Smithsonian National Zoo Smithsonian National Zoo News 2016

Dickerson Park currently has 2 females, Moola and patience, and Indy the bull. From what I've heard since Connie died is that Patience and Moola don't get along given the new dynamic and that they are on rotation on exhibit. Maybe someone closer and more familiar could confirm or eloborate on the situation? I've also heard that Moola is still a potential breeder, however her recommendation was to breed with Khun chorn.

Well if they have 1.2, then the three animals rule is only kind of met. As far as their situation goes, I'd say it seems to make more sense to get a third female and then keep a breeding bull (assuming their set-up is adequate for 1.3 animals). Not sure where that'd leave Smithsonian of course.

~Thylo:cool:
 
I thought that Indy was going to breed with the other breeding-age female at SNZ (I think its Maharani) instead of Shanthi because it has been too many years between when Kandula was born and now for Shanthi to still be able to give birth. Also I feel like breeding Shanthi might be bad and would put a lot of stress on her since she is already having foot problems, even though I know they are unrelated.
 
I thought that Indy was going to breed with the other breeding-age female at SNZ (I think its Maharani) instead of Shanthi because it has been too many years between when Kandula was born and now for Shanthi to still be able to give birth. Also I feel like breeding Shanthi might be bad and would put a lot of stress on her since she is already having foot problems, even though I know they are unrelated.

How long is too long between pregnancies for a female Elephant? Does it vary between species?
 
As per AZA guidelines, the oldest a female should be bred at for the first time is 24, and the longest a female should go between calves is 10 years. Granted, not all zoo's follow this to the tee (there are a number of zoos, primarily with Africans, that have attempted to breed first time mothers at older ages). These guide lines apply to both species.

Honestly, I am very conflicted on the whole issue with Dickerson Park and NZP. As we all know, DPZ has had its breeding program crippled by EEHV, and Smithsonian has the disease amongst its animals as well.

I feel like perhaps artificial insemination might be the way to go for NZP. It will allow Dickerson Park to maintain it's 3 animals, and hopefully limit the potential for new strains of EEHV to enter NZP.
 
Yeah but also, I feel like if a calf is born at NZP, even if it gets EEHV, its survival rate would be high. Like, basically, all the zoos who breed elephants have to send samples of trunk mucus or whatever to SNZ labs, and then SNZ reports their findings. And because EEHV is such a big issue and so central to SNZ's elephant programs and scientific discoveries and stuff, I believe that the elephant has a high survival rate. SNZ basically has this huge advantage for calves living, because of these labs located so closeby.
 
Yeah but also, I feel like if a calf is born at NZP, even if it gets EEHV, its survival rate would be high. Like, basically, all the zoos who breed elephants have to send samples of trunk mucus or whatever to SNZ labs, and then SNZ reports their findings. And because EEHV is such a big issue and so central to SNZ's elephant programs and scientific discoveries and stuff, I believe that the elephant has a high survival rate. SNZ basically has this huge advantage for calves living, because of these labs located so closeby.

Just because the zoo does a lot of research on the disease doesn't necessarily mean their calves have a higher success rate than other zoo's. The zoos get the reports back and all breeding zoos that have to deal with EEHV are trying to overcome it.

~Thylo:cool:
 
Yeah but they have all the experts right there on the site

Still doesn't mean any calves they have will survive. Many other zoos have their own experts and do research on the virus but still lose calves. Chester Zoo in the UK has its own team of experts and has been studying the virus for years but they've still lost five calves since 2009 after it was introduced to their herd.

~Thylo:cool:
 
Can the SSP not find another Elephant for Dickerson Park to replace both Indy and Khun Chorn ? Hence freeing up Indy to go to NZP when the 3rd Elephant arrives.... Or is that too simple??

It's pretty complicated, but not unheard of. If one zoo with 2 decides to close its exhibit, both can go to zoos with a shortage. Ringling has sent retired females to Little Rock so they could keep their exhibit, as well as sending both a retired female and breeding female to Tulsa. A female would meet the rule, but breeding Moola would then be harder. At age 35 she had her last calf in 2006, so she is just on the cusp of not being able to breed again. Khun Chorn was apparently bred many times, but was never successful; he was considered very valuable genetically, because his father was the infamous Packy of Portland who started the breeding movement of the modern era. AI sounds perfect, but it's notoriously difficult and not at all guaranteed, because there are literally many feet of winding loops to go through to even reach a female's uterus.

There are not many "spare males" aside from the 12-13 zoos that have breeding-age females. Complicating this is the fact that Oregon Zoo is also in need of a breeding male, as theirs, Tusko, died in the fall. Denver's new facility is partially devoted to being a "male holding" facility, where males can live until needed somewhere else. They currently have Groucho who is an aging proven stud, along with 2 calves, Columbus's Bodhi (11) and a European import Billy (8). Groucho is 46 and was replaced in Fort Worth by Ringling's Romeo, so he might be shooting blanks. The calves are too young to be bred any time soon. The only zoos with an "extra" male are OK City, which has Kandula now because their male Rex is aging, and Albuquerque, which has a pair of young 17-year-old proven half-brothers. I don't know if keeping them together was a stipulation of their donation from ALS in Canada.

