Smithsonian National Zoo Smithsonian National Zoo News 2015

Thank you for the welcome! I don't know nearly as much as the rest of you about some of the lesser-known species at the zoo, but I do have good elephant information from zoos all over the country.

All of the breeding zoos publish pregnancy news as early as six months in, as well as other news to keep members feeling involved. I'm completely vexed and frustrated by the zoo's lack of forthcomingness on a number of issues regarding elephants. i can only guess that they are unwilling to give activists fodder for their mill, but by doing so, they're losing a valuable opportunity to make people feel connected to these animals, something we need if they are to be saved from extinction. I'm sure youve all seen how infrequently there are any updates to the webpage, and there are only 4-5 for the entire last two years. I think they've mishandled the Kandula issue in a big way. Back in 2004 when they were trying to raise money to build Elephant Trails, they cited the necessity to have a stronger facility so they could keep Kandula and a larger habitat to enable a breeding herd to be established. Longtime donors feel betrayed to find that Kandula is leaving and that the "multi-generational breeding herd" is now highly skewed toward retirement age. Once Elephant Trails was completed, NZP was actively looking for a group of females to come here; from what I know, they weren't ordered by AZP to accept the Calgary group, although it may have been the price to pay for that rare breeding-age female we got in Maharani. But they made a tactical error in accepting the Calgary herd knowing full well that Kandula's grandmother Kamala is Maharani's mother, making breeding between Maharani and Kandula impossible. Accepting this offer meant Kandula would have to leave, so the zoo simply kept quiet about the relationship. Newspapers in OKC and all over the country carried the story of Kandula's move, saying that he couldn't be bred here because he was closely related to the only breeding-age female--but no one here was ever notified about that, not even in Tony Barthel's video package about the move. It's like a big secret, because they knew that Elephant Trails donors would be shocked that they knowingly accepted a situation that would force Kandula's departure. This makes it much harder to swallow now. Theyve known about OKC and Indy coming here for 6-9 months if not longer, so why not share this news? Especially for the nation's publicly-funded zoo for the whole nation, this is somewhat shocking to me.

It's also disturbing to me that nothing has ever been said about Swarna. Others zoos have faced TB--if that's what the worry was--and used the opportunity to share that it's treatable, how it's treated, that it can really only be spread indoors, etc. Activists are never more suspicious than when information is withheld, especially since medical records are a matter of public record, so handling it this way has only made things worse. Of course, most of us are genuinely concerned about Swarna's health and wonder what could have befallen her to necessitate the closure of the Elephant House for months. If NZP involved us the way other zoos do, this concern would probably even manifest itself in additional donations. They're doing SO much SO well--why not publicize it?

None of the info I shared above was gossip; it all came--and was confirmed by--keepers at several other zoos, who knew about Kandula and Indy a long time ago. In fact, all of these people were surprised that it wasn't common knowledge in DC.

Regarding Rex, I think the hope is that he'll teach Kandula behaviorally how to be an adult bull. However, NZP has been getting viable semen samples from him for some time, so this part won't be entirely new!
 
The zoo had Bengal tigers until the early 2000's so i'm sure they had other Indian animals... and the fact that the India exhibit was basically a sign and portrait maybe next to animals around the zoo FROM India.

Also I don't know how long but the I think every animal on the Asia trail the zoo had well before it opened in 2006 {maybe not the salamander}.

Also Welcome to zoochat!


Thank you, dcpandafan! I'm thrilled to see the very comprehensive updates on even the smallest species here, which I know much less about. Aside from elephants, my contributions may be limited to zoo history, which I only know because lol of my ever-advancing age. I will enjoy this!

I grew up coming to the National Zoo, and I remember Sumatran tigers going back into at least the late 70s0s when Kerinci, the mother of Soyono who was euthanized about a year ago, arrived from the wild. But there was the white tiger who would have been Bengal, so you're right there In addition, there are probably many smaller animals that I don't know as well who could hail from India.

