Marwell Wildlife Sand Cat behaviour

Zambar

Well-Known Member
15+ year member
From the official website.

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2009 may be the year of our first ever sand cat kittens

Our first ever female sand cat settled in well to her new home in the Desert carnivore house last year. After potential successful matings with the lucky chosen male out of our three hopefuls, anticipations are now high for the patter of little foot pads appearing during 2009.


The sand cat is the only felid found primarily in true desert, and has a wide distribution through the deserts of northern Africa and southwest and central Asia. However, the sand cat is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. Degradation of desert ecosystems is widely acknowledged as an urgent conservation problem, and could result in a decline of up to 30% in the sand cat population, caused by a declining small mammal prey base. Vulnerable arid ecosystems are being rapidly degraded by human settlements and are suffering further loss of natural habitat by the introduction of livestock. Other localized threats include the introduction of feral and domestic dogs and cats, (competition for food and also transmit diseases).


The sand cat is well adapted to arid deserts as it obtains all the water it needs from its small mammal prey base which includes rodents, birds and reptiles. Their highly sensitive ears are well adapted for hearing animals both above and below the surface of the desert as they have an enlarged auditory bulla and ear flaps, which give them their characteristic triangular shape as well as enhanced hearing. Other characteristics include foot pads which are covered with thick hair, enabling them to travel easily over moving sand and insulates them from the hot desert.


The 10 year old female (named 'Khali') and the eight year old male (named 'Kalahari') along with his two brothers can be seen in the Desert carnivore house. Only three other sand cats live in the UK (at Bristol Zoo). You can easily distinguish 'Khali' as she has a collapsed left ear caused by a haematoma which has healed well but it is unlikely the ear will return to its original shape.


After a gestation of around 65 days, 2-4 Kittens may be born early April and will stay together as a family unit until autumn. Newborn kittens weigh around 40g, eventually growing to weigh between 3-4kg.

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Some fantastic news, as if all goes well Marwell will have the first sand cat young in the UK for several years.
 
Sorry if i sound ignorant but are sand cats rare within captivity? It just seems a shame that there are 2 male cats without at opportunity of breeding. It would be ideal if a second female was sent to Marwell and then maybe a male sent away for breeding, so that there could be alternate matings between the ones kept at Marwell?
 
They have been relatively rare for some time in captivity. However, the most important reasons are the fact that the EEP population needs genetic diversification - fortunatelty more founders have become available from Al Wabra and hopefully soon Al Ain as well as the very delicate nature and diligent husbandry requirements of sand cats in captivity which make the species coordinator reluctant to make available females for breeding before adequate experience with the species has been gained by the collections involved (by housing single males).

The recent infusion of new blood from Al Wabra and the species programme transferring to Osnabrueck Zoo give cause for some optimism in numbers and breeding of this beautiful and rare small felid.
 
Good news about one of my favourite species - I like it. :D Fingers crossed for kittens at Marwell soon then, they're the most adorable little creatures, so if they do breed then do go and see them if you get the chance!

However, I'm a bit alarmed that only Marwell and Bristol now keep Sand Cats in the UK. A few years ago they were also kept at London and Colchester - is this no longer the case? :( I know Twycross no longer have them which I felt was a huge shame.
 
I have seen them at london, sandcat but they moved out when it was refurbished

hasnt marwell had sandats for quite some time?
 
Out of interest, what other species are in the Desert Carnivore house, mongooses and things like that?

I've seen Sand Cats at Twycross, Bristol and London, it is interesting to find out that it's only Bristol that's still got them out of those three. Hope all goes well at Marwell.
 
Out of interest, what other species are in the Desert Carnivore house, mongooses and things like that?

I've seen Sand Cats at Twycross, Bristol and London, it is interesting to find out that it's only Bristol that's still got them out of those three. Hope all goes well at Marwell.

They have dwarf mongoose, several reptiles (tortoise and lizard) and sometimes rodents like mice and degus, i think!

md will be able to tell you more...
 
Both Colchester and London have indeed gone out of sandcats. I do not know the reason. Bristol Zoo has for a long time now kept just 0.3 only.

