.0 Stillborn (2023)
  • 0.1 Euthanized (2023)
  • 0.1 Unknown (2023)
Given the pattern of births and the fact that this application was filed in late 2024, it seems likely there are additional living calves born after this application was filed.
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Only just realized that when Casey was switched from Fort Worth for Romeo back in 2015, this turned out to be one of the best bull swaps we could have imagined, as Casey has now sired eight offspring with four living (plus a few more potentially as you mention), and Romeo also has three calves at Fort Worth, it worked out for both facilities!
 
Found this interesting article regarding the Pittsburgh zoo, around 7 years they planned to import a total of 28 African elephants, 13 of the elephants, two males and 11 females, were ticketed for breeding at the Pittsburgh Zoo’s 724-acre International Conservation Center in Somerset County. Three females each would go to the Kansas City, Maryland, and Memphis zoos. Another six elephants were slated for the Elephant Conservation Center in Natural Bridge.
Pittsburgh Zoo sought to import 28 African elephants | Journal of African Elephants
 
Mr.Ivory said:
Found this interesting article regarding the Pittsburgh zoo, around 7 years they planned to import a total of 28 African elephants, 13 of the elephants, two males and 11 females, were ticketed for breeding at the Pittsburgh Zoo’s 724-acre International Conservation Center in Somerset County. Three females each would go to the Kansas City, Maryland, and Memphis zoos. Another six elephants were slated for the Elephant Conservation Center in Natural Bridge.
Pittsburgh Zoo sought to import 28 African elephants | Journal of African Elephants
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thank goodness that fell through. Taking from the wild isn’t a good idea. Parks, sure but the wild!?

Memphis is already overcrowded.
 
Mr.Ivory said:
Found this interesting article regarding the Pittsburgh zoo, around 7 years they planned to import a total of 28 African elephants, 13 of the elephants, two males and 11 females, were ticketed for breeding at the Pittsburgh Zoo’s 724-acre International Conservation Center in Somerset County. Three females each would go to the Kansas City, Maryland, and Memphis zoos. Another six elephants were slated for the Elephant Conservation Center in Natural Bridge.
Pittsburgh Zoo sought to import 28 African elephants | Journal of African Elephants
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Quite shocked to see that they intended to acquire the elephants directly from the wild (with no strong reason as to why, besides bolstering their own collections/breeding programs). Besides, they also intended to use techniques for capture that are now extremely frowned upon. I'm not sure why they thought that would've been a good idea in the first place!

There was enough scrutiny from the 2003 and 2016 imports; and those both were from Swaziland, where the elephants were set to be culled anyway.
 
Does anyone know why Sri, Jade and Jet at Saint Louis are kept separate from the other four cows? I had thought it was only temporary following Jet's birth, but perhaps there's a bigger issue at hand.
 
Jambo said:
Does anyone know why Sri, Jade and Jet at Saint Louis are kept separate from the other four cows? I had thought it was only temporary following Jet's birth, but perhaps there's a bigger issue at hand.
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I don't know for certian, but if I had to wager a guess I would say Sri and Ellie likely no longer get along. It is often the case that once the matriarch dies groups split, and since Sri and Jade share a mother/daughter-like bond she's been kept with Sri versus her grandmother and sisters. They can at least share a fence-line safely, and they have interacted with Jet through a barrier. Pearl is often by herself nowadays, but similarly can share a fence line with at least Jade, Jet and Sri.

I have tried to ask before about this from multiple sources and never gotten a clear answer from anyone who works there. It would be a shame to keep Jade seperated permanently considering Sri's age and her own lack of daughters currently, but perhaps the situation may change once one of the older cows passes away.
 
Frankie_number_1_fan said:
I don't know for certian, but if I had to wager a guess I would say Sri and Ellie likely no longer get along. It is often the case that once the matriarch dies groups split, and since Sri and Jade share a mother/daughter-like bond she's been kept with Sri versus her grandmother and sisters. They can at least share a fence-line safely, and they have interacted with Jet through a barrier. Pearl is often by herself nowadays, but similarly can share a fence line with at least Jade, Jet and Sri.

