Virginia Zoo Virginia Zoo Review and Species List - September 2023

Astrotom3000

Well-Known Member
10+ year member
Hello Zoochatters, I am back again yet with another facility review and species list. This is the 2nd of 3 review/species list threads that I will be posting regarding the (AZA-accredited) zoos and aquariums of Virginia.

As with my previous thread, I will give a brief overview and review of each exhibit, along with the species present. Latin names are provided for your convenience. Anything noteworthy regarding animal visibility or exhibit status will also be noted.

Lastly, if an animal is signed, but not seen, I will simply mark it as not seen. I will only mark an animal as "off-exhibit" as opposed to not seen if I either get confirmation the animal is actually off-exhibit (such as a sign or from a keeper) or can be certain the exhibit is unoccupied.

I have also compiled a species list in the form of an iNaturalist list which you can view here -> [VISIT] Virginia Zoo Species List.

Astrotom3000's Virginia Venture - Part 2
This thread will cover the Virginia Zoological Park in Norfolk, VA. This is the 2nd of the 3 VA facilities that I visited during my Virginia Beach trip and is my 33rd zoological facility overall. My date of visit was September 20, 2023. I also visited the Virginia Living (of which I already posted a review and list) and the Virginia Aquarium and Marine Science Center. The latter will come later.

Overview
The Virginia Zoological Park is a small-medium zoo located in Norfolk, Virginia. Situated within Lafayette Park, on the banks of the Lafayette River, the zoo encompasses about 45 acres and is home to nearly 150 species of wildlife. Of the three AZA-accredited facilities located in Virginia, this one focuses the most on exotic wildlife, with only a scant few species of native Virginia wildlife being present, mostly in the form of reptiles and one species of bird. The zoo is also notable for its large and elaborate 3-story entrance building.

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The vast majority of the zoo's animal collection is concentrated into 3 distinct areas; the Okavango Delta, the Trail of the Tiger, and the World of Reptiles/ZooFarm/North America area. Between these 3 areas, there is little in the way of exhibits, also the zoo does also feature a variety of gardens scattered throughout the premises. Said gardens are pretty small and spread out, resulting in a lot of unused space. Amongst its various conservation projects, the zoo participates in oyster bed restoration, the efforts of which can be seen in a small inlet just north of the World of Reptiles building.

Overall, I would consider the Virginia Zoo to be an above-average zoo. I definitely enjoyed my visit here, and there is definitely a lot to like here. The zoo is very well landscaped and kept. The collection is pretty decent and varied, with their reptile collection especially being a standout. The landscaping and exhibit design are also decent, with some standout areas. The zoo is also very easy to navigate, and short distances between exhibits make it easy to plan out your day and revisit multiple exhibits during the day.

My biggest complaint regarding the zoo is how inconsistent it is in various aspects. While the collection is overall decent, it's definitely stronger in some areas than others. Their reptile collection is excellent, whereas their collection in other areas is either weak at worst or unremarkable at best. Likewise, Okavango Delta and (to a lesser extent) Trail of the Tiger have very remarkable landscaping and design, while World of Reptiles suffers from boring presentation. I will get into details with the exhibit posts.

Another thing that bugged me was the operating hours; the zoo is only open 9:30am-4:00pm, a full 1.5 hours shorter than the standard. This may not be an issue for all folks, but for me, who loves spending all time at these places taking in and absorbing everything, that 1.5 hours is definitely felt. Thankfully, the zoo is small enough to where you are unlikely to be felt pressed for time unless you arrive late.

One more big strike against the zoo is that it seems to be suffering from the same problem as the Virginia Living Museum where management is allowing things to slip. World of Reptiles wasn't fully open on my visit and, based on what I've heard here, it never was despite opening years ago. Quite a few habitats here and there were empty, and a few seem like they were empty for a while.

With all of that out of the way, let's dig in.
 
