Pinnipeds in Major American Zoos

snowleopard

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The book that I cowrote, titled America’s Top 100 Zoos & Aquariums, contains reviews and photos of 80 zoos and 20 aquariums. There are 35 out of the 80 zoos that currently display pinnipeds and 12 out of the 20 aquariums that display pinnipeds.

The weekly lists that I've done so far:

71 out of the 80 zoos have giraffes
61 out of the 80 zoos have rhinos
54 out of the 80 zoos have elephants
48 out of the 80 zoos have penguins (plus 16 out of 20 aquariums)
35 out of the 80 zoos have pinnipeds (plus 12 out of 20 aquariums)
22 out of the 80 zoos have common hippos (plus 12 have pygmy hippos)

When compiling these lists, I was pleased to see so many new pinniped exhibits that have been built in the past dozen years. Columbus, Como Park, Fresno Chaffee, Henry Vilas, Louisville, Omaha, Riverbanks, Saint Louis, Smithsonian’s National Zoo, Tulsa, Utah’s Hogle Zoo and Wildlife World Zoo, along with Georgia Aquarium and New England Aquarium, make it 14 facilities that have all built brand-new pinniped exhibits in the past dozen years.

However, there are at least 6 zoos that I’ve visited in the past dozen years that used to have pinnipeds and now they are gone. ABQ BioPark, Cincinnati, Detroit, El Paso, Gladys Porter and San Francisco. I have seen pinnipeds at all those zoos.

It’s also interesting to note that the DFW area (Dallas World Aquarium, Dallas Zoo, Fort Worth Zoo), which is home to an extraordinary number of species in a 30-minute radius, is completely devoid of pinnipeds. No wonder Dallas Zoo has tentative plans for a pinniped pool in its Master Plan!

The 35 zoos (in the book) that currently have pinnipeds:

Audubon
Birmingham
Bronx
Brookfield
Central Park
Cleveland
Columbus
Como Park
Denver
Fort Wayne
Fresno Chaffee
Henry Vilas
Houston
Indianapolis
Kansas City
Lincoln Park
Los Angeles
Louisville
Memphis
Milwaukee County
Minnesota
North Carolina
Oklahoma City
Omaha
Oregon
Pittsburgh
Point Defiance
Riverbanks
Roger Williams Park
Saint Louis
Smithsonian’s National Zoo
Toledo
Tulsa
Utah’s Hogle
Wildlife World

The 12 aquariums that have pinnipeds:

Aquarium of the Pacific
Georgia Aquarium
Moody Gardens
Mystic Aquarium
New England Aquarium
New York Aquarium
Oregon Coast Aquarium
Seattle Aquarium
SeaWorld Orlando
SeaWorld San Antonio
SeaWorld San Diego
Shedd Aquarium

Narrowing down the list to my 10 favourites took me an incredibly long time, testament to the fact that there are a lot of great pinniped exhibits in American zoos. I definitely prefer a more naturalistic backdrop, with mock-rock riverbanks and a Pacific Northwest vibe. That being said, the interesting exhibit designs at zoos such as Riverbanks and Hogle are excellent.

My 10 favourite pinniped exhibits in American zoos/aquariums (alphabetical ranking):

Fresno Chaffee
Memphis
North Carolina
Omaha
Oregon
Oregon Coast Aquarium
Riverbanks
Saint Louis
Smithsonian’s National Zoo
Utah’s Hogle
 
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It's honestly baffling that San Diego - generally considered the greatest zoo in the country and located where several pinniped species are native - has no representation in this category. One could argue it would be pointless for the zoo to have pinnipeds considering there are places to watch wild ones nearby, but they are an incredibly popular group of animals that can be found in almost every other major zoo so it feels weird to me that they are omitted at a zoo with everything but the kitchen sink. I believe they may have some sea lions off display that only come out for presentations in that stadium by the Reptile Walk, but I am unsure if that is still a thing.
 
It's honestly baffling that San Diego - generally considered the greatest zoo in the country and located where several pinniped species are native - has no representation in this category. One could argue it would be pointless for the zoo to have pinnipeds considering there are places to watch wild ones nearby, but they are an incredibly popular group of animals that can be found in almost every other major zoo so it feels weird to me that they are omitted at a zoo with everything but the kitchen sink. I believe they may have some sea lions off display that only come out for presentations in that stadium by the Reptile Walk, but I am unsure if that is still a thing.
I believe the reason for San Diego not keeping pinnipeds is that they don’t want to compete with the nearby Seaworld San Diego, which already has an extensive pinniped collection.
 
It would be interesting to see a breakdown of this list by species. How many are choosing California Sea Lions versus Harbor Seals versus something else? And what zoos only keep one species versus keeping multiple?
 