As I remember it, nearly all of the Asia Trail species except pandas and elephants were either new to NZP or to the Rock Creek facility. Dr. Lucy Spellman, then director, made it her personal mission to bring sloth bears to DC, so certain that their antics would make them a huge draw that they were ultimately placed right at the Connecticut Ave entrance. The fishing cats and red pandas may have been at SBCI in Virginia before this time, but I think the others were new. We would visit SBCI in October each year, and I don't remember seeing any of the other species like the salamanders there.
 
As I remember it, nearly all of the Asia Trail species except pandas and elephants were either new to NZP or to the Rock Creek facility. Dr. Lucy Spellman, then director, made it her personal mission to bring sloth bears to DC, so certain that their antics would make them a huge draw that they were ultimately placed right at the Connecticut Ave entrance. The fishing cats and red pandas may have been at SBCI in Virginia before this time, but I think the others were new. We would visit SBCI in October each year, and I don't remember seeing any of the other species like the salamanders there.

The Sloth bears were at the zoo well before Asia trail.

The zoo had these old bear grottos {I posted a pic of them on here} and they held many bears over the year like Black bears {I believe smokey lived there}, Grizzly, Kodiak and Sloth bears and probably many others.

Here's a picture of a sloth bear in these old grottos in 98, A good 8 years before Asia trail opened.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/ucumari/203289553/in/album-72157622539658153/

The Asian small clawed otters were also at the zoo prior to Asia trail.

I believe they were kept in beaver valley which today is the American trail.

The Red pandas were also at the zoo. They lived in what today is the North american porcupine exhibit.

They were the Red pandas that died after eating rat poison that was put into their exhibit.

I'm pretty sure the zoo had Clouded leopards and Fishing cats before Asia trail as well but i'm not really sure where they were kept.
 
I grew up coming to the National Zoo, and I remember Sumatran tigers going back into at least the late 70s0s when Kerinci, the mother of Soyono who was euthanized about a year ago, arrived from the wild. But there was the white tiger who would have been Bengal, so you're right there In addition, there are probably many smaller animals that I don't know as well who could hail from India.

I'm pretty sure the zoo never had an actual exhibit area for Indian species like Asia trail, I think it was just a series a graphics around the zoo for animals from India.'

Animals Native to India | Exhibitions | Smithsonian
 
The Sloth bears were at the zoo well before Asia trail.

The zoo had these old bear grottos {I posted a pic of them on here} and they held many bears over the year like Black bears {I believe smokey lived there}, Grizzly, Kodiak and Sloth bears and probably many others.

Here's a picture of a sloth bear in these old grottos in 98, A good 8 years before Asia trail opened.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/ucumari/203289553/in/album-72157622539658153/

The Asian small clawed otters were also at the zoo prior to Asia trail.

I believe they were kept in beaver valley which today is the American trail.

The Red pandas were also at the zoo. They lived in what today is the North american porcupine exhibit.

They were the Red pandas that died after eating rat poison that was put into their exhibit.

I'm pretty sure the zoo had Clouded leopards and Fishing cats before Asia trail as well but i'm not really sure where they were kept.
I first visited NZP in 1998 and has been returning there a few times a year ever since. I remember sloth bears in the old grottos (and also a lone female Kodiak bear next to them), and small-clawed otters on Beaver Trail (they were in the same exhibit as North American otters are today). I first saw red pandas in the today's giant anteater exhibit. Then they were moved to North American porcupine exhibit, and i think New Guinea singing dogs came to anteater exhibit. Fishing cats were kept in the now-closed area behind prairie-dogs and North American porcupines exhibits. Other species in the same area included a single jaguarundi, a few coatis, and cusimanses. I don't think ther were any clouded leopards until Asia Trail opening, but some were kept in the Front Royal breeding facility
 
The Sloth bears were at the zoo well before Asia trail.

The zoo had these old bear grottos {I posted a pic of them on here} and they held many bears over the year like Black bears {I believe smokey lived there}, Grizzly, Kodiak and Sloth bears and probably many others.

Here's a picture of a sloth bear in these old grottos in 98, A good 8 years before Asia trail opened.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/ucumari/203289553/in/album-72157622539658153/

The Asian small clawed otters were also at the zoo prior to Asia trail.

I believe they were kept in beaver valley which today is the American trail.

The Red pandas were also at the zoo. They lived in what today is the North american porcupine exhibit.

