Trends in European zoo collections in the 21st century

Just as a quick note: since the EU operates as a single market, there is freedom movement of people and goods all around. As such it does not make sense that you ban something in one country and people can still import it freely through the border, simply because there are no border checks. One thing contradicts the other. Hence the EU wide ban.

The EU is a single market only IN THEORY. In reality, each country, region or municipality makes a lot of local laws and regulation that absolutely destroy idea of single market.

Some of them ban certain species, domestic breeds or animals from certain destinations within the EU.
 
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Some of them ban certain species, domestic breeds or animals from certain destinations within the EU.

For instance, here in the UK we had banned the keeping of Coypu about 25 years before the species was banned across the rest of the EU.
 
For instance, here in the UK we had banned the keeping of Coypu about 25 years before the species was banned across the rest of the EU.

This makes sense because the UK also managed to eradicate established wild population prior to its ban. However the EU has no plan for coypu eradication thus ban on coypu keeping is useless, at least in case of my country.
 
Oh well, that's a bit of a digression (though it could be interesting to discuss further in a topic-specific thread), but I just wanted to clarify.

Even if it is a big concern for many zoo species, this topic deserves its own thread, that may be separated from this one.

There already *are* a few threads where the topic is discussed, as it happens :) and some of the posts within this thread could well merit being quoted/duplicated within said threads.... but I think the ongoing discussion of the topic here is neither a problem nor off-topic, as it is entirely relevant to the overall subject matter of this thread - to wit, the various factors which influence trends of decline, increase and stagnation in European zoological collections.
 
There already *are* a few threads where the topic is discussed, as it happens :) and some of the posts within this thread could well merit being quoted/duplicated within said threads.... but I think the ongoing discussion of the topic here is neither a problem nor off-topic, as it is entirely relevant to the overall subject matter of this thread - to wit, the various factors which influence trends of decline, increase and stagnation in European zoological collections.
We should only talk about the species described in the thread (now, the Coypu that is, however, a typical case of the ban effect on animal collections) without digressing too much about the subject in general...
 
We should only talk about the species described in the thread (now, the Coypu that is, however, a typical case of the ban effect on animal collections) without digressing too much about the subject in general...

Always waiting for a particular species to pop up before allowing ourselves to discuss the subject would be rather silly, I feel :P unless you intend to suggest we have the exact same conversation when @lintworm reaches procyonids, and again when he reaches canids, and again when he reaches cervids, and so on....

I'm sure that when/if @lintworm wants us to drop the subject, he'll let us know it's time to move on :)
 
Always waiting for a particular species to pop up before allowing ourselves to discuss the subject would be rather silly, I feel :p unless you intend to suggest we have the exact same conversation when @lintworm reaches procyonids, and again when he reaches canids, and again when he reaches cervids, and so on....

I'm sure that when/if @lintworm wants us to drop the subject, he'll let us know it's time to move on :)

I am happy to have this discussion here as it had to happen at some point. I didn't expect it really yet this morning, so the mole-rat post drowned under a whole lot of coypu. But that happens, I am not the owner of the thread.
 
There already *are* a few threads where the topic is discussed, as it happens :) and some of the posts within this thread could well merit being quoted/duplicated within said threads.... but I think the ongoing discussion of the topic here is neither a problem nor off-topic, as it is entirely relevant to the overall subject matter of this thread - to wit, the various factors which influence trends of decline, increase and stagnation in European zoological collections.

I've occasionally searched for this, but I haven't been able to find any thread discussing the EU ban specifically - it always only seems to come up when discussing other parts of zoo management. Do you have any links I can check out?

Anyways, I don't have anything against discussing it in this thread - I just wrote that I digressed because I assumed that some users maybe didn't want the thread to drown in posts about the EU ban.
 
I am happy to have this discussion here as it had to happen at some point. I didn't expect it really yet this morning, so the mole-rat post drowned under a whole lot of coypu. But that happens, I am not the owner of the thread.
Sorry for it, I really love the Naked Mole-Rats (les rats-beauté, in French language).
 
Number of zoos kept (current and former during the holding period):
A 1 zoo
B 2-5 zoos
C 6-10 zoos
D >10 zoos

Time period kept:
1 < 1 year
2 1-5 years
3 6-10 years
4 11-20 years
5 > 20 years

* Species successfully bred
♱ Dead end (in case of species gained)
↑ Species gaining popularity (in case of species gained)

Dassie rats - Petromuridae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 0
# Species kept currently: 0
# Species gained: 1
# Species lost: 1


A monotypic family whose single member is limited to rocky areas in Southwestern Africa.

Species gained but lost

Dassie rat - Petromus typicus B3
This species was kept in Tierpark Berlin 2000-2007 and Zoo Plzen 2004-2006, but wasn’t bred.