@Neil chace ask and you shall receive. :)

One small correction to @snowleopard's list. While doing this list I remember that Cincinnati no longer has pinnipeds. The lone California Sea Lion they did have died a few years ago and that exhibit has since been demolished.

Zoos:

Audubon - California Sea Lion
Birmingham - California Sea Lion
Bronx - California Sea Lion
Brookfield - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Grey Seal
Central Park - California Sea Lion
Cleveland - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Columbus - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Como Park - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Denver - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Fort Wayne - California Sea Lion
Fresno Chaffee - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Henry Vilas - Harbor Seal
Houston - California Sea Lion
Indianapolis - California Sea Lion, Grey Seal, Pacific Walrus
Kansas City - California Sea Lion
Lincoln Park - Gray Seal, Harbor Seal
Los Angeles - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Louisville - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Grey Seal
Memphis - California Sea Lion
Milwaukee County - California Seal Lion, Harbor Seal
Minnesota - Hawaiian Monk Seal
North Carolina - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Oklahoma City - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Omaha - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Oregon - Steller's Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Pittsburgh - California Sea Lion, Northern Elephant Seal
Point Defiance - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Pacific Walrus
Riverbanks - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Roger Williams Park - Harbor Seal
Saint Louis - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Smithsonian’s National Zoo - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Grey Seal
Toledo - Harbor Seal, Grey Seal
Tulsa - California Sea Lion
Hogle - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Wildlife World - California Sea Lion

Aquariums:
Aquarium of the Pacific - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Georgia Aquarium - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Moody Gardens - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal
Mystic Aquarium - Stellers Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal, Spotted Seal
New England Aquarium - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal
New York Aquarium - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal
Oregon Coast Aquarium - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Seattle Aquarium - Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal
SeaWorld Orlando - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Pacific Walrus
SeaWorld San Antonio - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
SeaWorld San Diego - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Ringed Seal, Guadalupe Fur Seal
Shedd Aquarium - California Sea Lion

Totals:

California Sea Lion Holders: 38
Harbor Seal Holders: 33

HUGE GAP

Grey Seal Holders: 5
Northern Fur Seal Holders: 5
Pacific Walrus Holders: 4
Steller's Sea Lion Holders: 2
Spotted Seal Holders: 1
Guadalupe Fur Seal Holders: 1
Hawaiian Monk Seal Holders: 1
Ringed Seal Holders: 1
Northern Elephant Seal Holders: 1

14 of these facilities keep only one species: Audubon, Birmingham, Bronx, Central Park, Fort Wayne, Henry Vilas, Houston, Kansas City, Memphis, Minnesota, Roger Williams Park, Tulsa, Wildlife World and Shedd Aquarium - the latter being the only aquarium with just one species.

22 of these facilities keep two species: Cleveland, Columbus, Como Park, Denver, Fresno, Lincoln Park, Los Angeles, Milwaukee, North Carolina, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Oregon, Pittsburgh, Riverbanks, Saint Louis, Toledo, Hogle, Aquarium of the Pacific, Georgia Aquarium, Oregon Coast Aquarium, Seattle Aquarium and SeaWorld San Antonio.

9 of these facilities keep three species: Brookfield, Indianapolis, Louisville, Point Defiance, Smithsonian, Moody Gardens, New England Aquarium, New York Aquarium and SeaWorld Orlando.

2 of these facilities keep four species: Mystic Aquarium and SeaWorld San Diego.

Keep in mind all of these numbers only come from the zoos featured in "America's top 100 Zoos and Aquariums." There are of course a ton of other pinnipeds in rescue centers and smaller facilities not featured in the book. The disparity between the numbers of holders between species is vast. California sea lions and harbor seals dominate while the other species have almost no representation in these zoos. In the future I would love to see some more support from the AZA for programs for rarer and endeared pinnipeds in favor of the much better off and more common California sea lion and harbor seal.

EDIT - Posted at the exact same time as @Coelacanth18. I see we have a few minor number differences but only by one or two placements. This seems to help confirm my list as accurate.
 
I also wanted to add that Seaworld Orlando currently has/ or had a Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) that was mostly kept off display in a behind-the-scenes area. But for those who question my knowledge, I have acquired this from two behind-the-scenes tours that my mother and I did together back in September and November of 2019.
 
Walrus Holders in the US are now down to 3, Indianapolis Zoo, SeaWorld San Diego, and SeaWorld Orlando.
Right, I had forgotten Point Defiance sent away their walruses at the end of last year. I do believe they intend on getting some back in the future though. Either way, that changes the totals to 23 facilities keeping two species and just eight facilities with three species.
 