They were the Red pandas that died after eating rat poison that was put into their exhibit.

I'm pretty sure the zoo had Clouded leopards and Fishing cats before Asia trail as well but i'm not really sure where they were kept.


See, I've aged enough that my memory is failing! Forget NZP history as an area of possible contribution! I remember the bear grottos well, includng the old ones across from where the giant anteater exhibit has been at the very top of Beaver Vallley. I just hadn't remembered sloth bears. And I remembered the rat poisoning that killed the red pandas but somehow thought that happened later than it did. It was part of the reason Spellman was fired, so it clearly was indeed earlier.

Here's a blast from the past--do you go back far enough to remember when there was a polar bear down on the site that became Amazonia? I was so crushed when they sent him away that I boycotted Amazonia for years. Yes, Smokey was there, and a wonderful old Kodiak bear whose name I remembered fondly for years.
 
Here's a blast from the past--do you go back far enough to remember when there was a polar bear down on the site that became Amazonia? I was so crushed when they sent him away that I boycotted Amazonia for years. Yes, Smokey was there, and a wonderful old Kodiak bear whose name I remembered fondly for years.

Kiska was her name and she died in 2003.

Here's a picture for you.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/ucumari/203289956/in/album-72157622539658153/

And I know the zoo had an exhibit for Polar bears where Amazonia is today and I also know that it was used for swimming lessons after the bear left. But I never saw the Polar bear as i'm only a teenager in high school.

{Yea because of that to sorry about my bad grammar}

Also you might know more but I've been told by my mother a lot about the zoo back than and she's told me that the only reason the zoo built Amazonia was because the director at the time didn't like that the only reason people were going to the zoo was to see the pandas so he decided to build Amazonia as a new big attraction for the zoo. She also told me that when it first opened there were lines well out the door and originally you needed tickets to get in.

Oh how times have changed.
 
Kiska was her name and she died in 2003.

Here's a picture for you.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/ucumari/203289956/in/album-72157622539658153/

And I know the zoo had an exhibit for Polar bears where Amazonia is today and I also know that it was used for swimming lessons after the bear left. But I never saw the Polar bear as i'm only a teenager in high school.

{Yea because of that to sorry about my bad grammar}

Also you might know more but I've been told by my mother a lot about the zoo back than and she's told me that the only reason the zoo built Amazonia was because the director at the time didn't like that the only reason people were going to the zoo was to see the pandas so he decided to build Amazonia as a new big attraction for the zoo. She also told me that when it first opened there were lines well out the door and originally you needed tickets to get in.

Oh how times have changed.

Thank you so much! She had really shrunken by the end of her life. We tend to look at old enclosures with scorn, but these grottos were not half bad compared to the very old cages with bars that the Philadelphia Zoo still had 10 years ago.

I'm so impressed, dcpandafan, that someone your age values history of public places this much. You have such a wealth of knowledge not only about species, but now the history of the zoo too. Is there some source that provides a historical overview of eras and significant animals? I LOVED seeing kiska's enclosure!

lol You'll have to clarify your "times have sure changed" for me. I thought I had unfairly dismissed Amazonia all these years due to the bitterness of losing my polar bear, but I thought saving rain forests and treasuring all the microscopic treasures found therein was politically de rigeur now. Do you mean you find it a snore too? (even without my bitterness?!)
 
Thank you so much! She had really shrunken by the end of her life. We tend to look at old enclosures with scorn, but these grottos were not half bad compared to the very old cages with bars that the Philadelphia Zoo still had 10 years ago.

I'm so impressed, dcpandafan, that someone your age values history of public places this much. You have such a wealth of knowledge not only about species, but now the history of the zoo too. Is there some source that provides a historical overview of eras and significant animals? I LOVED seeing kiska's enclosure!

lol You'll have to clarify your "times have sure changed" for me. I thought I had unfairly dismissed Amazonia all these years due to the bitterness of losing my polar bear, but I thought saving rain forests and treasuring all the microscopic treasures found therein was politically de rigeur now. Do you mean you find it a snore too? (even without my bitterness?!)

I don't really have a general source for anything. I've been told some stuff from my mom, found some info from this site and just searched the web.

Though when it comes to past exhibits I just use this.

