@Astrobird
True. To be honest (Cairns/Mareeba/Shambala was great species wise, actually learnt about the zoo when emailed Perth in late 2003 to ask where Barney & Missy the Syrian Bears had gone.) though that zoo was very much open range in terms of its generous exhibit sizes and site size (3 acre exhibit for the Syrian Bears was amazing) had always catalogued Cairns in my mind with the rural country zoos as a separate category from the 'big 4 open range zoos' (Dubbo, Werribee, Monarto, Orana) even though so many of them (Altina etc) are open range zoos too actually. I'd made an assumption too without stating it so my bad, that it was moreso species planning in the 1990s or '80s with acquiring species and enough holders for an ongoing population in the region (but again wasnt specified, and irrelevant as if enough other country zoos with acres and acres, open range style had come on board the same time as Cairns did in 2003 and further Brown Bear imports had occured respectively then '90s, early '00s it wouldnt matter when there would likely still be Syrian Brown Bearns in the region).
To have created a viable regional population of Syrian brown bears, action would have really needed to be taken in the 1980’s or 1990’s when they were still readily available. By the start of the 2010’s, we had an handful of elderly bears (from a non viable number of founders). Melbourne imported young bears in 1985 and 1987 and a male and female produced the last litter (unplanned) in the region in 1993. They weren’t difficult to breed and were readily available from Europe at this time.
Fast forward to 2023 and they’re now held by 20 European facilities, the majority of which are abstract zoos nobody’s ever heard of. Armenia alone has three holders. The most well known holders are the Heidelberg Zoo and Lisbon Zoo; as well as the Ramat Gan Zoo and the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo (all of which we’ve participated in exchanges with as a region over the past two decades). The last Syrian bear birth in captivity appears to have been in 2018, suggesting we’re heading for a global phase out.