I have tried to ask before about this from multiple sources and never gotten a clear answer from anyone who works there. It would be a shame to keep Jade seperated permanently considering Sri's age and her own lack of daughters currently, but perhaps the situation may change once one of the older cows passes away.
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Given the split, I'd be very curious to see if either matrilline is sent out elsewhere eventually (ex. San Antonio).
 
Jambo said:
Quite shocked to see that they intended to acquire the elephants directly from the wild (with no strong reason as to why, besides bolstering their own collections/breeding programs). Besides, they also intended to use techniques for capture that are now extremely frowned upon. I'm not sure why they thought that would've been a good idea in the first place!

There was enough scrutiny from the 2003 and 2016 imports; and those both were from Swaziland, where the elephants were set to be culled anyway.
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Yeah I don't know why the hell they would think capturing baby elephants is a good idea in our current time. Zoos with elephants are already under massive scrutiny and this would have been a PR nightmare; deservedly so.
 
HawkAlot said:
Given the split, I'd be very curious to see if either matrilline is sent out elsewhere eventually (ex. San Antonio).
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I would be shocked if they did, it just doesn't seem wise to me. Sri is an aging animal that could very well pass away at anytime, which would leave Jade living entirely on her own aside from her son. Even if she has a daughter in the next three years, she would still be living without the support of other adult cows for years.

Then there's the factor of the rest of Ellie's matriline unfortunately looking to have a singular breeding cow (Priya) in the increasingly likely scenario that Maliha doesn't conceive. Transferring Jade out would leave Saint Louis with only one viable female and a group made up of two adult individuals in the event of Ellie's passing.
Jade has gotten along fine with her grandmother and sisters in the past afaik, so Imo it makes infinitely more sense to wait for Ellie or Sri to pass and then aim to reintegrate the group. Jade is still a part of Ellie's matriline after all, and I'm sure the zoo would much prefer to keep related animals onsite together.
 
Regarding the Pittsburgh import,

All the elephants that were to be imported were already in captivity, if I remember correctly due to the droughts going on in the region.

All the elephants were to come directly to ICC due to previous quarantine situations we had dealt with.

The participants are all correct, with the numbers, however the last one was going to VA safari (Eric Mogensen), which meant they could have ended up at several locations (Eric did not want to keep elephants in VA for good reason)

CITES ultimately shot down the import to the U.S. and from what I was told, those are the elephants that end up in UAE
 
PSO said:
The participants are all correct, with the numbers, however the last one was going to VA safari (Eric Mogensen), which meant they could have ended up at several locations (Eric did not want to keep elephants in VA for good reason)
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Given the Mogensen's piss poor history with the African elephant (Asha) owned by them, I'd consider it a wonderful thing that they didn't get to sink their claws into yet more elephants.
 
Jaxton said:
I’m not sure if this has been shared here before, but while browsing the Federal Register, I came across a breeding permit application from the White Oak Conservation Center. The application appears to be from December 2024 and includes detailed records of births and deaths within their Asian elephant herd.

On page 41, the application summarizes all births from the past five years:

Asian Elephant Elephas maximus
  • 3.5 calves born in the last five years; 1.3 survived beyond 30 days.
    • 2020: 1.0
    • 2021: 0.1
    • 2022: 0.1
    • 2023: 2.3
We already know of four calves currently living at the facility:
  • 0.1 Masala (2021)
  • 0.1 Tikka (2022)
  • 1.0 Sammy (2023)
  • 0.1 Kumari (2023)
However, the document lists four additional births that did not survive. On page 44, it lists all deaths from the past five years, including two stillborn male calves and a female calf “euthanized due to trauma inflicted by maternal aggression.” Seven other deaths are listed, none explicitly tied to birth, but based on the numbers, the third female born in 2023 was likely among them.

Based on the data, these appear to be the calves born from 2020–2023:
  • 1.0 Stillborn (2020)
  • 0.1 Masala (2021)
  • 0.1 Tikka (2022)
  • 1.0 Sammy (2023)
  • 0.1 Kumari (2023)
  • 1.0 Stillborn (2023)
  • 0.1 Euthanized (2023)
  • 0.1 Unknown (2023)
Given the pattern of births and the fact that this application was filed in late 2024, it seems likely there are additional living calves born after this application was filed.
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Thank you for sharing this amazing find, @Jaxton!

