The Zoochat Photographic Guide To The Bucerotiformes and Basal Allies

TeaLovingDave

Moderator
Staff member
15+ year member
Having just completed a thread devoted to the Coraciiformes, and with the Piciiformes having been previously handled by @Great Argus and myself across three separate threads focusing on different lineages within the group, I feel it is a good time to start a thread handling the final major lineage within the wider Coraciimorphae - the Bucerotiformes, which encompasses the hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and woodhoopoes.

However, several basal lineages form outgroups from the clade which encompasses the Piciiformes, Coraciiformes and Bucerotiformes - the mousebirds, the cuckoo-roller and the trogons. As a thread uniting these three lineages would be extremely short, and no more taxonomically-correct than including them within a discussion of the Bucerotiformes, I have decided that I will take the latter approach.

As such, before I discuss the "main course" at hand, we shall take a look at a trio of appetisers!
 
COLIIFORMES


This clade contains six species within a single family as follows:


COLIIDAE - Mousebirds (2 genera, 6 species)
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COLIIDAE


This family comprises 2 extant genera:

Colius - True Mousebirds (4 species)

Urocolius - Blue-naped Mousebird and Red-faced Mousebird (2 species)
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Colius


Speckled Mousebird (Colius striatus)

The range of this species extends throughout much of central and eastern sub-Saharan Africa, from east-central Nigeria in the west to eastern Sudan, Eritrea and northern Ethiopia in the east, and south to west-central Angola in the west and southern South Africa in the east; largely absent from the Congo Basin, and from much of south-central Africa.

Seventeen subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

C. s. nigricollis - found from eastern Nigeria to the southwest Central African Republic, and south to western Angola and adjacent southwestern DRC.
C. s. striatus - restricted to southern South Africa, from the Western Cape to the Eastern Cape.
C. s. minor - found throughout eastern South Africa, Swaziland and the extreme south of Mozambique.
C. s. integralis - found throughout southeast Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique and northeastern South Africa.
C. s. simulans - restricted to the extreme south of Malawi, and central Mozambique.
C. s. rhodesiae - restricted to the highlands of eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent regions of Mozambique.
C. s. affinis - restricted to coastal eastern Tanzania.
C. s. mombassicus - found from southern Somalia and southeast Ethiopia in the north to coastal eastern Kenya and northeast Tanzania in the south.
C. s. cinerascens - found throughout much of western, north-central and central Tanzania, and the extreme northeast of Zambia.
C. s. berlepschi - found throughout southern Tanzania, northeast Zambia and Malawi (barring the extreme south).
C. s. kikuyensis - found throughout the central highlands of Kenya, and adjacent northern Tanzania.
C. s. kiwuensis - found throughout eastern DRC, Uganda, Rwanda and northwestern Tanzania.
C. s. congicus - found from southeast DRC in the north to northeastern Angola and northwestern Zambia in the south.
C. s. jebelensis - found throughout South Sudan, the extreme northeast of DRC and adjacent northern Uganda
C. s. leucotis - found from eastern Sudan throughout western and southwestern Ethiopia.
C. s. hilgerti - found throughout northeastern Ethiopia, Djibouti and the extreme northwest of Somalia.
C. s. leucophthalmus - found from southeastern Central African Republic and southwestern South Sudan, south into northeastern DRC.

Photograph of a wild individual (C. s. mombassicus) taken at Tsavo National Park, Kenya by @JaxElephant

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Photograph of a wild individual (C. s. cinerascens) taken at Arusha National Park, Tanzania by @Hix :

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Photograph of wild individuals (C. s. kikuyensis) taken in Nairobi, Kenya by @lintworm :

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Photograph of a wild individual (C. s. kiwuensis) taken at Buhoma, Uganda by @Hix :

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Photograph of a wild individual (C. s. leucotis) taken at Lake Ziway, Ethiopia by @Giant Eland :

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White-headed Mousebird (Colius leucocephalus)

The range of this species extends throughout the southern Horn of Africa and adjacent regions of east Africa, from north-central Kenya in the west to southeast Somalia in the east, and south to the extreme northeast coastline of Tanzania.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

C. l. leucocephalus - found throughout the species range, barring the following.
C. l. turneri - restricted to north-central Kenya.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Red-backed Mousebird (Colius castanotus)

The range of this species is restricted to western and west-central Angola.

