The Zoochat Photographic Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe

Epidalea


Natterjack Toad (Epidalea calamita)

This species extends throughout much of western and northern Europe barring the Scandinavian Peninsula, from France and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Baltic States and Belarus in the east, with the southern limits of this range more or less delineated by the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. Highly fragmented and isolated populations occur in the British Isles and Ireland. The species is terrestrial outside the breeding season, tending to occupy warm, open sandy areas such as lowland heathland, inland and coastal dunes, beaches and riverbanks; southern populations are significantly more adaptable and may occur in mountain fields, open woodland and forest glades, gardens and agricultural pasture. Breeding tends to occur in shallow, temporary bodies of water such as ditches, ponds and lagoons.

Monotypic.

Photo by @KevinB

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HYLIDAE


This family comprises approximately 850 species within c.48 genera, of which six species within a single genus occur within Europe as follows:

Hyla - Eurasian Tree Frogs (17 species, of which 7 occur within Europe)
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Hyla


European Tree Frog (Hyla arborea)

This species extends throughout much of northern and southeast Europe, from northwest France and the Low Countries in the west to west-central Poland in the east, and south from here through Hungary and western Romania into the Balkans and Greece, as far south as the Ionian Islands and Crete. The species is largely nocturnal and - outside the breeding season - entirely terrestrial, inhabiting sunlight bushes, reedbeds, hedgerows or heavily vegetated meadows, with breeding tending to occur in sunny, well-vegetated and fish-free bodies of water such as stagnant rivers, ponds, lakes and marshes.

The species is classified as monotypic, although several congeners discussed below have been regarded as subspecies in the past.

Photo by @nikola

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Italian Tree Frog (Hyla intermedia)

This species extends from southernmost Switzerland and westernmost Slovenia throughout Italy, as far south as Sicily. The species is largely nocturnal and - outside the breeding season - entirely terrestrial, inhabiting sunlight bushes, reedbeds, hedgerows or heavily vegetated meadows, with breeding tending to occur in sunny, well-vegetated and fish-free bodies of water such as stagnant rivers, ponds, lakes and marshes.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Stripeless Tree Frog (Hyla meridonalis)

Within Europe, the range of this species represents a pair of larger disjunct populations and several smaller, fragmented populations; throughout the southwest Iberian Peninsula as far north as the Sistema Central; from northeast Spain into southern France and coastal northwest Italy; and in the Canaries and Balaerics. Beyond here, the species occurs throughout northwest Africa from west-central Morocco to northern Tunisia. The species is largely nocturnal and - outside the breeding season - entirely terrestrial, inhabiting sunlight bushes, reedbeds, hedgerows or heavily vegetated meadows; breeding is somewhat more opportunistic than in congeners, with pools, ditches and other temporary bodies of water occupied along with more permanent and well-vegetated ponds, rivers and marshlands.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Iberian Tree Frog (Hyla molleri)

This species extends throughout the central, western and northern Iberian Peninsula, and into coastal southwest France. The species is largely nocturnal and - outside the breeding season - entirely terrestrial, inhabiting sunlight bushes, reedbeds, hedgerows or heavily vegetated meadows, with breeding tending to occur in sunny, well-vegetated and fish-free bodies of water such as stagnant rivers, ponds, lakes and marshes.

Monotypic.

Photo by @Merintia

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Eastern Tree Frog (Hyla orientalis)

Within Europe, the range of this species extends throughout much of eastern Europe from as far west as central Poland, south into the northeast Balkans and Thracian Turkey, and east into
central Ukraine and the Crimea; beyond Europe, the species extends throughout Asia Minor and into western Russia and the Caucasus. The species is largely nocturnal and - outside the breeding season - entirely terrestrial, inhabiting sunlight bushes, reedbeds, hedgerows or heavily vegetated meadows, with breeding tending to occur in sunny, well-vegetated and fish-free bodies of water such as stagnant rivers, ponds, lakes and marshes.