Mr.Ivory said:
Given the number of calves from 2020–2023, it's quite possible that Casey is the sire of all eight calves born.
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On page 38 and 136, the document states “[White Oak’s] internal population is being managed to maintain genetic diversity through the breeding of one specific male who is unrelated to any other animals in our population with the exception of his offspring here at White Oak.” It’s probably safe to say that 1.0 Casey (1971) has been the sire of all the calves born since White Oak acquired Ringling's herd.

Mr.Ivory said:
And, it's possible that Casey was among the several deceased individuals.
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Casey is not one of the individuals listed on page 44 and 677 who passed away between 2020 and 2024. As of April 28, 2025, Casey was still alive. The individuals who have passed away are:

Dec 11, 2020 - 1.0 Unknown (2020). Stillborn; aspiration during suspect dystocia
Jan 25, 2021 - 0.1 Sarah (1957). Euthanized; multiple concurrent diseases
Mar 29, 2021 - 0.1 Toby (1961). Euthanized; multi-joint chronic osteoarthritis
May 14, 2021 - 0.1 Mysore (1946). Euthanized; unable to stand, obstipation & anorexia
Apr 06, 2022 - 1.0 Charlie (1973). Euthanized; unable to stand
Jan 23, 2023 - 0.1 Aussan (1957). Euthanized; non-resolving large colon obstruction
May 12, 2023 - 1.0 Unknown (2023). Stillborn, systemic shock during suspect dystocia
Jun 08, 2023 - 0.1 Unknown (2023). Euthanized; maternal induced trauma
Aug 31, 2023 - 0.1 Unknown (2023). Neonatal death; head trauma from conspecific, systemic shock
Oct 25, 2023 - 0.1 Bangko (1976). Euthanized; unable to stand

Mr.Ivory said:
In the grand scheme of things, yes, they have anywhere from 25-32 elephants.
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Frankie_number_1_fan said:
In terms of Asian elephants I believe they hold the most amount of individuals, with only a small handful still being at the Ringling Campus. Last I am aware of they're at around 32 elephants.
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As of April 2025, White Oak had 32 (8.24.0) elephants, with 28 (8.20.0) at the Yulee site and 4 (0.4.0) at the Polk City site.

White Oak Conservation - Yulee, Florida, United States
1.0 Vance (WILD × WILD) 1963.00.00
0.1 Asia (WILD × WILD) 1968.00.00
1.0 Casey (WILD × WILD) 1971.00.00
0.1 Emma (WILD × WILD) 1972.00.00
0.1 Alana (WILD × WILD) 1975.00.00
0.1 Icky (WILD × WILD) 1976.00.00
0.1 Tonka (Hugo or Vance × Minyak) 1983.08.23
0.1 Luna (Hugo or Vance × Josky) 1984.01.01
0.1 Juliette (Pete × Icky) 1992.12.30
0.1 Bonnie (Vance × Sid) 1994.10.29
0.1 Shirley (Vance × Mala) 1995.02.19
0.1 Kelly Ann (Vance × Sally) 1996.01.01
0.1 Angelica (Charlie × Icky) 1997.06.23
1.0 Osgood (Charlie × Emma) 1999.08.16
0.1 Sara (Charlie × Icky) 2001.04.16
1.0 Gunther (Charlie × Mala) 2001.11.18
0.1 Asha (Charlie × Alana) 2002.03.05
1.0 P.T. (Charlie × Josky) 2002.05.21
0.1 Myrtle (Aree) (Charlie × Mala) 2005.04.21
1.0 Irvin (Charlie × Alana) 2005.06.01
0.1 Mable (Romeo × Shirley) 2006.04.06
1.0 Barack (Doc × Bonnie) 2009.01.19
0.1 April (Charlie × Alana) 2010.04.03
0.1 Piper (Romeo × Shirley) 2012.08.13
0.1 Masala (Casey × Mable) 2021.08.25
0.1 Tikka (Casey × Aree) 2022.06.14
1.0 Sammy (Casey × UNK) 2023.05.13
0.1 Kumari (Casey × UNK) 2023.05.24
Total: 28 (8.20.0)

