Also, real hot zoo take.
Many primates are kept in far too small social groups, especially monkeys. This could just be me but I often see animals like colobus kept in really small groups of >5
I agree with this but think it's a tricky problem to solve.
I mean, there's one answer that's very straightforward: If you can't keep an appropriately-sized group, don't keep any at all. Obviously if you're against primates being in zoos, this is the solution. But I really enjoy seeing primates in zoos,
especially great apes, so this solution is a bit... meh. That's just for my personal taste, too- it's ignoring all the benefits that come from having these animals in captivity.
I think it's challenging in part because a decent chunk of the general public- maybe not the majority, but a decent chunk- doesn't want to see
any primates in captivity. Going to these groups and saying "hey, the way we can best provide a social climate for these animals is actually by having
more of them in captivity, a LOT more"... that's a pretty hard sell for some people, I think. And something of a tricky sell for investors, too- "We need funding to house and care for a dozen capuchins, not just five".
The solution at the end of the day does boil down to "If you can't provide these animals with appropriate conditions, including appropriately numbered social groups, don't house them at all". But I think that would eliminate a pretty sizable chunk of primate populations in US zoos.
I'd be keen on seeing research done on how to mitigate stress caused by smaller-than-appropriate social groups. Does trainer involvement help? Additional enrichment opportunities? Does an animal born and raised in a smaller-than-natural social group fare better or worse than one in a larger group? Etc etc.