Monotypic.

Photograph of captive individuals taken at Paignton Zoo, United Kingdom by @gentle lemur :

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White-backed Mousebird (Colius colius)

The range of this species extends throughout much of southern Africa, from northern Namibia in the north to the Western Cape of South Africa in the south, and east from here throughout southern Botswana and central South Africa.

Two subspecies are recognised, as follows:

C. c. damarensis - found throughout Namibia and southern Botswana south to northern South Africa.
C. c. colius - found throughout the South African range of the species, barring the north and northwest.

Photograph of a captive individual of unclear subspecies taken at Dallas Zoo, USA by @jayjds2 :

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Urocolius


Blue-naped Mousebird (Urocolius macrourus)

The range of this species extends throughout the Sahel of sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal and southwest Mauritania in the west to the Horn of Africa in the east, and from here through East Africa as far south as Uganda, Rwanda and south-central Tanzania.

Seven subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

U. m. macrourus - found throughout the southern Sahel, from Senegal and southwest Mauritania in the west to eastern Ethiopia in the east.
U. m. syntactus - found throughout the northern Sahel, from Mali and southern Niger in the west to Sudan, Eritrea and northern Ethiopia in the east.
U. m. laeneni - endemic to the Aïr Massif of north-central Niger.
U. m. pulcher - found from southeast South Sudan and eastern Uganda in the west, through Kenya and the extreme south of Ethiopia into southern Somalia and northern Tanzania.
U. m. abyssinicus - found throughout central and southern Ethiopia, extending east into northern Somalia.
U. m. griseogularis - found throughout South Sudan in the north, and south through the Albertine Rift of western Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi into western Tanzania and eastern DRC.
U. m. massaicus - found throughout central and eastern Tanzania.

Photograph of a wild individual (U. m. pulcher) taken at Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania by @Hix :

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Red-faced Mousebird (Urocolius indicus)

The range of this species extends patchily throughout much of southern and south-central Africa, from northwest Angola in the north to the Western Cape in the south, and east from here to northeast Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique; two disjunct population is present in northern Zambia and adjacent southwest Tanzania, and in the extreme north of Mozambique and extreme southeast of Tanzania.

Five subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

U. i. indicus - restricted to the Western Cape Province of South Africa.
U. i. pallidus - restricted to southeast Tanzania and coastal northern Mozambique.
U. i. lacteifrons - found throughout coastal western Angola and much of Namibia.
U. i. mossambicus - found throughout south-central Africa, from the extreme southeast of DRC and adjacent southwest Tanzania, and south from here into southeastern Angola, Zambia and Malawi.
U. i. transvaalensis - found throughout southwestern Zambia, Zimbabwe and southern Mozambique, and extending into much of South Africa barring Western Cape Province.

Photograph of a wild individual (either U. i. indicus or U. i. transvaalensis) taken at an unspecified location in South Africa by @Nix :

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LEPTOSOMIFORMES


This clade contains a single species within a single family as follows:


LEPTOSOMIDAE - Cuckoo-roller (1 genus, monotypic)
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LEPTOSOMIDAE


This family comprises one extant genus:

Leptosomus - Cuckoo-roller (monotypic)

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Leptosomus


Cuckoo-roller (Leptosomus discolor)

Endemic to Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.

Three subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

L. d. gracilis - endemic to Ngazidja in the northwest Comoro Islands.
L. d. intermedius - endemic to Ndzuani in the central Comoro Islands.
L. d. discolor - found throughout Madagascar, and on Mohéli and Mayotte in the Comoro Islands.