Center for Elephant Conservation - Polk City, Florida, United States
0.1 Baby (WILD × WILD) 1961.00.00
0.1 Cora (Thonglaw × Rosy) 1965.12.03
0.1 Sally (WILD × WILD) 1967.00.00
0.1 Siam (WILD × WILD) 1976.00.00
Total: 4 (0.4.0)
 
I haven’t seen anyone summarize the occurrences at White Oak Conservation/Center for Elephant Conservation, so here’s a summary of the publicly known births, deaths, and transfers at White Oak/CEC since 2012.

  • Jan 23, 2012 - 0.1 Banana (1957) died at CEC.
  • Jun 27, 2012 - 0.1 Minyak (1966) died at CEC.
  • Aug 13, 2012 - 0.1 Piper (2012) born at CEC to 0.1 Shirley (1995). Sire is 1.0 Romeo (1993).
  • Sep 12, 2012 - 0.1 Sid (1967) died at CEC.
  • Nov 15, 2012 - 1.0 Doc (1997) transferred from CEC to Rosamond Gifford Zoo.
  • Dec 02, 2012 - 0.1 Suzan (1951) died at CEC.
  • Dec 15, 2012 - 1.0 Nate (2012) born at CEC to 0.1 Sally (1967). Sire is 1.0 Romeo (1993).
  • Jun 27, 2013 - 1.0 Mike (2013) born at CEC to 0.1 Angelica (1997). Sire is 1.0 Romeo (1993).
  • Nov 15, 2013 - 0.1 Mala (1967) died at CEC.
  • Jun 09, 2015 - 1.0 Romeo (1993) transferred from CEC to Fort Worth Zoo.
  • Jun 10, 2015 - 1.0 Casey (1971) transferred from Fort Worth Zoo to CEC.
  • Sep 28, 2015 - 0.1 Tova (1972) and 0.1 Asha (2002) transferred from CEC to Tulsa Zoo.
  • Jan 25, 2016 - 1.0 Mike (2013) died from EEHV-HD at CEC.
  • May 05, 2016 - The last 11 touring elephants retired to CEC, bringing the herd to 39 (10.29.0).
  • Jun 27, 2016 - 0.1 Nicole (1975) transferred from CEC to San Antonio Zoo.
  • Aug 29, 2016 - 0.1 Karen (1969) transferred from CEC to San Antonio Zoo.
  • Nov 29, 2016 - 0.1 Rudy (2002) and 0.1 Sundara (2008) transferred from CEC to Columbus Zoo.
  • Dec 31, 2016 - 1.0 Nate (2012) died from EEHV-HD at CEC.
  • May 31, 2017 - 0.1 Asha (2002) transferred from Tulsa Zoo to CEC.
  • 2020 - 1.0 Smokey (1984) transferred from CEC to Two Tails Ranch.
  • Sep 23, 2020 - Announcement that Ringling’s elephants are moving to White Oak Conservation. CEC has 34 (8.26.0) elephants.
  • Dec 11, 2020 - 1.0 Stillborn (2020) born at CEC to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • Jan 25, 2021 - 0.1 Sarah (1957) died at CEC.
  • Mar 29, 2021 - 0.1 Toby (1961) died at CEC.
  • Mar/Apr 2021 - 0.1 Tonka (1983), 0.1 Luna (1984), 0.1 Juliette (1992), 0.1 Bonnie (1994), 0.1 Kelly Ann (1996), 0.1 Angelica (1997), 0.1 Sara (2001), 0.1 Asha (2002), 0.1 Myrtle (Aree) (2005), 0.1 Mable (2006), 0.1 April (2010), and 0.1 Piper (2012) transferred from CEC to White Oak.
  • May 14, 2021 - 0.1 Mysore (1946) died at CEC.
  • Aug 25, 2021 - 0.1 Masala (2021) born at White Oak to 0.1 Mable (2006). Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • 2021/2022 - 1.0 Charlie (1973), 1.0 Casey (1971), and one other elephant transferred from CEC to White Oak.
  • Apr 06, 2022 - 1.0 Charlie (1973) died at White Oak.
  • Jun 14, 2022 - 0.1 Tikka (2022) born at White Oak to 0.1 Myrtle (Aree) (2005). Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • Jan 23, 2023 - 0.1 Aussan (1957) died at CEC.
  • Apr 2023-Aug 2023 - 8 elephants transferred from CEC to White Oak.
  • May 12, 2023 - 1.0 Stillborn (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • May 13, 2023 - 1.0 Sammy (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • May 24, 2023 - 0.1 Kumari (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • Jun 08, 2023 - 0.1 unknown (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971). Euthanized due to maternal induced trauma.
  • Aug 31, 2023 - 0.1 unknown (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971). Neonatal death due to head trauma from conspecific.
  • Aug 2023-Jul 2024 - 2 elephants transferred from CEC to White Oak.
  • Oct 25, 2023 - 0.1 Bangko (1976) died at CEC.