To put things in perspective, the only Asian calves I know of born in the last year have been the 3 at African Lion Safari in Canada. At the same time not only are older elephants dying--including Tova, the recent gift to Tulsa--but EEHV claimed another calf, 4-year-old Malee in OK City, in the fall. There are only 16-20 breeding-age females in US zoos. Maharani is one of those, and valuable time is passing; she's had two stillbirths, the last 9 years ago. EEHV is still a real threat, but so is the loss of this entire species in the US. Indy is 44, so he's no spring chicken; if only NZP would accept a male from Ringling, we could a breeding male viable for the next 30 years the way Syracuse and Fort Worth now do.
 
Neither of your links work. :(
But both can easily be redirected as they have the correct link on the page it sends you to.
 
Well I went to the zoo today and here's some quick notes.

* All the Lemurs were out today, and the zoo does indeed still have the red fronted lemurs.[/COLOR]

*A lot of work is being done in the Small Mammal House. The two center exhibits (the one you see as soon as you enter and the one behind it) are being renovated. Basically there used to be a room filled with plants in the middle, but there wasn't really any use for it. So now they're expanding both exhibits and making them larger but still keeping the two separate.

*The meerkat exhibit in the front of the building has been changed into another pocupine exhibit. They moved the male into this exhibit and keep the mother and the baby in the other one (the meerkats were just moved to the bigger enclosure).

* Does anyone know why the zoo keeps chains around Shantis feet? She had chains around her ankles except for her back left foot.

* The anaconda and boa constrictor exhibits are both empty. I don't know why but i'm assuming they aren't gonna be put back because I heard some people ask about it and they replied back to one part and said "so this is where he used to live".

* Only 2 gorillas and 2 orangutans participate in the program where the apes have to remember the numbers and touch them in order on a screen. According to the keeper Kiko failed the program and has left. He only made it to 3 (out of 9) and would punch the screen when he got it wrong. Batang is on 5. I have no clue which other orangutan is in the program. Kojo and Kibibi are the gorillas in the program. The keeper found this funny since they're the youngest and grew up in the "technology era".

* The zoo is hoping to eventually get another greater mouse deer but nothing has really been mentioned about it besides that.

* Layla and the baby are doing just fine, and despite being born on Wednesday the baby is on exhibit.

* The maned wolf exhibit is still empty.

* The red panda exhibit renovations are coming along nicely. There is now an actual structure visible and not just a bunch of construction equipment.

And that's it. Hopefully if it works photos will be up in a few hours.
 
I must have missed the red pandas outside the small mammal house (thankfully no major loss). I was wondering what those two exhibits held- they looked like crocodilian exhibits to me and I was also wondering why there was no anaconda (not that I missed seeing one! :p).
 
Does anyone know why the zoo keeps chains around Shantis feet? She had chains around her ankles except for her back left foot.

I don't know why, but that is really weird. Especially weird because they use protected contact. Was she tied down to the ground or did she just have the bracelet like things on her ankles?
 
Yeah but also, I feel like if a calf is born at NZP, even if it gets EEHV, its survival rate would be high. Like, basically, all the zoos who breed elephants have to send samples of trunk mucus or whatever to SNZ labs, and then SNZ reports their findings. And because EEHV is such a big issue and so central to SNZ's elephant programs and scientific discoveries and stuff, I believe that the elephant has a high survival rate. SNZ basically has this huge advantage for calves living, because of these labs located so closeby.

To add to what Thylo said earlier, they could have all the experts in the world on site, and it still wouldn't give the calves a better survival rate. There is presently only the one known "treatment" that has a chance of keeping an afflicted calve alive, and even then it doesn't always work.

Additionally, EEHV can literally kill a healthy calve overnight, and there is presently no fully effective way to monitor if an animal is carrying EEHV while it is in the latent stage, only in the dangerous, active phase. That is aside the fact that the methods used to acquire samples for prophylactic EEHV testing in a protected contact animal take some time to train in an elephant calve.

So no, unfortunately the calves unfortunately would not have a guaranteed high survival rate if it did indeed come down with EEHV, just because it is at the Smithsonian.


Also to touch on your other question, ankle chaining is a regular part of elephant husbandry. They are used for a variety of various procedures (many of which involve working with the animal in a chute), and wearing the chains around the feet during non-training sessions is an effective way to help keep the elephant desensitised to them, and also keep chain wearing a positive scenario as well, as opposed to only wearing them for medical and other aversive procedures, which has the potential to form a negative association history.
 
Oh i thought that they only used chains in free contact zoos or when they were being transported between different zoos.

Also, there is a way to know if they have EEHV, because there is discoloration in their mouthes, and I did know about what you said already with how they can literally die overnight.
 
Nup, any elephant program worth its salt will incorporate leg restraint training regardless of management style.

Also yes, calves suffering from active EEHV have the potential to display discolouration of the oral mucosa, however once again, this is only if the calve is having an active EEHV episode, so can not be used as an indicator to determine if the calve is carrying the latent virus.
 
I have never seen chains used by NZP with its elephants. This must be some way of forcing her to put weight on the rear legs while the front ones heal. This is scary--nearly all of the adult elephant deaths of the last six months--even Calvin in Ostrava--were caused by leg injuries and arthritis. I wish they'd give us regular updates. I"m not remotely adjusted yet to Kandula's absence; I can't fathom losing Shanthi.
 
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