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@Maguari These small hyraxes with tails didn't establish themselves in Europe

Cane rats - Thryonomyidae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 0
# Species kept currently: 0
# Species gained: 1
# Species lost: 1


With two large African rat-like species this is another small family that only made a brief appearance this century.

Species gained but lost

Greater cane rat - Thryonomys swinderianus B3
This species was shortly kept in multiple zoos this century: Zoo Plzen 2008-2009, Zoo Hannover 2000-2001 and Tiergarten Schoenebeck 2001-2007.

Beavers - Castoridae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 2
# Species kept currently: 2
# Species gained: 0
# Species lost: 0


Both family members are represented in Europe, in recent years there has been a small push to switch to the native European beaver (Castor fiber) and phase-out North-American beaver (Castor canadensis). Whereas some zoos have made the switch the number of holders for both species for now remains relatively stable. European beavers are even less diurnal then their North-American counterparts, so don’t really make a better display animal. American beaver were candidates to be added to the EU invasive species list, but unlike Axis deer (Axis axis) they weren't included in the latest update.

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@robreintjes Still 2 species of beaver around in Europe, though hardly anyone would notice if one went missing

Progress
16/22 orders completed
60/106 families completed
285-293 species present in 2000
282-284 species present in 2023
88-96 species gained this century
96-99 species lost this century
 
European beavers are even less diurnal then their North-American counterparts, so don’t really make a better display animal.

Although one sometimes comes across bizarre - but satisfying - outliers; when I visited Wilhelma recently their entire group of Canadian Beaver were extremely active during the midday sun, and I've had similar experiences with the European Beaver held at Augsburg and Zagreb!
 
Although one sometimes comes across bizarre - but satisfying - outliers; when I visited Wilhelma recently their entire group of Canadian Beaver were extremely active during the midday sun, and I've had similar experiences with the European Beaver held at Augsburg and Zagreb!

Similarly the North American beavers at All things Wild have been super active when I have visited (much to my joy I have to say) - the exceptions which prove the rule!
 
Although one sometimes comes across bizarre - but satisfying - outliers; when I visited Wilhelma recently their entire group of Canadian Beaver were extremely active during the midday sun, and I've had similar experiences with the European Beaver held at Augsburg and Zagreb!

In my experience you have at least a reasonable chance to see NA beavers active during the day, the NA beaver in Pairi Daiza seems to be particularly diurnal. In Stuttgart I have only seen them during the early evening. I think the number of diurnal European beaver encounters that I have had in zoos can be counted on 1 hand, but sometimes you can get lucky ;)
 
]Dassie rats - Petromuridae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 0
# Species kept currently: 0
# Species gained: 1
# Species lost: 1


A monotypic family whose single member is limited to rocky areas in Southwestern Africa.

Species gained but lost

Dassie rat - Petromus typicus B3
This species was kept in Tierpark Berlin 2000-2007 and Zoo Plzen 2004-2006, but wasn’t bred.

full

@Maguari These small hyraxes with tails didn't establish themselves in Europe

Dassie rats aren't hyraxes.
 
Today we will cover the final non-muroid rodent families. After that we will get our fair share of mice and rats.

Kangaroo rats & pocket mice - Heteromyidae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 1
# Species kept currently: 1
# Species gained: 0
# Species lost: 0


Only a single species of this family has been kept this century: Merriam’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami). This species was imported by Burgers’ Zoo in 1998, where the European first breeding also occurred. It is currently kept in 3 different zoos, of which both Burgers’ Zoo and Poznan Nowe Zoo are regular breeders.

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@HOMIN96 dedicated breeding efforts in 2 zoos main this species could be maintained until the present day

Springhares - Pedetidae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 1
# Species kept currently: 2 (+1)
# Species gained: 1
# Species lost: 0


A small African family of large kangaroo-like rodents. Originally only a single species was recognized, but this was split in 2 around the start of the century. The southern springhare (Pedetes capensis) has been present as a rare species for decades in Europe, only Zoo Berlin still breeds this species so it's existence in Europe is all but secured.

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@Dormitator The survival of springhares in Europe in general is not a given

Species gained

Eastern springhare - Pedetes surdaster B4*♱
This species was first kept in 2004 in Zoo Plzen and hasn’t been kept outside of Czechia. They were kept in Zoo Praha until 2022 and in Zoo Plzen until 2021. The single remaining Plzen individual moved to Zoo Dvur Kralove in 2021, once this animal dies, this species will disappear again from Europe.

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@HOMIN96 Like many rodents eastern springhares were a Czech speciality and not able to create a stable zoo population

Progress
16/22 orders completed
62/106 families completed
287-295 species present in 2000
285-287 species present in 2023
89-97 species gained this century
96-99 species lost this century
 
Birch mice - Sminthidae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 0
# Species kept currently: 1 (+1)
# Species gained: 3
# Species lost: 2


Formerly treated as a subfamily of the Jerboas (Dipodidae) these mouse-like animals that look completely different from the jerboas are now treated as their own family.