Photograph of a captive male (L. d. discolor) taken at Weltvogelpark Walsrode by @Eagle :

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Photograph of a captive female (L. d. discolor) taken at Weltvogelpark Walsrode by @Tomek :

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TROGONIFORMES


This clade contains 46 species within a single family as follows:


TROGONIDAE - Trogons and Quetzals (7 genera, 46 species)
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Apaloderma


Narina Trogon (Apaloderma narina)

The range of this species extends patchily throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal and Sierra Leone in the west to Ethiopia, Eritrea and northwest Somalia in the east, and south to the Western Cape; largely absent from the Horn of Africa and the arid regions of Namibia, Botswana and South Africa.

Four subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

A. n. constantia - found throughout the western Sahel, from Senegal and Sierra Leone east to Nigeria.
A. n. brachyurum - found throughout the northern Congo Basin to the Rift Valley of Kenya.
A. n. narina - found from the highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea in the north to southeast South Africa in the south, and west through the southern Congo Basin into Angola.
A. n. littorale - found throughout coastal East Africa, from southwest Somalia in the north to Zimbabwe and northern Mozambique in the south.

Photograph of a captive individual (A. n. constantia) taken at Birdland in the United Kingdom by @gentle lemur :

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Bare-cheeked Trogon (Apaloderma aequatoriale)

The range of this species represents a highly fragmented distribution throughout the northern and central Congo Basin, from southeast Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and Congo in the west to northeast DRC in the east.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Bar-tailed Trogon (Apaloderma vittatum)

The range of this species represents a highly-fragmented distribution of disjunct populations throughout Central and East Africa; in southeast Nigeria and northwest Cameroon; in northwest Angola; throughout the Albertine Rift from northeast DRC and western Uganda in the north to Burundi and east-central DRC in the south; and patchily from west-central Kenya in the north to northern Mozambique and southern Malawi in the south.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

A. v. vittatum - found throughout the East African portion of the species range.
A. v. camerunensis - found throughout the Central and West African portion of the species range.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.
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Apalharpactes


Javan Trogon (Apalharpactes reinwardtii)

Endemic to the mountains of western Java.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Sumatran Trogon (Apalharpactes mackloti)

Endemic to the mountains of Sumatra.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a captive individual taken at Weltvogelpark Walsrode by @Tomek :

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Harpactes


Orange-breasted Trogon (Harpactes oreskios)

The range of this species extends from south-central China into Indochina and the Malay Peninsula, and from here throughout the mountains of Sumatra, Java and Borneo.

H. o. stellae - found from south-central China and Myanmar throughout Indochina.
H. o. uniformis - found from southern Thailand through the Malay Peninsula into Sumatra.
H. o. nias - endemic to Nias Island.
H. o. dulitensis - endemic to north-central Borneo.
H. o. oreskios - endemic to Java.

Photograph of a wild individual (H. o. stellae) taken at Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand by @LaughingDove :

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Malabar Trogon (Harpactes fasciatus)

The range of this species represents a collection of disjunct populations; throughout the Western Ghats of Peninsular India; throughout the Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India; and on Sri Lanka.

Three subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

H. f. malabaricus - found throughout the Western and Eastern Ghats of India.
H. f. legerli - restricted to the northwest coastline of Peninsular India, north of the Western Ghats.
H. f. fasciatus - endemic to Sri Lanka.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Red-naped Trogon (Harpactes kasumba)

The range of this species extends throughout Peninsular Malaysia and immediately-adjacent regions of Thailand, into Sumatra and Borneo.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

H. k. kasumba - found throughout the Sumatran and mainland range of this species.
H. k. impavidus - endemic to Borneo.

Photograph of a wild individual (H. k. kasumba) taken at Taman Negara, Malaysia by @LaughingDove :

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Diard's Trogon (Harpactes diardii)

The range of this species extends throughout the Malay Peninsula, into Sumatra and Borneo.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

H. d. sumatranus - found throughout the Sumatran and mainland range of this species.
H. d. diardi - endemic to Borneo.

Photograph of a wild individual (H. d. sumatranus) taken at Taman Negara, Malaysia by @LaughingDove :

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Philippine Trogon (Harpactes ardens)

Endemic to the Philippines.