Okavango Delta
One of the zoo's big 3 exhibit complexes, this exhibit features a self-contained loop that takes visitors into an African landscape filled with various animals from Rhinos to Meerkats to Tortoises. The exhibit features elaborate landscaping and water features, and includes a canyon area with small mammals and reptiles and a large stable for Giraffes and Rhinos that visitors pass through. A good chunk of the exhibit consists of elevated board walk.

From a pure landscaping and design perspective, this is hands-down the best exhibit at the zoo and one of my favorites of all time. I absolutely love the rockwork, water features, plantings, and how the path interacts with and winds its way through the complex was very inspiring. There is also some Hagenbeck-inspired viewing angles found here. The enclosures themselves are, for the most part, very spacious, lush, and well-maintained. The lion exhibit in particular is one of the best I have seen. One thing I do like about the collection here is that it features both small and large animals, something I wish more "African plains"-style exhibits did.

That being said, the collection otherwise is fairly standard and unremarkable outside of that. Probably the biggest letdown is the mixture of Zebras and Watusi Cattle; I really wish they had a more interesting mix for the 2 large plains exhibits here.

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Species List
  • Hartmann's Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae)
  • Watusi Cattle (Bos indicus)
  • Maasai Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi)
  • Southern Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri)
  • Southern Ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) (Not seen)
  • Yellow-backed Duiker (Cephalophus silvicultor) (Not seen)
  • Red River Hog (Potamochoerus porcus) (Not seen)
  • Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
  • Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus)
  • Blue/Stanley Crane (Anthropoides paradiseus)
  • Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca) (Not seen)
  • Taveta Golden-Weaver (Ploceus castaneiceps)
  • White-headed Buffalo-Weaver (Dinemellia dinemelli)
  • Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)
  • Lion (Panthera leo)
  • Crevice/Pancake Tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri) (Not seen)
  • Cape Porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis) (Off-exhibit, but was visible at ZooFarm)
  • Meller's Chameleon (Trioceros melleri) (Off-exhibit)
  • Radiated Tortoise (Astrochelys radiata)
  • Rock Monitor (Varanus albigularis) (Signed as White-throated Monitor)
  • Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis)
  • Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)
  • Aldabra Giant Tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea) (outside the loop)
Notes
The animals marked as "off-exhibit" here were explicitly signed as off-exhibit at the zoo. The animals marked "not seen" where not visible, but there was no indication they were off-exhibit. These animals had places where they could have been hiding out of view.

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Trail of the Tiger
This exhibit depicts the wildlife of Southern and Southeastern Asia. The trail loop takes visitors past a variety of Asian animals such as Tigers, Bears, Orangutans, Gibbons, Tapirs, and much more. Like Okavango Delta, the trail winds around and past exhibits and strongly utilizes elevated boardwalk (which was just replaced this past year). The exhibits employs rockwork and themed architecture for its exhibits and scenery.

Of the 3 major exhibits, this one is probably in the middle. It's collection is more interesting than Okavango Delta, but the landscaping and design is nowhere near as interesting. When I said this zoo is very inconsistent in the opening post, this is where that comes into play. Okavango Delta feels like it was designed by the North Carolina Zoo. Trail of the Tiger, on the other hand, feels like it was designed for ZooTampa. Compared to OD, there is a greater emphasis on unnaturalistic barriers (fencing, wooden walls) and exhibit elements, such as the use of artificial climbing structures.

That being said, it's not a bad exhibit at all. Despite feeling more dated than Okavango despite being newer, the exhibits themselves are still very good for the most part. The arboreal animals are given lots of climbing opportunities, none of the exhibits felt too small, and there are some interesting mixes here.