Any assistance or information that could improve or correct the information summarized (particularly the unknown dams) is greatly appreciated.

 
That is correct. Karl (Natural Bridge Zoo) and Eric (VA Safari Park/Gulf Breeze Zoo/etc) are father and son, respectively, and have been estranged for decades, have nothing to do with one another, and don't have a single nice thing to say about each other. Their facilities are four miles apart in a very tiny town, but they still manage to avoid each other, and staff from the facilities, last I heard, were forbidden to interact. Both families have had their legal issues - Eric's eldest daughter, while serving as Director of the Reston Zoo (which he no longer owns), went to jail for the wallaby drowning incident, whereas Natural Bridge Zoo's legal drama is well-documented and ongoing.
 
Elephant Enthusiast said:
I haven’t seen anyone summarize the occurrences at White Oak Conservation/Center for Elephant Conservation, so here’s a summary of the publicly known births, deaths, and transfers at White Oak/CEC since 2012.

  • Jan 23, 2012 - 0.1 Banana (1957) died at CEC.
  • Jun 27, 2012 - 0.1 Minyak (1966) died at CEC.
  • Aug 13, 2012 - 0.1 Piper (2012) born at CEC to 0.1 Shirley (1995). Sire is 1.0 Romeo (1993).
  • Sep 12, 2012 - 0.1 Sid (1967) died at CEC.
  • Nov 15, 2012 - 1.0 Doc (1997) transferred from CEC to Rosamond Gifford Zoo.
  • Dec 02, 2012 - 0.1 Suzan (1951) died at CEC.
  • Dec 15, 2012 - 1.0 Nate (2012) born at CEC to 0.1 Sally (1967). Sire is 1.0 Romeo (1993).
  • Jun 27, 2013 - 1.0 Mike (2013) born at CEC to 0.1 Angelica (1997). Sire is 1.0 Romeo (1993).
  • Nov 15, 2013 - 0.1 Mala (1967) died at CEC.
  • Jun 09, 2015 - 1.0 Romeo (1993) transferred from CEC to Fort Worth Zoo.
  • Jun 10, 2015 - 1.0 Casey (1971) transferred from Fort Worth Zoo to CEC.
  • Sep 28, 2015 - 0.1 Tova (1972) and 0.1 Asha (2002) transferred from CEC to Tulsa Zoo.
  • Jan 25, 2016 - 1.0 Mike (2013) died from EEHV-HD at CEC.
  • May 05, 2016 - The last 11 touring elephants retired to CEC, bringing the herd to 39 (10.29.0).
  • Jun 27, 2016 - 0.1 Nicole (1975) transferred from CEC to San Antonio Zoo.
  • Aug 29, 2016 - 0.1 Karen (1969) transferred from CEC to San Antonio Zoo.
  • Nov 29, 2016 - 0.1 Rudy (2002) and 0.1 Sundara (2008) transferred from CEC to Columbus Zoo.
  • Dec 31, 2016 - 1.0 Nate (2012) died from EEHV-HD at CEC.
  • May 31, 2017 - 0.1 Asha (2002) transferred from Tulsa Zoo to CEC.
  • 2020 - 1.0 Smokey (1984) transferred from CEC to Two Tails Ranch.
  • Sep 23, 2020 - Announcement that Ringling’s elephants are moving to White Oak Conservation. CEC has 34 (8.26.0) elephants.
  • Dec 11, 2020 - 1.0 Stillborn (2020) born at CEC to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • Jan 25, 2021 - 0.1 Sarah (1957) died at CEC.
  • Mar 29, 2021 - 0.1 Toby (1961) died at CEC.
  • Mar/Apr 2021 - 0.1 Tonka (1983), 0.1 Luna (1984), 0.1 Juliette (1992), 0.1 Bonnie (1994), 0.1 Kelly Ann (1996), 0.1 Angelica (1997), 0.1 Sara (2001), 0.1 Asha (2002), 0.1 Myrtle (Aree) (2005), 0.1 Mable (2006), 0.1 April (2010), and 0.1 Piper (2012) transferred from CEC to White Oak.
  • May 14, 2021 - 0.1 Mysore (1946) died at CEC.