Five subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

H. a. herberti - endemic to northeast Luzon in the northern Philippines.
H. a. luzoniensis - found throughout central and southern Luzon, Marinduque and Catanduanes in the northern Phillipines.
H. a. minor - endemic to Pollilo Island in the northern Philippines.
H. a. linae - found throughout Samar, Biliran, Leyte and Bohol in the east-central Philippines.
H. a. ardens - found throughout Dinagat, Mindanao and Basilan in the southeast Philippines.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Whitehead's Trogon (Harpactes whiteheadi)

Endemic to the mountains of north-central Borneo.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a wild individual taken at Mt. Kinabalu,Borneo by @Chlidonias :

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Cinnamon-rumped Trogon (Harpactes orrhophaeus)

The range of this species extends patchily throughout the southern Malay Peninsula, and from here into the mountains of Sumatra and Borneo.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

H. o. orrhophaeus - found throughout the Sumatran and mainland range of this species.
H. o. vidua - endemic to northern and central Borneo.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Scarlet-rumped Trogon (Harpactes duvaucelii)

The range of this species extends throughout the Malay Peninsula, into Sumatra and Borneo.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a wild individual taken at Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei by @Hix :

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Red-headed Trogon (Harpactes erythrocephalus)

The range of this species extends from Nepal and north-central India, through the central and eastern Himalayas into northern Myanmar and south-central China, and from here east into southeast China, and patchily south through Indochina and the Malay Peninsula into the mountains of Sumatra.

Nine subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

H. e. erythrocephalus - found throughout the Himalayas from north-central India and Nepal through Assam to southwest Myanmar and western Thailand.
H. e. helenae - found throughout northern Myanmar and south-central China.
H. e. yamakanensis - found throughout much of southeast China.
H. e. intermedius - found throughout northern Vietnam and Laos, and adjacent regions of southern China.
H. e. annamensis - found throughout northeast Thailand, central and southern Laos, and southern Vietnam.
H. e. klossi - endemic to the mountains of western Cambodia and immediately-adjacent regions of eastern Thailand.
H. e. chaseni - found throughout the mountains of the Malay Peninsula.
H. e. hainanus - endemic to Hainan.
H. e. flagrans - endemic to the mountains of Sumatra.

Photograph of a wild individual (H. e. erythrocephalus) taken in Mae Wong National Park, Thailand by @ronnienl :

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Photograph of a wild individual (H. e. intermedius) taken in Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam by @Vision :

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Photograph of a wild individual (H. e. chaseni) taken at Fraser's Hill, Malaysia by @Vision :

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Photograph of a captive individual (H. e. flagrans) taken at Voliere Mythenquai, Switzerland by @Tomek :

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Ward's Trogon (Harpactes wardi)

The range of this species is restricted to the eastern Himalayas of Assam, Bhutan and adjacent regions of northern Myanmar and south-central China; a disjunct population in northern Vietnam may be extinct.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.
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Euptilotis


Eared Quetzal (Euptilotis neoxenus)

Endemic to the Sierra Madre Occidental of northwestern Mexico; sporadically occurs to the north, in south-central USA.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a wild individual taken near Portal, Arizona in the USA by @d1am0ndback :

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Pharomachrus


Pavonine Quetzal (Pharomachrus pavoninus)

Found throughout the western and central Amazon Basin of South America, from south-central Colombia in the north to northwest Bolivia to the south, and east to north-central Brazil.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Golden-headed Quetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps)

Found throughout the Andes, from eastern Panama and western Venezuela in the north to central Bolivia in the south.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

P. a. auriceps - found throughout the species range, except as below.
P. a. hargitti - endemic to the Andes of Venezuela.