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Species List
  • Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)*
  • Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus)*
  • Mainland Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) (Not on exhibit, coming soon)**
  • Chinese Hwamei (Garrulax canorus)
  • Laughing Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae)
  • White-crested Laughingthrush (Garrulax leucolophus)
  • Tawny Frogmouth (Podargus strigoides)
  • Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens)
  • White-naped Crane (Antigone vipio) (Unsigned)
  • Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros)
  • Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus)
  • Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) (Unsigned)****
  • Binturong (Arctictis binturong)
  • Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone)
  • Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius)
  • Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus)
  • Asian Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus)
  • Northern White-cheeked Gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys)
  • Malayan Tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni)***
Notes
*These species also have access to an indoor exhibit that is visible to guests, in addition to their outdoor exhibits.
**This species is not present yet. The zoo is planning to exhibit this species here. This exhibit was previously home to Sun Bear.
***iNaturalist will have the tiger subspecies listed as the Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) as they do not recognize the Malayan subspecies.
****The vultures were exhibited in an enclosure behind the tapirs, and where visible. There is an aviary under construction near the middle of the zoo that is for this species. There is no indication it will be open anytime soon.

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World of Reptiles and Friends
This is by far the most species-rich exhibit at the zoo. As the name implies,this exhibit focuses heavily on reptiles, with some amphibians also present. Supposedly, there are (or were?) mammals also present in one part of the building, but said part was closed off. This exhibit reopened back in 2018 after an extensive renovation. The exhibit consists of long corridors home to various reptiles and amphibians. There is also a conservatory, but apparently, it's never been open since the renovation.

This is where my complaint about the zoo being inconsistent really comes to a head. On the one hand, this exhibit has the most interesting collection in the zoo, with a variety of rare and interesting species. Of course, I may be a little biased as I am a big reptile fan. There were a ton of surprises in here, including a big exhibit for Siamese Crocodiles.

On the other hand, it's the worst exhibit in the zoo from a design standpoint. It is lacking in theming or flourish, with bland hallways lined with similarly-sized terrariums and lacking in interesting presentation. In addition, exhibit quality is also all over the place. Some terrariums felt a bit on the small side, while others felt underfurnished.

And then there's the fact that the exhibit is blatantly unfinished! There were 2 exhibits in the "Giants" section that were clearly not complete, with visible drywall. The conservatory, just down the hall from there, is blocked off and unfinished, and apparently has been this way since the building reopened in 2018! Visitors are forced to backtrack to exit the building. Seriously, WTF is going on in here?

It really feels like the 3 principle exhibits here were all designed by/for different zoos.

Of the new or newly-renovated reptile houses I have visited in the past 2 years (which also includes Atlanta's Scaly Slimy Spectacular and Riverbank's Aquarium and Reptile Complex), this is easily the weakest of them all, especially from a presentation perspective.

