There’s a really interesting study regarding estrus induction in white rhinoceros, which has been used successfully to aid conception:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093691X12003056#:~:text=In conclusion, CMA in combination,the captive white rhinoceros population.
Interestingly, the study notes that historically only 26% of wild females have successfully bred; and 18% of captive bred females.
Regionally, we’ve had a number of captive bred females successfully breed including Kito (2000), Tamu (2002), Jamila (2012) and Kipenzi (2013). All these cows have produced at least two offspring to date and one of them has bred with two different bulls.
It was encouraging to see Zambezi and Jamila successfully mate at Auckland Zoo, dispelling any myths cows of this species can’t breed in 1.1 pairs. Though it’s been a pleasure to see the family herd of four on my visits (parents plus juvenile daughters), it’s undoubtedly in the best interests of the daughters reproductive health to transfer out of their natal herd by adolescence.