Photograph of a captive individual (P. a. auriceps) taken at San Diego Zoo, USA by @Julio C Castro :

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Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno)

Found patchily throughout the montane cloud forests of Central America, from southern Mexico in the northwest, to western Panama in the southwest.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

P. m. mocinno - found throughout the species range, except as below.
P. m. costaricensis - found throughout the cloud forests of Costa Rica and western Panama.

Photograph of a captive individual (P. m. mocinno) taken at Xcaret Park, Mexico by @zoo_enthusiast :

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Photograph of a wild individual (P. m. costaricensis) taken at Sevultura Reserve, Costa Rica by @Newzooboy :

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White-tipped Quetzal (Pharomachrus fulgidus)

The range of this species is restricted to a fragmented distribution of disjunct populations through the mountain ranges of northeast Colombia and northern Venezuela.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

P. f. festatus - endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northeast Colombia.
P. f. fulgidus - found patchily throughout the Coastal Range of northern Venezuela.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Crested Quetzal (Pharomachrus antisianus)

Found throughout the Andes, from northern Colombia and northwest Venezuela in the north, to west-central Bolivia in the south.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a captive individual taken at Amazon World Zoo Park by @Tomek :

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Priotelus


Cuban Trogon (Priotelus temnurus)

Endemic to Cuba and the Isle of Pines.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

P. t. temnurus - endemic to Cuba.
P. t. vescus - endemic to the Isle of Pines.

Photograph of a captive individual (P. t. temnurus) taken at ZooParc de Beauval, France by @Antoine :

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Hispaniolan Trogon (Priotelus roseigaster)

Endemic to Hispaniola.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.
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Trogon


Lattice-tailed Trogon (Trogon clathratus)

The range of this species extends throughout the Atlantic slope of Central America, from northern Costa Rica in the west to north-central Panama in the east.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Slaty-tailed Trogon (Trogon massena)

The range of this species extends throughout Central America from southern Mexico in the northwest to easternmost Panama in the southeast, and from here throughout the western coastline of Colombia to northwestern Ecuador in the south.

Three subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. m. massena - found from southeast Mexico in the north, south into Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua
T. m. hoffmanni - found throughout Costa Rica and Panama, extending into northwest Colombia.
T. m. australis - found throughout western Colombia and northwest Ecuador

Photograph of a wild individual (T. m. massena) taken at La Milpa, Belize by @Neil chace :

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Photograph of a wild individual (T. m. hoffmanni) taken at Rincon De La Veija, Costa Rica by @Newzooboy :

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Blue-tailed Trogon (Trogon comptus)

The range of this species extends throughout the humid forest foothills of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Ecuadorian Trogon (Trogon mesurus)

Endemic to the coastal lowlands of western Ecuador.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Black-tailed Trogon (Trogon melanurus)

The range of this species represents a pair of disjunct populations found throughout the lowland rainforests of northern and central South America and immediately-adjacent regions of Central America; from eastern Panama into northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela; and throughout the Amazon Basin and adjacent regions.

Four subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. m. macroura - found from east-central Panama in the west, through northern Colombia into northwest Venezeula.
T. m. melanurus - found throughout the northern Amazon Basin, from southern Colombia in the west to the Guianas and northeast Brazil in the east.
T. m. eumorphus - found throughout the Amazon Basin
T. m. occidentalis - endemic to southeast Brazil in the Sao Paolo region.

Photograph of a captive individual of unclear subspecies taken at Dallas World Aquarium, USA by @CMP :

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Black-headed Trogon (Trogon melanocephalus)

The range of this species extends throughout much of Central America, from southern Mexico to northern Costa Rica.

Two subspecies are currently recognised as follows:

T. m. melanocephalus - found throughout the Caribbean slope of Central America, from southern Mexico to northeast Costa Rica.
T. m. illaetabilis - found throughout the Pacific slope of Central America, from El Salvador to northwestern Costa Rica.

Photograph of a wild individual (T. m. melanocephalus) taken at Hopkins, Belize by @MonkeyBat :

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Citreoline Trogon (Trogon citreolus)

Endemic to the Pacific coastline of western Mexico.