Photo by @alexkant

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Tyrrhenian Tree Frog (Hyla sarda)

Endemic to the Tyrrhenian Islands, with populations possibly also occurring in the Tuscan Archipelago. The species is largely nocturnal and more generalist than congeners, occurring in vegetated areas and rocky fissures close to the breeding habitats, which tend to comprise springs, cisterns, pools and slow-moving streams.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Middle Eastern Tree Frog (Hyla savignyi)

Within Europe, this species is restricted to Cyprus; elsewhere it occurs in a widespread but patchy distribution throughout the Middle East, Arabian Peninsula and southern Caucasus. The species is largely nocturnal and almost entirely terrestrial outside the breeding season, and is habituated to drier habitats than congeners, able to inhabit xeric shrubland, steppe and desert to semi-desert, along with gardens, oases and open woodland edges. During the breeding season, the species tends to occur in small stagnant bodies of water, including drainage ditches and densely-vegetated slow-moving streams.

Monotypic.

Photo by @alexkant

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Merintia said:
I have some pictures of Iberian Tree Frogs that I didn´t upload because are not good, but maybe are better than nothing...
Click to expand...

That would be very much appreciated :)

Frustratingly I have seen Stripeless myself but didn't get photographs!
 
Added one of those photographs to the thread, @Merintia :) and if that is your definition of "not good" enough to upload initially I think you perhaps might be able to fill even more gaps as the thread progresses!

To be honest, given the number of rather nice endemic species of reptile and amphibian in the Iberian Peninsula I think this thread is going to be pretty full of photographs taken by you by the time it is finished :P
 
Haha, thank you, but yes, animal backs and horrible backgrounds makes them not very good for me XD. I´ll check those gaps, but I´m afraid are mainly species from South-West Spain, and almost all the pictures I have are from species from my area, in the Northeast :(
 
Merintia said:
Haha, thank you, but yes, animal backs and horrible backgrounds makes them not very good for me XD. I´ll check those gaps, but I´m afraid are mainly species from South-West Spain, and almost all the pictures I have are from species from my area, in the Northeast :(
Click to expand...

Plenty of species from your area yet to come :)
 
RANIDAE


This family comprises c.350 species within c.25 genera, of which 18 species within two genera occur within Europe as follows:

Pelophylax - Water Frogs (c.20 species, of which 10 occur within Europe)

Rana - Eurasian Brown Frogs (c.50 species, of which 8 occur within Europe)
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Pelophylax


Levant Water Frog (Pelophylax bedriagae)

Within Europe, this species extends from northeast Greece and southeast Bulgaria into Thracian Turkey, and also throughout the islands of the North Aegean and Dodecanese; beyond here, the species extends throughout Anatolia, the Middle East and the Nile Delta. Introduced populations are present in Malta and Gozo. The species is predominantly aquatic and opportunistically occupies any suitable temporary or permanent bodies of water such as cisterns, pools, lakes, rivers and agricultural ponds, primarily in lowland areas.

Currently classified as monotypic, although it is likely that the taxon represents a complex of cryptic species.

Photo by @PossumRoach

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Cretan Water Frog (Pelophylax cretensis)

Endemic to Crete. This species is predominantly aquatic and inhabits lowland wetlands, streams, slow-moving rivers and marshes. The species is classified as Endangered by the IUCN, due to a high level of habitat loss and fragmentation.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Cyprus Water Frog (Pelophylax cypriensis)

Endemic to Cyprus. The species is predominantly aquatic and inhabits a wide spectrum of habitats such as small pools, streams and ditches, and seems to be fairly tolerant of poorly-oxygenated, stagnant or brackish water, but is absent from the arid central hub of the island.

Monotypic.

Photograph by @Mo Hassan

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Epirus Water Frog (Pelophylax epeiroticus)

This species extends throughout the southwest Balkans, from southern Albania in the north to the northwest Peloponnese in the south. The species is highly aquatic and quite reclusive, preferring to breed in large, well-vegetated bodies of water such as canals, lakes, swamps and marshes.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Edible Frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus)

This taxon is a hybridogenetic species derived from introgressive hybridisation between P. lessonae and P. ridibundus, and as such occurs throughout those areas where the two species occur sympatrically, along with areas where they have been introduced alongside one of the parent species; broadly speaking the range of the species extends from the British Isles and northern France in the west to eastern Europe and western Russia in the east, and south throughout Italy and the northern Balkans. The species is largely aquatic and highly-opportunistic in choice of habitat, being found in a wide variety of water bodies including saltmarshes, puddles, ponds and upland streams.