@Neil chace ask and you shall receive. :)

One small correction to @snowleopard's list. While doing this list I remember that Cincinnati no longer has pinnipeds. The lone California Sea Lion they did have died a few years ago and that exhibit has since been demolished.

Zoos:

Audubon - California Sea Lion
Birmingham - California Sea Lion
Bronx - California Sea Lion
Brookfield - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Grey Seal
Central Park - California Sea Lion
Cleveland - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Columbus - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Como Park - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Denver - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Fort Wayne - California Sea Lion
Fresno Chaffee - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Henry Vilas - Harbor Seal
Houston - California Sea Lion
Indianapolis - California Sea Lion, Grey Seal, Pacific Walrus
Kansas City - California Sea Lion
Lincoln Park - Gray Seal, Harbor Seal
Los Angeles - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Louisville - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Grey Seal
Memphis - California Sea Lion
Milwaukee County - California Seal Lion, Harbor Seal
Minnesota - Hawaiian Monk Seal
North Carolina - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Oklahoma City - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Omaha - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Oregon - Steller's Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Pittsburgh - California Sea Lion, Northern Elephant Seal
Point Defiance - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Pacific Walrus
Riverbanks - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Roger Williams Park - Harbor Seal
Saint Louis - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Smithsonian’s National Zoo - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Grey Seal
Toledo - Harbor Seal, Grey Seal
Tulsa - California Sea Lion
Hogle - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Wildlife World - California Sea Lion

Aquariums:
Aquarium of the Pacific - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Georgia Aquarium - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Moody Gardens - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal
Mystic Aquarium - Stellers Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal, Spotted Seal
New England Aquarium - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal
New York Aquarium - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal
Oregon Coast Aquarium - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
Seattle Aquarium - Harbor Seal, Northern Fur Seal
SeaWorld Orlando - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Pacific Walrus
SeaWorld San Antonio - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal
SeaWorld San Diego - California Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Ringed Seal, Guadalupe Fur Seal
Shedd Aquarium - California Sea Lion

Totals:

California Sea Lion Holders: 38
Harbor Seal Holders: 33

HUGE GAP

Grey Seal Holders: 5
Northern Fur Seal Holders: 5
Pacific Walrus Holders: 4
Steller's Sea Lion Holders: 2
Spotted Seal Holders: 1
Guadalupe Fur Seal Holders: 1
Hawaiian Monk Seal Holders: 1
Ringed Seal Holders: 1
Northern Elephant Seal Holders: 1

14 of these facilities keep only one species: Audubon, Birmingham, Bronx, Central Park, Fort Wayne, Henry Vilas, Houston, Kansas City, Memphis, Minnesota, Roger Williams Park, Tulsa, Wildlife World and Shedd Aquarium - the latter being the only aquarium with just one species.

22 of these facilities keep two species: Cleveland, Columbus, Como Park, Denver, Fresno, Lincoln Park, Los Angeles, Milwaukee, North Carolina, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Oregon, Pittsburgh, Riverbanks, Saint Louis, Toledo, Hogle, Aquarium of the Pacific, Georgia Aquarium, Oregon Coast Aquarium, Seattle Aquarium and SeaWorld San Antonio.

9 of these facilities keep three species: Brookfield, Indianapolis, Louisville, Point Defiance, Smithsonian, Moody Gardens, New England Aquarium, New York Aquarium and SeaWorld Orlando.

2 of these facilities keep four species: Mystic Aquarium and SeaWorld San Diego.

Keep in mind all of these numbers only come from the zoos featured in "America's top 100 Zoos and Aquariums." There are of course a ton of other pinnipeds in rescue centers and smaller facilities not featured in the book. The disparity between the numbers of holders between species is vast. California sea lions and harbor seals dominate while the other species have almost no representation in these zoos. In the future I would love to see some more support from the AZA for programs for rarer and endeared pinnipeds in favor of the much better off and more common California sea lion and harbor seal.

EDIT - Posted at the exact same time as @Coelacanth18. I see we have a few minor number differences but only by one or two placements. This seems to help confirm my list as accurate.
Worth noting that Como keeps 2 gray seals.
San Diego Zoo actually has quite a few California Sea Lions that live off show, and are used in their educational programs at the Wegeforth Bowl.
Interesting! I wonder why the San Diego hasn’t build a new exhibit for them. It seems kind of strange that they would only occasionally bring them out on shows, yet not have an exhibit.
 
Really great list! But don't the Queens Zoo and Prospect Park Zoo both hold Sea Lions as well?
 