Search | Exhibitions | Smithsonian

Also what I meant by times have changed was my mom has told me that Amazonia used to have lines out the door and to get in and you used to need tickets but now because of where it is in the zoo it's probably one of the least visited exhibits. Whenever I go unlike other exhibits like great apes, small mammals and the major outdoor exhibits, there's a lot of people so you have to make your way around the people but in amazonia {well whenever I've gone} you can just simply walk through there's not many people in there and you don't need to wait for people to get out of the away or just be one of those people and say "excuse me" and just walk through people by just pushing them out of the way.

I used to be that person.
 
Sometime this winter the zoos 24-year old female double-wattled cassowary Earline will move to another zoo to be paired with a male cassowary and hopefully breed.
 
I think they've mishandled the Kandula issue in a big way. Back in 2004 when they were trying to raise money to build Elephant Trails, they cited the necessity to have a stronger facility so they could keep Kandula and a larger habitat to enable a breeding herd to be established. Longtime donors feel betrayed to find that Kandula is leaving and that the "multi-generational breeding herd" is now highly skewed toward retirement age. Once Elephant Trails was completed, NZP was actively looking for a group of females to come here; from what I know, they weren't ordered by AZP to accept the Calgary group, although it may have been the price to pay for that rare breeding-age female we got in Maharani. But they made a tactical error in accepting the Calgary herd knowing full well that Kandula's grandmother Kamala is Maharani's mother, making breeding between Maharani and Kandula impossible. Accepting this offer meant Kandula would have to leave, so the zoo simply kept quiet about the relationship. Newspapers in OKC and all over the country carried the story of Kandula's move, saying that he couldn't be bred here because he was closely related to the only breeding-age female--but no one here was ever notified about that, not even in Tony Barthel's video package about the move. It's like a big secret, because they knew that Elephant Trails donors would be shocked that they knowingly accepted a situation that would force Kandula's departure. This makes it much harder to swallow now. Theyve known about OKC and Indy coming here for 6-9 months if not longer, so why not share this news? Especially for the nation's publicly-funded zoo for the whole nation, this is somewhat shocking to me.

Hi Ambika,
I have a question, and you're obviously pretty knowledgeable. My understanding of elephant husbandry, at least in the UK, is that the most desirable set up is a matriachal herd, with bulls staying for 6-8 years (or until their daughters are mature).
Why then would the National Zoo have had a plan to keep a long-term breeding male?
Hope you can clear this up for me. Also, welcome to zoochat :)
FG
 
Before the elephant habitat renovation, national zoo had 3 elephants. Kandula, the bull, Shanthi, Kandula's mom, and Ambika, who is in her mid to late 60s. The National Zoo would want to keep Kandula to breed with other new elephants who could've come that wouldn't be related to Kandula, but unfortunately they got a new group of elephants who are. So they wanted to keep him but couldn't. They are getting a new breeding bull to replace him.

Also, the zoo is retaining ownership over Kandula and so they hope that someday in the far away future he might return, and there might be unrelated females there for him to breed with. But they might've just said that to sound good for the press
 
There is no wrong in following the guidelines of the species coordinator. When the new elephant facility was being built this Calgary transfer to NZP was far from certain. And yes, the intention was to have a breeding facility with bull housing and a no time can and will the breeding program agree to an elephant staying when based on genetics and demography of the entire population it would be in the best interest to transfer an individual out. This is what eventually happened with Kandula.

In my humble opinion, NZP is still true to its vision with a replacement bull able to breed with all females at NZP with a vision of creating natural family structures within their herd. Aside, when at some later date breeding is so successful it may even mean / enforce splitting up the female matriarchal herd at NZP into 2 different lines (just viz the European program on the Asiatics where we now thanks to good breeding results have been forces quite a number of times to separate entire herds along family / matriarchal lines). Sure that phase is still a way way long way off at NZP and most US zoos.

So, good luck to bull Kandula at the new facility he will be going to and the new incoming bull to arrive at NZP!
 