Photo by @Kakapo

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Graf's Hybrid Frog (Pelophylax kl. grafi)

This taxon is a hybridogenetic species derived from introgressive hybridisation between P. perezi and P. ridibundus, and as such occurs throughout those areas where the two species occur sympatrically; broadly speaking the range of the species extends throughout northeast Spain and southwest France, but is absent from the high valleys of the central Pyrenees. The species is highly aquatic and largely diurnal, and will opportunistically occupy and breed within any suitable lowland body of water, particularly streams, temporary pools, ditches and flooded fields, along with larger and more permanent ponds and rivers.

No photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Pool Frog (Pelophylax lessonae)

This species extends throughout much of Europe, from the southern British Isles, northern France and the Low Countries in the west to eastern Europe and western Russia in the east, and south into Italy and the northern Balkans. The species is largely aquatic, and prefers to breed in smaller bodies of water such as ponds, ditches and flooded wheel-ruts in agricultural land, forests or heathland, with populations in the north of this range largely restricted to poorly-oxygenated and acidic ponds in bogs and fens.

Two subspecies are recognised:

P. l. bergeri - occurs throughout the Italian Peninsula and Corsica
P. l. lessonae - occurs throughout the remainder of the species' range.

Photo by @Fishapod (P. l. lessonae)

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Iberian Water Frog (Pelophylax perezi)

This species extends throughout the Iberian Peninsula, and north into the Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines of southern France. The species is largely aquatic but highly adaptable, and can occur in a wide variety of habitats from deeper rivers and ponds to small streams, ditches, swamps and flooded agricultural land, including in urban areas.

Monotypic.

Photo by @Merintia

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Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

This species extends throughout much of Europe, from the northern Iberian Peninsula, France and the Netherlands in the west to the Baltic States and western Russia in the east, and south from here throughout the Balkans; beyond here the species extends deeper into Russia. The species is largely absent from the Italian Peninsula and the Alps. The species is highly aquatic and primarily occupies deeper and more permanent bodies of water such as lakes, rivers and ponds.

Two subspecies are recognised, one of which is suggested by some authorities to merit species-level status in its own right:

P. r. kurtmuelleri - occurs throughout the central and southern Balkans and Greece.
P. r. ridibundus - occurs throughout the remainder of the species' range.

Photo by @Macaw16 (P. r. ridibundus)

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Albanian Pool Frog (Pelophylax shqipericus)

This species is restricted to the coastal west-central Balkans from southwest Montenegro in the north to west-central Albania in the south. The species is highly aquatic and largely diurnal, and primarily occupies well-vegetated bodies of water such as canals, ditches, ponds and swamps, along with shoreline habitats in more sparsely-vegetated lakes and flooded quarries. The species is classified as Endangered by the IUCN due to active and high-intensity collection for consumption along with destruction of suitable lowland habitats.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.
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Rana


Moor Frog (Rana arvalis)

Within Europe, this species extends patchily throughout north-central and eastern Europe, from northeast France and adjacent Belgium in the west, and Croatia and the adjacent northern Balkans in the south, into western Russia and northwest Siberia; beyond here, this species extends throughout Siberia and Central Asia, as far east as northern Mongolia and adjacent regions of east-central Siberia. The species is largely terrestrial, occurring in heath and moorlands, flooded meadows and submerged forest, and other open humid lowland landscapes; breeding tends to occur opportunistically in ponds, ditches and flooded fields.

Several subspecies are recognised, two of which occur within Europe:

R. a. arvalis - occurs throughout much of Europe.
R. a. wolterstorffi - occurs throughout eastern Austria and adjacent Croatia and Slovakia, and from here into the northern Balkans and southern Poland.