  • Aug 25, 2021 - 0.1 Masala (2021) born at White Oak to 0.1 Mable (2006). Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • 2021/2022 - 1.0 Charlie (1973), 1.0 Casey (1971), and one other elephant transferred from CEC to White Oak.
  • Apr 06, 2022 - 1.0 Charlie (1973) died at White Oak.
  • Jun 14, 2022 - 0.1 Tikka (2022) born at White Oak to 0.1 Myrtle (Aree) (2005). Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • Jan 23, 2023 - 0.1 Aussan (1957) died at CEC.
  • Apr 2023-Aug 2023 - 8 elephants transferred from CEC to White Oak.
  • May 12, 2023 - 1.0 Stillborn (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • May 13, 2023 - 1.0 Sammy (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • May 24, 2023 - 0.1 Kumari (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971).
  • Jun 08, 2023 - 0.1 unknown (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971). Euthanized due to maternal induced trauma.
  • Aug 31, 2023 - 0.1 unknown (2023) born at White Oak to unknown dam. Sire is 1.0 Casey (1971). Neonatal death due to head trauma from conspecific.
  • Aug 2023-Jul 2024 - 2 elephants transferred from CEC to White Oak.
  • Oct 25, 2023 - 0.1 Bangko (1976) died at CEC.

Any assistance or information that could improve or correct the information summarized (particularly the unknown dams) is greatly appreciated.

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A couple of updates, in 2013, Bonnie and Mala were due to give birth. Romeo was the sire of Mala's calf, while Bonnie was artificially inseminated. In 2016, both Shirley and Sally were expected to give birth, Shirley in September, and Sally was due in November. Charlie was the sire of Shirley's calf, and most likely the sire of Sally's calf.

"Angelica,16, born at the center, is expecting her first calf in 2013. Bonnie, 19, also born at the center, is expecting her second calf in 2013. Mala, 43, is expecting her 7th calf. Angelica and Mala’s unborn calves were both fathered by Romeo, 20, born at the center. While Bonnie is expecting her second calf conceived through artificial insemination, her first calf, Barack (born on the eve of the 09’ presidential inauguration), was born through the same method of breeding. 25 live calves have been born to Ringling, through their breeding program which is the most successful in the Western hemisphere. Bonnie is currently touring, as she was impregnated on the road. She will be transferred to the breeding center to give birth by her 18th month of gestation. Angelica will have the company of her mother Icky II, to assist her in the birthing process."
https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/ele...enter-for-elephant-conservation-pol-t611.html

"Since June 1995, when this site opened, 21 elephants have been born here. Shirley, a 20-year-old elephant, became pregnant last fall by Charlie, a seasoned stud, and is due to calve in September 2016."
Without Elephants, Ringling Brothers Finds The Show Can't Go On

"Dr. Dennis Schmitt moves an ultrasound wand across the dark skin of a pregnant elephant.
Sally shifts her weight and flaps her ears but stands in place. It’s June 1, and the 49-year-old will give birth in November if she carries her calf the full 22-month term."
After the circus
 
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