Species gained

Hungarian birch mouse - Sicista trizona A2*
This species has been kept in Zoo Budapest since 2021 as part of a captive breeding program. The Hungarian birch mouse was only recognized as a species in 2016 and is listed as endangered and is patchily distributed in the Carpathian basin. The establishment of a captive breeding program with a local zoo is a good example of the direction zoos seem to be slowly taking when it comes to conservation.

Species gained but lost

Northern birch mouse - Sicista betulina B3
Kept in Zoo Tallinn 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 as well as in Bydgozcz Zoo, Poland 2006-2011. Apparently bred in neither.

Southern birch mouse - Sicista subtilis B2
Kept in Zoo Leipzig 2002-2003 and in Schulzoo Leipzig 2002-200?, with animals originating from Zoo Moscow. The species did not breed in either zoo.

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@Giant Eland A single northern birch mouse was still present in Zoo Moscow in 2022

Jerboas - Dipodidae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 2
# Species kept currently: 2
# Species gained: 4
# Species lost: 4


Out of the 6 species of this family to be kept in Europe this century, only 2 have been kept continuously (the 2 Egyptian jerboas Jaculus orientalis and Jaculus jaculus), most other species have only made brief appearances on the continent.

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@Rhino00 The lesser Egyptian jerboa is currently the most widely kept jerboa in European zoos, but lack of interest means that zoos cooperate with private keepers

Species gained but lost

Greater jerboa - Allactaga major B2?
Both Zoo Riga (2001-2002) and Skansen Zoo, Stockholm (2007-200?) received offspring from Zoo Moscow, but neither zoo could keep this species long term or breed them.

Long-eared jerboa - Euchoreutes naso A2
Species kept in Zoo Magdeburg 2004-2007 with animals originating from Halle University. The species wasn’t bred and remained off-show.

Small five-toed jerboa - Scarturus elater A2
Kept shortly in Zoo Plzen 2009-2012, but not bred there.

Four-toed jerboa - Scarturus tetradactylus B3
Species was kept in 3 different zoos this century, but never long term: Zoo Leipzig 2004-2008, Tierpark Goerlitz ????-2005 and Zoo Plzen 2014-2017.

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@vogelcommando While absent from zoos, species like four-toed jerboa are around in the private trade

Progress
16/22 orders completed
64/106 families completed
289-297 species present in 2000
288-290 species present in 2023
96-104 species gained this century
102-105 species lost this century
 
I work as an ecologist for an organization managing a large area of protected natural land and have a PhD in invasion biology, so I think that I have an inkling of what I am talking about.

Should we start a competition for quote of the year too? Because I think we have a winner.

On a serious note, this thread has been and is a pleasure to read. You've shared some brilliant insights and I can't wait to read more.
 
Spalacids - Spalacidae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 0
# Species kept currently: 2 (+2)
# Species gained: 4
# Species lost: 2



A family of mostly fossorial species which includes some mole rats that are not true mole rats. This family is rarely seen in zoos and given that most family members don’t make good display animals it is hardly a surprise that if zoos go for fossorial species they go for the much more social true mole rats.

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@Maguari This family contains some highly interesting species such as Ethiopian giant mole rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), with which Ethiopian wolves tend to play whack-a-mole

Species gained

Lesser bamboo rat - Cannomys badius C4*
A species that has been kept in about 8 zoos this century, often only for a short period. It is currently kept in Zoo Plzen and Zoo Budapest.

Large bamboo rat - Rhizomys sumatrensis B2
This species first appeared this century in Zoo Plzen in 2019 and is currently also kept in Zie-Zoo in Volkel, the Netherlands.


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@Zooish Bamboo rats aren't exactly the favourite animals of an orthodontist

Species gained but lost

Palestine mole rat - Nannospalax ehrenbergi A2
Kept in Pairi Daiza from 2016-2018, only on show in 2017.

African root rat - Tachyoryctes splendens B2
Species kept in Zoo Plzen in 2006 and from 2009-2012 in Zoo Praha, but bred in neither. Species was identified as demon mole rat (T. daemon), but that species is tentatively lumped into T. splendens.

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@ralph Palestine mole rats were only on show for a very short period of time in Europe


Brush-tailed mice - Calomyscidae
# Species kept 1-1-2000: 1
# Species kept currently: 1
# Species gained: -
# Species lost: -


Only a single species of this family, also known as mouse-like hamsters, has been kept in European zoos: the Great Balkhan brush-tailed mouse (Calomyscus mystax) a small number of zoos maintain breeding groups of this curious rodent.

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@vogelcommando Not a mouse, nor a hamster, but interesting to watch nonetheless


Progress
16/22 orders completed
66/106 families completed
290-298 species present in 2000
291-293 species present in 2023
100-108 species gained this century
104-107 species lost this century
 
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