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Species List
  • Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) (Outdoor netted exhibit just to the left of the Beastro)
  • Home's Hingeback Tortoise (Kinixys homeana) (Unsigned)
  • King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)
  • Central Fijian Banded Iguana (Brachylophus bulabula)
  • Crevice/Pancake Tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri)
  • Egyptian Mastigure (Uromastyx aegyptia)
  • Roughtail Rock Agama (Laudakia stellio)
  • Schneider's Skink (Eumeces schneiderii) (Unsigned)
  • Smallwood's Anole (Anolis smallwoodi)
  • Southern Green Python (Morelia viridis)
  • Anchieta's Dwarf Python (Python anchietae)
  • Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake (Crotalus pyrrhus)
  • Banded Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus klauberi)
  • Goliath Birdeater (Theraphosa blondi)
  • Splendid Treefrog (Ranoidea splendida)
  • Ocellated Lizard (Timon lepidus) (Signed as Jeweled Lacerta)
  • Mexican Alligator Lizard (Abronia graminea) (Unsigned, confirmed by keeper)
  • Hermann's Tortoise (Testudo hermanni)
  • New Caledonian Giant Gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus)
  • Green Keel-bellied Lizard (Gastropholis prasina)
  • Frilled Lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii)
  • McCord's Box Turtle (Cuora mccordi)
  • Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) (Unsigned)
  • Solomon Islands Skink (Corucia zebrata)
  • Henkel's Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus henkeli)
  • Madagascar Giant Day Gecko (Phelsuma grandis)
  • Emerald Tree Boa (Corallus caninus)
  • Green-and-black Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates auratus)
  • Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
  • Gold-ringed Cat Snake (Boiga dendrophila) (Signed as Mangrove Snake)
  • Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius)
  • Aruba Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus unicolor)
  • Central American Indigo Snake (Drymarchon melanurus) (Signed as Black-tailed Cribo)
  • Eyelash Viper (Bothriechis schlegelii)
  • Mexican Cantil (Agkistrodon bilineatus)
  • Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum)
  • Timor Python (Malayopython timoriensis)
  • Northern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus)
  • Chinese Crocodile Lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)
  • Ethiopia Viper (Bitis parviocula)
  • Rhinoceros Viper (Bitis nasicornis)
  • Siamese Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis)**
  • Amur Carp/Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) (Unsigned)**
  • Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) (Unsigned)**
  • Three Spot Gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus) (Unsigned)**
  • Unspecified Armored Catfish (Loricariidae) (Unsigned)**
  • Northern Seahorse (Hippocampus erectus)
  • Rubber Eel/Caecilian (Typhlonectes natans)
  • Lorestan/Iranian Newt (Neurergus kaiseri)
  • African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • Tentacled Snake (Erpeton tentaculatum)**
  • Philippine Sailfin Lizard (Hydrosaurus pustulatus)
  • Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle (Chelodina mccordi)
  • Amazonian Mata Mata (Chelus fimbriata)
  • Green/Plumed Basilisk (Basiliscus plumifrons)
  • Northern Caiman Lizard (Dracaena guianensis)
  • Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) (Unsigned)**
  • Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)
  • Jamaica Ground Iguana (Cyclura collei)
  • Crocodile Monitor (Varanus salvadorii)
  • Baron's Green Racer (Philodryas baroni)
  • Egyptian Tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni)
  • Giant African Bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus)
  • Eastern Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula)
  • Mexican Orangeknee Tarantula (Brachypelma hamorii)
  • Giant Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma asio)
  • Reticulated Python (Malayopython reticulatus)
  • Jamaican Boa (Chilabothrus subflavus)
  • Baker's Spiny-tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura bakeri) (Signed as Utila Island Iguana)
  • Rio Fuerte Beaded Lizard (Heloderma exasperatum) (Signed as Heloderma horridum exasperatum)
  • Amazonian Boa Constrictor (Boa constrictor constrictor)
  • Blue-spotted Tree Monitor (Varanus macraei)
  • Reisinger's Tree Monitor (Varanus reisingeri) (Signed as Yellow Tree Monitor)
  • Black Tree Monitor (Varanus beccarii)
  • Emerald Tree Monitor (Varanus prasinus) (Signed as Green Tree Monitor)
  • Gray's Monitor (Varanus olivaceus) (Not on exhibit, most likely BTS)
Nurseries/Labs (these animals are NOT exhibited together)*
  • Amazon Milk Frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix)
  • Anthony's Poison Arrow Frog (Epipedobates anthonyi)
  • Brazilian Giant Tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus)
  • Chinese Crocodile Lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)
  • Dyeing Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius)
  • Eastern Ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)
  • Green-and-black Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates auratus)
  • Green Mantella (Mantella viridis)
  • Golden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca)
  • Golden Poison Dart Frog (Phyllobates terribilis)
  • Jamaican Boa (Chilabothrus subflavus)
  • Lemur Leaf Frog (Agalychnis lemur)
  • Madagascar Hissing Cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa)
  • Orange-eyed Tree Frog (Ranoidea chloris)
  • Panamanian Golden Frog (Atelopus zeteki)
  • Ringed Tree Boa (Corallus annulatus)
  • Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle (Chelodina mccordi)
  • Solomon Islands Leaf Frog (Cornufer guentheri)
  • Splashback Poison Frog (Adelphobates galactonotus)
  • Strawberry Poison Dart Frog (Oophaga pumilio)
  • Williams' Dwarf Gecko (Lygodactylus williamsi)
Notes
*This just lists what animals I saw labeled in the 2 nuseries/labs that you pass by through the exhibit. These animals are all housed separately, and I would expect this lineup to change based on the needs of the zoo. These animals are also not presented in order.
**These animals/exhibits contained unsigned fish. I tried to identify what I could, but there may be others not listed here that were unsigned.