Two subspecies are currently recognised as follows:

T. c. citreolus - found throughout the Pacific slope of Mexico from Sinaloa to Oaxaca.
T. c. sumichrasti - endemic to the Pacific coastal plain of Mexico in Oaxaca and Chiapas.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


White-tailed Trogon (Trogon chionurus)

The range of this species extends throughout Panama into northern South America west of the Andes, as far south as west-central Ecuador.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Green-backed Trogon (Trogon viridis)

The range of this species extends throughout much of northern and central South America east of the Andes, from south-central Colombia in the north to central Bolivia in the south, and east throughout the Amazon Basin and Guianas; disjunct populations occur in coastal southeast Brazil and on Trinidad in the Caribbean.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a captive individual taken at Zoo Zurich, Switzerland by @Maguari :

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Baird's Trogon (Trogon bairdii)

Endemic to the Pacific rainforests of Costa Rica and western Panama.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a wild individual taken at Uvita, Costa Rica by @Newzooboy :

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Gartered Trogon (Trogon caligatus)

The range of this species extends throughout Central America and northwest South America, from central Mexico in the northwest to northwest Peru in the southeast, and as far east as northwest Venezuela.

Three subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. c. sallaei - found throughout the Caribbean and Pacific coastal slopes of eastern and southern Mexico, and from here as far east as Nicaragua.
T. c. concinnus - found throughout Costa Rica and Panama, and along the Pacific coastline of Colombia and Ecuador to northwestern Peru.
T. c. caligatus - found from the Atlantic coastline of northeast Panama into northern Colombia and northwest Venezuela.

Photograph of a wild individual (T. c. sallaei) taken at Hill Bank, Belize by @Neil chace :

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Guianan Trogon (Trogon violaceus)

The range of this species extends throughout the Guianas and into adjacent regions of Venezuela, northern Brazil and Trinidad.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Amazonian Trogon (Trogon ramonianus)

The range of this species extends throughout the Amazon Basin.

Two subspecies are currently recognised as follows; however, their validity and distribution is suspect.

T. r. ramonianus - found throughout the range of the species, barring the following:
T. r. crissalis - restricted to northeastern Brazil, south of the Rio Amazonas and east of the Rio Tapajós.

Photograph of a wild individual (T. r. ramonianus) taken at Cuyabeno Wildlife Preserve, Ecuador by @ronnienl :

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Blue-crowned Trogon (Trogon curucui)

The range of this species extends throughout much of the southern Amazon Basin and adjacent regions of central South America east of the Andes, from south-central Colombia in the north to north-central Argentina in the south, and from here into southwest and east-central Brazil.

Three subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. c. peruvianus - found throughout the eastern foothills of the Andes, from south-central Colombia to northwest Bolivia, and east into north-central Brazil.
T. c. curucui - found throughout central and eastern Brazil.
T. c. behni - found throughout eastern and southern Bolivia, and from here into north-central Argentina, Paraguay and southwest Brazil.

Photograph of a wild individual (T. c. peruvianus) taken in the Peruvian Amazon by @devilfish :

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Surucua Trogon (Trogon surrucura)

The range of this species extends throughout much of southern Brazil into adjacent regions of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. s. aurantius - found throughout east-central and southeast Brazil.
T. s. surrucura - found from eastern Paraguay and northeast Argentina into the extreme southeast of Brazil and probably Uruguay.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Northern Black-throated Trogon (Trogon tenellus)

The range of this species extends throughout the humid forests of Central America and immediately-adjacent regions of South America, from the Caribbean coastline of Honduras in the north to the extreme northwest of Colombia in the south.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a wild individual taken at Carara National Park, Costa Rica by @Newzooboy :

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Choco Black-throated Trogon (Trogon cupreicauda)

The range of this species is restricted to the humid lowland forests west of the Andes in western Colombia and northwest Ecuador.

Monotypic; no photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Amazonian Black-throated Trogon (Trogon rufus)

Endemic to the northern Amazon Basin and adjacent regions of South America east of the Andes.