Besides the ones @snowleopard originally mentioned, other major United States zoos that had pinnipeds in the past included Reid Park Zoo and Santa Barbara Zoo. Both of which had California sea lions, which I did see at Santa Barbara, but unfortunately not Reid Park. I also vaguely remember hearing that Reid Park Zoo kept Harbor seals in the past as well. At Reid Park Zoo, they were kept in what is now the Spotted-necked otter exhibit. That exhibit was quite small for even one individual pinniped... Regarding former holders of pinnipeds, there are probably more that I am missing as well...

@DavidBrown didn't you say Sacramento Zoo had some sort of pinniped? Perhaps California sea lion?
 
Really great list! But don't the Queens Zoo and Prospect Park Zoo both hold Sea Lions as well?
The zoos included on this list are ones featured in “America’s top 100 Zoos and Aquariums”, which means that Prospect Park & Queens zoos were likely not featured in this book, and therefore not on the list.
 
The zoos included on this list are ones featured in “America’s top 100 Zoos and Aquariums”, which means that Prospect Park & Queens zoos were likely not featured in this book, and therefore not on the list.
Ah I see my mistake, thank you!
 
Besides the ones @snowleopard originally mentioned, other major United States zoos that had pinnipeds in the past included Reid Park Zoo and Santa Barbara Zoo. Both of which had California sea lions, which I did see at Santa Barbara, but unfortunately not Reid Park. I also vaguely remember hearing that Reid Park Zoo kept Harbor seals in the past as well. At Reid Park Zoo, they were kept in what is now the Spotted-necked otter exhibit. That exhibit was quite small for even one individual pinniped... Regarding former holders of pinnipeds, there are probably more that I am missing as well...

Both San Antonio and Abilene held California sea lions up until around the 1990s.
 
Both San Antonio and Abilene held California sea lions up until around the 1990s.

Ah thank you. Did you actually see and photograph the California sea lions in San Antonio and Abilene? If so, would you be willing to post these photos here?
 
In the past, the Los Angeles Zoo also kept Grey seals, Cape fur seals, and Northern elephant seal.

San Francisco Zoo and St. Louis Zoo used to keep Baikal seal in the past.

On my last visit to the Brookfield Zoo in 2003, they actually had Northern/Alaska fur seals. Northern/Alaska fur seals have also been kept at the San Diego Zoo, Smithsonian National Zoo, SeaWorld San Diego, New York Aquarium, Seattle Aquarium, and Moody Gardens Aquarium & Rainforest. I don't know if the San Francisco Zoo ever kept them in their current location, but there were captive one(s) kept in Golden Gate Park.

One fascinating species that San Diego Zoo used to keep is the Ribbon seal. There is a photograph of a Ribbon seal at San Diego Zoo in one of my volumes of Walker's Mammals of the World.

Regarding extinct pinniped taxa, the New York Aquarium actually kept Caribbean monk seal. A photograph of this animal is easy to find online.
 
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Thanks for all the great responses! When I first compiled my list, it was intriguing to note that almost half the zoos had pinnipeds (35 out of 80) and just over half the aquariums had pinnipeds (12 out of 20). A grand total of 47 out of the 'best' 100 establishments seemed a reasonable total.

However, the lack of diversity is a bit shocking. I've got a master list of between 750 and 800 'zoos' in the United States and to currently only have 3 of those facilities with walruses is really unfortunate. I live an hour away from Vancouver Aquarium and it's common for me to visit and see 4 pinniped species (Steller's sea lion, California sea lion, harbour seal and northern fur seal), but that truly is not the norm. Of the almost 35 pinniped species in the world, American zoos almost exclusively focus on two common types, in the shape of California sea lions and harbour seals. There's only 13 pinniped species in captivity on the continent. In the next couple of decades, perhaps there will only be California sea lions, harbour seals and then not really much else in U.S. zoos and aquariums.

One way to see captive pinnipeds (in very basic accommodation), is to stop by rescue centers. On my 2017 road trip thread, I reviewed 4 such facilities that are all in California. Northcoast Marine Mammal Center had 7 harbour seals when I visited, but throughout the year the facility often has several other species as well. Marine Mammal Center opened in 1975 but thanks to a $32 million overhaul in 2009 it is well worth seeing and during my visit the species list consisted of 10 northern elephant seals, 10 northern fur seals, 12 harbour seals and 30 California sea lions for a grand total of 62 pinnipeds...wow! It's only a 30-minute visit, but interesting to see 4 pinniped species at once. At the Marine Mammal Care Center I saw several northern elephant seals and at least 8 California sea lions, plus the center regularly has harbour seals, northern fur seals and even the occasional Guadalupe Fur Seal. Pacific Mammal Center had northern elephant seals and California sea lions.

I visited all 4 of those California pinniped centers between July 1st and July 12th, 2017.
 
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