Photo by @Fishapod (unknown subspecies)

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Agile Frog (Rana dalmatina)

Within Europe, this species extends throughout much of western, central and southeast Europe, from the north-central Iberian Peninsula, western France and the Channel Islands in the west to Bulgaria, Thracian Turkey and southwest Ukraine in the east, with patchily-distributed disjunct populations in northern Germany, Denmark and southernmost Sweden. The species is absent from the bulk of the Alps. Beyond here, the species extends into Anatolian Turkey. The species is highly terrestrial and diurnal, occurring in humid deciduous forest and woodland, and in adjacent meadows and fields, from sea-level to mountainous foothills. During the breeding season, the species tends to occur opportunistically in a wide range of water bodies, such as ditches, ponds, flooded fields and occasionally slow-moving rivers and streams.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Greek Stream Frog (Rana graeca)

This species extends throughout much of the Balkans, from the Dinaric Alps of southern Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the north to the Peloponnesus in the south, and east to northeast Greece, western Thracian Turkey and southeast Bulgaria, with some populations occurring at altitudes of up to 2,000 metres. The species is relatively terrestrial but more closely tied to aquatic habitats than congeners, generally remaining close to the breeding water bodies - these tend to comprise fast-flowing and well-oxygenated mountain rivers, streams and springs, but the species may also occur in more stagnant water bodies such as ditches, ponds and cattle troughs.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Iberian Stream Frog (Rana iberica)

This species extends throughout the uplands of the northwest and central Iberian Peninsula, particularly the mountain ranges of the Sistema Central, occurring to altitudes of around 2,400 metres. The species is relatively terrestrial but more closely tied to aquatic habitats than congeners, generally remaining close to the breeding water bodies - these tend to comprise fast-flowing and well-oxygenated mountain rivers, streams and springs, but the species may also occur in more stagnant water bodies such as ditches, ponds and cattle troughs.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Italian Stream Frog (Rana italica)

This species extends throughout the Apennines of the Italian peninsula, to altitudes of around 1,400 metres. The species is relatively terrestrial but more closely tied to aquatic habitats than congeners, generally remaining close to the breeding water bodies - these tend to comprise fast-flowing and well-oxygenated mountain rivers, streams and springs, but the species may also occur in more stagnant water bodies such as ditches, ponds and cattle troughs.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Italian Agile Frog (Rana latastei)

This species is restricted to the Po Basin of north-central Italy, and adjacent regions of western Slovenia and northwest Croatia. The species is highly terrestrial and diurnal, occurring in humid deciduous forest and woodland, and in adjacent meadows and fields, and is largely restricted to lowland habitats. During the breeding season, the species tends to occur opportunistically in a wide range of water bodies, such as ditches, ponds, flooded fields and occasionally slow-moving rivers and streams. The species is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN, due to habitat fragmentation, pollution and the introduction of invasive species into the breeding waters.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Pyrenean Stream Frog (Rana pyrenaica)

This species is restricted to a short stretch of the western Pyrenees in northern Spain and adjacent southwest France. The species is largely nocturnal and much more aquatic than congeners, occurring in small and well-oxygenated mountain streams and torrents located in and nearby deciduous woodland, where it tends to inhabit slower, deeper sections carved out by waterfalls and rapids. This species is classified as Endangered by the IUCN, due to habitat loss resulting from logging and climate change.

Monotypic; no photographs of this species are present within the Zoochat gallery.


Grass Frog (Rana temporaria)

Within Europe, this species extends throughout the vast majority of Europe from Scandinavia and the British Isles in the west to western Russia and southwest Siberia in the east, but in the south is only patchily present in the northern Iberian Peninsula, the northern Dolomites of Italy and the northern and central Balkans; populations extend deeper into Russia and adjacent regions of central Asia, as far east as the southern Urals and northern Kazakhstan. The species is relatively terrestrial, occupying humid gardens, meadows and open forest close to breeding waters; breeding is fairly opportunistic, taking place in stagnant pools and ditches, flooded agricultural fields, swamps and lakes, along with garden ponds and upland tarns.

Several subspecies native to mountain ranges have been proposed; however, at present only two subspecies are recognised:

R. t. parvipalmata - occurs in the northwest Iberian Peninsula within Galicia and the Basque Country.
R. t. temporaria - occurs throughout the rest of the species range.