Three subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. r. rufus - found from eastern Venezuela, throughout the Guianas into northeastern Brazil.
T. r. amazonicus - found throughout southern Venezuela and adjacent regions of northern Brazil.
T. r. sulphureus - found from southern Colombia and adjacent regions of southwestern Venezuela, throughout Amazonian Peru and Ecuador, into western and west-central Brazil.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Atlantic Black-throated Trogon (Trogon chrysochloros)

The range of this species extends throughout the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, and west into extreme northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. c. muriciensis - endemic to the Murici forest of Alagoas, Brazil.
T. c. chrysochloros - found throughout the species range, barring the above.

Photograph of a wild individual (T. c. chrysochloros) taken by @Therabu

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Elegant Trogon (Trogon elegans)

The range of this species represents a pair of patchily-distributed disjunct populations; throughout much of western and southern Mexico, with migratory populations extending into the extreme south-central USA; and throughout Central America from Guatemala and Honduras into northwest Costa Rica.

Five subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. e. goldmani - Summer breeding populations occur in the oak-pine woodlands of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico in the USA; resident populations occur throughout northwestern Mexico as far south as northern Sinaloa.
T. e. ambiguus - found throughout eastern Mexico from Tamaulipas west to Nayarit and south to Oaxaca, and rarely north into the extreme southeast of Texas in the USA.
T. e. canescens - Summer migrant populations occur in the extreme south of the USA in southeast Arizona, southwest New Mexico, and adjacent regions of northern Mexico; resident in the Sonora, Sinaloa and western Chihuahua regions of Mexico.
T. e. elegans - found throughout Guatemala and El Salvador, extending into central and southwest Honduras.
T. e. lubricus - found from Honduras in the north to northwest Costa Rica in the south.

Photograph of a wild individual (T. e. canescens) taken at Madera Canyon, Arizona by @Arizona Docent :

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Mountain Trogon (Trogon mexicanus)

The range of this species represents a patchy distribution of disjunct populations throughout the highland forests of northern and central Central America, from northwestern Mexico to central Honduras.

Two subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. m. clarus - endemic to the mountains of northwest Mexico, from southwest Chihuahua and eastern Sinaloa into Durango.
T. m. mexicanus - found throughout the remainder of the species range, from central Mexico to Honduras.

No photographs of this taxon currently exist in the Zoochat gallery.


Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris)

The range of this species represents a widespread distribution throughout the humid forests of South America, from the Pacific and Caribbean coastlines of southern and eastern Mexico in the north, south to the extreme southwest of Ecuador west of the Andes, and throughout the Amazon Basin, Guianas and adjacent regions of central and northern South America east of the Andes; a disjunct population is present in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil.

Ten subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. c. puella - found throughout the coastal slopes of Central America as far east as central Panama.
T. c. underwoodi - endemic to the montane forests of northwest Costa Rica.
T. c. aurantiiventris - found throughout the montane forests of Costa Rica and Panama.
T. c. extimus - endemic to the Darién province of eastern Panama.
T. c. heothinus - endemic to the Serranía del Darién on the border between Panama and Colombia.
T. c. virginalis - found throughout western Colombia and western Ecuador.
T. c. subtropicalis - endemic to the Magdalena and Cauca Valleys of western Colombia.
T. c. exoptatus - found throughout the Sierra de Perijá of Colombia; the Coastal Range and Andes of Venezuela, and into Trinidad and Tobago.
T. c. collaris - found throughout much of western and north-central South America north of the Amazon, from Colombia east to the Guianas.
T. c. castaneus - found throughout central South America south of the Amazon, from Peru and Bolivia east to central Brazil; also the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil.

Photograph of a captive individual (T. c. puella) taken at Chester Zoo, UK by @gentle lemur :

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Photograph of a wild individual (T. c. aurantiiventris) taken at Selvatura National Park, Costa Rica by @Newzooboy :

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Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus)

The range of this species extends throughout the humid montane forests of the Andes in South America, from northern Colombia and northwest Venezuela in the north to south-central Bolivia in the south; disjunct populations extend patchily throughout the tepuis of Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil.