Question-

Why does everybody seem to give Maharani the title "A rare breeding age female like Maharani"


Because it's virtually impossible to find a breeding-age female in the US. Nearly all are in fewer than a dozen zoos: Syracuse, DC, Columbus, Cincinnati, St. Louis, OK City, Tampa's Busch Gardens, Fort Worth, Houston, Albuquerque, and Portland. The LA Zoo has an incredible new exhibit and the handsome, be-ivoried Billy with wild-born genes as yet unrepresented in offspring, but the zoo has been unable to get any breeding-age female in the five years since the exhibit opened. Dickerson Park and Tulsa have breeding males and a history of successful breeding, but can't get females. And even 30-year-olds that may seem to still have be breeding age--like Romani in Syracuse, Sung Surin in Portland, Vaigai on Honolulu are either too old to risk first-time births or have "female troubles" that prevent them from breeding. Even the nation-wide AZA mission to pair up all possible breeding specimens can't make females materialize that just aren't available.

The only other breeding-age females in North America are in the greatly successful herds at the Ringling Conservation Center in FL (which has bred 26 calves in the last 20 years) and African Lion Safari in Ontario (which has had 17 successful Asian calves despite its name in the last 20 years). ALS has already sent elephants to Columbus, Europe, and Albuquerque, and Ringling has loaned or given 8 elephants to US zoos, including Casey and Romeo to Fort Worth and Syracuse's Doc. Without their cooperation and participation, US zoos chances of maintaining the Asian population would be remote, since all US zoo births together don't average what ALS or Ringling average in a year. The only way I foresee zoos to obtain that rare breeding-age female is for ALS and Ringling to share theirs. ALS has had 4 baby girls in the last 2 years, but they don't have many young mothers. Ringling has 9 girls aged 10-20, and since most have not yet produced, I suspect they are travelling with the circus. In 2018, when Ringling stops using elephants in its circus shows, those females will presumably be back home at Ringling's conservation center and will be available to breed. Given Ringling's strong financial contributions to herpes research and donations/loans of male elephants, it's clear they're on board to save the species, and i suspect they may make loans of these young females after that time to help zoos in need start their own herds.

Thank you, FunkyGibbon for your welcome. In 2005 when Elephant Trails funding was being solicited, the AZA effort to move males around hadn't begun, and zoos traditionally kept the calves they bred, especially since survivors were so rare in the first two decades of the herpes virus. In hindsight, there should have been no reason to believe we would keep a male, but that is what NZP told us nevertheless. Do you know that Kandula's father is Calvin, now in Ostrava, and that Kandula's replacement at NZP will be Indy, the father of Emmet in Whipsnade Zoo? ALS also sent its male Nikolai to Europe 15 years ago, and he's bred quite fruitfully. The US has just gotten it's first contribution back from Europe, the juvenile Billy in Denver, formerly Budi of (I think) Antwerp. Swapping males across the ocean like this will enhance genetic diversity even further.
 
PS, FunkyGibbon, It was not at all uncommon back before the widespread AZA Species Survival Plan for zoos to keep their males into adulthood. Portland still has the infamous Packy and had Packy's son Rama until his death last year. Tampa/Busch bred its impressive male, Ganesh aka Spike, who only moved to Calgary because a hurricane seriously damaged the facility in 1992. St. Louis also kept its male Rajah, who has fathered 4 daughters in the last decade. I think St. Louis is the only zoo to have a three-generation herd on both maternal and paternal sides.
 
LOL I told you I would be able to contribute about Asian elephants in captivity and not much else. I don't even know what the "quolles" you were speaking of earlier are, and now there are none on the entire continent. Btw, dcpandafan,my daughter was amazed at the notion of Sri Lankan elephants having no tusks, as if this solved some great mystery for her. She dug deep and reported back, eyes twinkling, that only 7% of SL males have tusks, and a similarly low proportion of females have tushes. She expresses her delight and thanks!

We're off on our 8-hour round-trip trek to NZP today, our last chance to say goodbye to Kandula. We ended up spending two days in July being pelted by the winds and rains of tropical cyclone Dolores in San Diego's Safari Park, so hurricane Jauquin should be a snap! We treat every visit as a possible last chance to drink in Ambika, who at 67, will leave us one day sooner than later. She's the second-oldest Asian elephant in North America, and she's the girl I grew up with. :):)
 
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