Photo by @Swampy (R. t. temporaria)

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TESTUDINIDAE


This family comprises approximately 51 species, within a total of 17 genera; of these, 3 species within a single genus occur within Europe as follows:

Tesudo - True Tortoises (5 species, 3 of which are present within Europe)
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Testudo


Spur-thighed Tortoise (Testudo graeca)

Within Europe, the range of this species comprises a number of highly-fragmented and disjunct populations; several populations in the southern and eastern Iberian Peninsula; in the Balearic Islands; on Sardinia; and throughout the eastern Balkans from North Macedonia and northern Greece in the west to eastern Romania, Bulgaria and Thracian Turkey in the east. Beyond here, the species occurs patchily throughout northern Africa, Asia Minor, the Middle East and the Caucasus. The species tends to occur in sandy, open areas such as coastal dunes, open woodland and Mediterranean heathland.

Around a dozen subspecies are currently recognised within this species, with other populations sometimes suggested to merit subspecific status, and some of the established subspecies sometimes proposed to merit distinct species level. Three of these subspecies occur within Europe, as follows:

T. g. graeca - occurs in the Iberian Peninsula; beyond Europe, this subspecies occurs throughout much of northwest Africa.
T. g. ibera - occurs in the eastern Balkans; beyond Europe, this subspecies occurs throughout much of Turkey, the Middle East and the southwest Caucasus.
T. g. nabeulensis - introduced to Sardinia; beyond Europe, this subspecies occurs in Tunisia.

Photo by @KevinB (T. g. graeca)

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Photo by @m..k (T. g. ibera)

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Photo by @Maguari (T. g. nabeulensis)

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Hermann's Tortoise (Testudo hermanni)

This species occurs throughout Mediterranean Europe in a highly-fragmented and patchy distribution of disjunct populations from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to Thracian Turkey and eastern Bulgaria in the east, with those populations in the Balkans, Greece and Thracian Turkey being much more widespread and continuous, and populations especially sparse in the Iberian Peninsula and southern France. The species occurs in a wide variety of Mediterranean habitats and biotopes, particularly drier and less humid regions and areas containing rocky outcroppings.

Three subspecies are recognised at the present time, although the validity of the Dalmatian race has been questioned and merits further investigation. Populations in the Peloponnesus have been suggested to represent a fourth subspecies (T. h. peleponnesica):

T. h. boettgeri - occurs throughout much of the Balkans, from coastal Montenegro, Serbia and southern Romania in the north to the Peloponnesus in the south, and east to Thracian Turkey and Bulgaria.
T. h. hercegoviniensis - occurs along the Dalmatian coastline of Croatia and Montenegro.
T. h. hermanni - occurs patchily throughout northeast Spain and southwest France, the Balearic and Tyrrheanean Islands, Sicily and coastal southern and central Italy.

Photo by @Arek (T. h. boettgeri)

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Photo by @dean (T. h. hermanni)

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Marginated Tortoise (Testudo marginata)

This species occurs patchily throughout Greece and the Aegean Islands, with some populations extending north into southernmost Albania; a disjunct population exists in Sardinia, and is believed to be the result of several introductions throughout the past few millennia, with now-extinct populations scattered throughout Italy believed to derive from similar origins. The species tends to occur in dry, hot phrygana scrubland and associated rocky outcrops, but may also inhabit coastal dunes, olive groves and - in Sardinia - karstic meadows.

A number of subspecies have been proposed, including T. m. sarda in Sardinia and T. m. weissingeri; however, the validity of the latter is unclear and the former has now been conclusively demonstrated to represent the result of the introgressive breeding of several introduced populations over several thousand years. As such, the species will be classified as monotypic for the purposes of this thread.