I suppose their situation is down to unavailability of unrelated individuals. An indication that Al Ain and perhaps even more founders are needed to for the programme to become fully self-sustaining ...!

Note: lest we forget .. a few years back this felid was virtually unrepresented in Europe and now has a population of 120+. A similar feat has happened with the equally beautiful manul at 110+! :D

I wish the same were also true for black-footed cat and European wild cat!!! :(
 
Both Colchester and London have indeed gone out of sandcats. I do not know the reason. Bristol Zoo has for a long time now kept just 0.3 only.

I suppose their situation is down to unavailability of unrelated individuals. An indication that Al Ain and perhaps even more founders are needed to for the programme to become fully self-sustaining ...!

Note: lest we forget .. a few years back this felid was virtually unrepresented in Europe and now has a population of 120+. A similar feat has happened with the equally beautiful manul at 110+! :D

I wish the same were also true for black-footed cat and European wild cat!!! :(


Disapointing - but thanks all for the info anyway. Incidentally, I believe Marwell briefly kept a Black Footed Cat in the Desert Carnivores exhibit - sadly it died before they had chance to pair it up, and getting a replacement wasn't possible.

As for European Wild Cats; are they that rare in zoos? I thought most places didn't want them as they look fairly similar to a pet cat, but I can think of at least 3 UK collections that keep them, probably more.
 
I think Marwell kept their kusimanse at one point in the desert carnivores house, have Marwell bred from their kusimanse?
 
Yes, Marwell have bred cuismanse.

The Desert Carnivores house currently holds Sand Cat, Cusimanse and Egyptian Tortoise. In the past it has held Black-Footed Cat, Meerkat, Dwarf Mongoose, Arabian Spiny Mouse and Spiny-Tailed Lizard.

European or Scottish Wildcats can be seen at the Highland Wildlife Park, the New Forest Otter, Owl and Wildlife Park, Wildwood Discovery Park, the British Wildlife Centre, Port Lymnpe Wild Animal Park, Twycross Zoo and the Chestnut Centre.
 
theres a sanctuary near myself that has a pair of scottish wild cats (they say are the real thing) they are certainly aggresive enough and look like one. and daryton manor zoo had some last time i was there
 
European or Scottish Wildcats can be seen at the Highland Wildlife Park, the New Forest Otter, Owl and Wildlife Park, Wildwood Discovery Park, the British Wildlife Centre, Port Lymnpe Wild Animal Park, Twycross Zoo and the Chestnut Centre.

You can add the Seal Sanctuary at Mablethorpe to that list too.
 
What I meant regarding wild cats Felis silvestris ssp. is pure-bred to subspecies level.

I suppose some of the collections mentioned house pure-bred Scottish wild cats F. silvestris grampia (ISIS: 15.13.1 + 1.1 Galloway?) and nominate F. silvestris silvestris (ISIS 52.49).

There is a chance for also building up good captive stocks for F. silvestris gordoni, the Omani/UAE subspecies (ISIS: 19.20 + 0.1 Al Wabra? and 1.3 Sharjah?).
 
The RSCC , Kent , web-site shows them having both Arabian sand cats and black-footed cats . Nothing showing on ISIS , but their records do not appear to have been up-dated for some time .
 
What I meant regarding wild cats Felis silvestris ssp. is pure-bred to subspecies level.

I suppose some of the collections mentioned house pure-bred Scottish wild cats F. silvestris grampia (ISIS: 15.13.1 + 1.1 Galloway?) and nominate F. silvestris silvestris (ISIS 52.49).

There is a chance for also building up good captive stocks for F. silvestris gordoni, the Omani/UAE subspecies (ISIS: 19.20 + 0.1 Al Wabra? and 1.3 Sharjah?).

I realise you are quoting ISIS, but please remember that there is no basis for differentiating 'Scottish' grampia from other European silvestris. Genetically they are the same, if you are able to disregard the domestic cat introgression.

The low founder base seems to have been a regular problem for a number of small felids - African goldens, marbled, rusty-spotted and pampas, have all struggled to produce viable captive populations in the past. Let us hope that the Middle Eastern population of Sand cats increases with this new blood.
 
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