Nine subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

T. p. sanctaemartae - endemic to the Santa Marta massif of northern Colombia.
T. p. ptaritepui - endemic to the tepuis of southeast Venezuela.
T. p. personatus - found throughout the subtropical montane zones of northern Colombia and adjacent northwest Venezuela, and throughout the eastern Andes from east-central Colombia in the north to eastern Peru in the south.
T. p. assimilis - found throughout the western Andes from western Colombia in the north to western Ecuador and northwest Peru in the south.
T. p. temperatus - found throughout the humid temperate zone of the central and eastern Andes in Colombia and Ecuador.
T. p. heliothrix - endemic to the temperate zone of the eastern slope of the Andes in Peru.
T. p. submontanus - found throughout the Andes of southeast Peru and Bolivia.
T. p. duidae - endemic to the tepuis of south-central Venezuela.
T. p. roraimae - endemic to the tepuis of southwest Guyana and the extreme north of Brazil.

Photograph of a wild individual (T. p. temperatus) taken at Guango Lodge, Ecuador by @ronnienl

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BUCEROTIFORMES


This clade contains 74 species within four families as follows:


UPUPIDAE - Hoopoes (1 genus, 2 species)

PHOENICULIDAE - Woodhoopoes and Scimitarbills (2 genera, 8 species)

BUCORVIDAE - Ground-hornbills (1 genus, 2 species)

BUCEROTIDAE - Hornbills (15 genera, 62 species)

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UPUPIDAE


This family comprises 1 extant genus:

Upupa - Hoopoes (2 species)

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Upupa


Eurasian Hoopoe (Upupa epops)

The summer breeding range of this species extends throughout central and southern Eurasia, with these populations largely wintering in the Iberian Peninsula and Maghreb, the Sahel of sub-Saharan Africa, and patchily in the Middle East and Indian Subcontinent; resident populations occur in the Iberian Peninsula, Maghreb, much of southern and southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. Across the summer and resident range, largely absent from arid areas, high altitudes and tropical rainforests.

Seven subspecies are currently recognised, as follows:

U. e. epops - summer breeding populations extend from the Maghreb, France and the Iberian Peninsula, throughout southern and central Europe and the Middle East into south-central Russia, northwestern China and northwestern India; wintering populations occur in the Iberian Peninsula, coastal Maghreb, Sahel of sub-Saharan Africa and through the Arabian Peninsula into the western Indian subcontinent.
U. e. major - occurs throughout Egypt, northern Sudan and eastern Chad
U. e. ceylonensis - occurs throughout Pakistan, peninsular India and Sri Lanka.
U. e. longirostris - occurs throughout Bangladesh, Assam and south-central China, and from here into Indochina and the northern Malay Peninsula.
U. e. senegalensis - occurs throughout the Sahel from Mauritania and Sierra Leone in the east to Ethiopia and Somalia in the west.
U. e. waibeli - occurs throughout north-central sub-Saharan Africa from Cameroon and southern Chad in the west, through the northern DRC to Uganda and northern Kenya in the east.
U. e. africana - occurs throughout much of central and southern Africa from Gabon and west-central DRC in the west to central Kenya in the east, and south to the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.

Photograph of a captive animal (U. e. epops) taken at Bird Paradise in Singapore by @Leo K. :

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Photograph of a wild animal (U. e. longirostris) taken at Manas National Park, Assam by @Chlidonias :

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Photograph of a wild animal (U. e. senegalensis) taken at Bishangari Lodge, Ethiopia by @Maguari :

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Photograph of a wild animal (U. e. africana) taken in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania by @Hix :

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Madagascar Hoopoe (Upupa marginata)

Endemic to Madagascar.

Monotypic.

Photograph of a wild individual taken at Ifaty, Madagascar by @lintworm

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