Photo by @Arek

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EMYDIDAE


This family comprises approximately 50 species, within a total of 10 genera; of these, a single species occurs within Europe as follows:

Emys- Pond Terrapins (4 species, one of which is present within Europe)
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Emys


European Pond Terrapin (Emys orbicularis)

Within Europe, the range of this species extends throughout much of southern and central Europe, from Denmark in the north and southern France in the west to southern Ukraine, the Crimea and southwest Russia; beyond here, the species extends deeper into western Siberia and adjacent Central Asia, and also into the Caucasus, Asia Minor and the Middle East, and northwest Africa. The species is highly cosmopolitan in the habitats within which it occurs, from brackish coastal lagoons and saltmarshes to slow-moving rivers and streams, upland lakes, flooded fields and ditches, often within well-vegetated areas marked by sandy or muddy soil.

Several subspecies are recognised, of which five occur within Europe; the Sicilian population has occasionally been suggested to merit distinct species status:

E. o. galloitalica - occurs throughout the northeast Spanish coastline into the French Mediterranean, and from here throughout western Italy as far south as northern Calabria; also occurs on Corsica and Sardinia.
E. o. hellenica - occurs throughout eastern Italy to western Slovenia, and from here throughout the Adriatic coastline of the Balkans to Greece, extending into the Peloponnesus, islands of the Aegean and the Dodecanese; beyond Europe the subspecies extends into western Turkey.
E. o. occidentalis - occurs throughout the Iberian Peninsula outside the northeast; beyond Europe the subspecies extends into northwest Africa.
E. o. orbicularis - occurs throughout southern, central and eastern Europe north of the Alps and Pyrenees, and east of the Dinaric Alps; beyond Europe the subspecies extends into western Russia and the Caucasus.
E. o. trinacris - occurs throughout southern Calabria and Sicily.

Photo by @JigerofLemuria (E. o. galloitalica)

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Photo by @gorst (E. o. hellenica)

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Photo by @ThylacineAlive (E. o. orbicularis)

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GEOEMYDIDAE


This family comprises approximately 70 species, within a total of 19 genera; of these, two species within a single genus occur within Europe as follows:

Mauremys- Pond Turtles (10 species, two of which are present within Europe)
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Mauremys


Balkan Pond Turtle (Mauremys rivulata)

Within Europe, this species occurs throughout the southern Balkans from southern Croatia and adjacent Montenegro in the west to southeast Bulgaria and Thracian Turkey in the east, and south to the Peloponnesus, the various archipelagos within the Aegean and Crete; beyond Europe the species extends into western Anatolian Turkey. The species occurs in a wide range of habitats, but prefers slow-moving rivers and streams, and is very tolerant of brackish, polluted or poorly-oxygenated water.

Monotypic.

Photo by @alexkant

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Mediterranean Pond Turtle (Mauremys leprosa)

Within Europe, this species occurs throughout much of the Iberian Peninsula, but is largely absent from the northwest, the Pyrenees and much of Castille-La Mancha; introduced populations occur in the Balearic Islands. Beyond Europe, the species extends into northwest Africa. The species occurs in a wide range of habitats, including well-vegetated ponds, ditches, rivers and streams, lakes and flooded quarries. The species is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN due to a marked population reduction throughout its range over the past three generations.

Two subspecies are recognised, of which one is present in Europe as follows:

M. l. leprosa - occurs throughout the Iberian range of the species.

Photo by @Maguari (M. l. leprosa)

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CHELONIIDAE


This family comprises 6 species, within a total of 5 genera; of these, three species within three genera occur within Europe as follows:

Caretta - Loggerhead Sea Turtle (monotypic)

Chelonia - Green Sea Turtle (monotypic)

Eretmochelys - Hawksbill Sea Turtle (monotypic)
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Caretta


Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

Within Europe, this species nests throughout the eastern Mediterranean, particularly on the Ionian and Aegean coastlines of Greece and associated islands, Crete, Cyprus and Sicily. Pelagic populations occur throughout the Mediterranean - particularly around the Balaeric Islands and southeast Iberian Peninsula, and the Ionian, Adriatic and Aegean Seas - and also on the Atlantic coastline of southwest Europe and the Canary Islands. Beyond this range, the species occurs and breeds throughout the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. The species is regarded as Vulnerable by the IUCN.

The species is currently regarded as monotypic, but preliminary genetic study suggests that three distinct clades exist; Atlantic Ocean (including Mediterranean); Pacific Ocean; and Indian Ocean.

Photo by @devilfish

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