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Other Exhibits
This last exhibit post will cover exhibits that are too small to warrant their own posts.

North America
This is a trio of exhibits located behind the World of Reptiles building. There are 3 exhibits here, but only one was in use. What is going on here? The Prairie Dog exhibit is overgrown to the point where it looks like it hasn't been maintained in some time. The bison exhibit also looked pretty empty, with some overgrowth as well. A shame, because the exhibits look quite nice otherwise.
  • American Bison (Bison bison) (Off-exhibit)
  • Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
  • Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) (Off-exhibit)
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Australia

This is located at the back of the zoo, and supposedly features a kangaroo walkabout. However, it was completely closed off and unoccupied. The only animals to be found here were a pair of Emus located in the back, which can be seen from a deadend pathway.
  • Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
  • Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) (Off-exhibit, but visible at Trail of the Tiger)
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ZooFarm

This is a farmyard exhibit located adjacent to the World of Reptiles building. This is a standard farmyard exhibit, or at least it would be had it not been for a small helping of interesting exotic animals found here, ones that are not even marked on the map. I hate when zoos hide exotic animals behind farmyards.
  • Eastern Crested Guineafowl (Guttera pucherani)
  • Northern Treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri)
  • Patagonian Mara (Dolichotis patagonum)
  • Prevost's Squirrel (Callosciurus prevostii)
  • Screaming Hairy Armadillo (Chaetophractus vellerosus)
  • Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
    • Huacaya Alpaca
  • Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus)
    • Dexter Cattle
  • Domestic Goat (Capra hircus)
    • Nigerian Dwarf Goat
  • Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)
    • Kunekune Pig
  • Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries)
    • Southdown Babydoll Sheep
  • Zebu (Bos indicus)
    • Miniature Zebu Cow
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Other
There is an exhibit under-construction near the middle of the zoo. It appears to be a future home for the zoo's Cinereous Vultures. The frame for the exhibit is standing, but not much has been done to it otherwise. Based on an older map provided by @snowleopard, this exhibit previously held Red Panda.
  • Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) (Off-exhibit, but visible at Trail of the Tiger)
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Conclusion and Closing Remarks
That will do it for my review of the Virginia Zoological Park. I hope you all enjoyed reading the post and found it informative.

Here is the total species count and tally.

Total Species - 148
Reptiles - 69
Mammals - 33
Birds - 19
Amphibians - 18
Fish - 6
Arachnids - 2
Insects - 1

It is no surprise that reptiles utterly dominate the taxon breakdown given the existence of a dedicated reptile house. The zoo's reptile collection is very superb, although they are lacking in freshwater turtles. Mammals come in a distant 2nd, but the zoo's mammal collection is pretty solid. The bird collection was fairly unremarkable; 19 species may not seem too small, but this is the best the state of Virginia has to offer outside of unaccredited zoos. It's one of the weaker bird collections that I have seen in an accredited zoo. The fact that it's nearly matched by amphibians is also telling. Fish are an afterthought, and invertebrates are almost non-existent.

Overall, I find the Virginia Zoo to be a decent and enjoyable, yet very flawed facility. It varies wildly in quality depending on where you go and what you look for. World of Reptiles has a great collection, but subpar presentation and exhibitry. Okavango has great exhibitry and design, but an unremarkable collection. Trail of the Tiger is somewhere in the middle. Even within the exhibit complexes themselves, the experience can vary. It isn't helped by the fact that the zoo has left some parts go to waste. I really hope the zoo can commit to bettering the guest experience and try to get everything open and operational.

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Coming Soon - Virginia Aquarium and Marine Science Center
 
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