Even in captivity, where occupants are relatively more protected than in the wild, mortality is still high. At Whipsnade in the early 1990s, Endi Zhang calculated that the mortality of 28 ear-tagged fawns was as high as 86%, with predation accounting for nearly 60% of losses. Christiane and Robert Mauget alongside Gérard Dubost and colleagues, all working at Branféré Zoological Park in France, have reported fawn survival to be lowest during the first 10 days after birth, with the mortality rate decreasing thereafter. By the end of the third month about 40% of the 155 fawns being monitored were still alive, and this had dropped to just over 31% at a year old. Hence, even in the confines of this zoo some 70% of the fawns had died within a year. In their 2008 paper to Mammalia, Dubost and his team noted particular periods of high mortality within these first 12 months. Forty-eight percent of fawns died during their first month, most within their first week, but after this, mortality occurred particularly between two and four months old, after the weaning period. In the two-acre broadleaf woodland enclosure at West Midlands Safari Park, Robert Lawrence found the mortality rate among fawns to be 40% during the first four weeks.