Whipsnade were free contact later than London; up until around a decade ago.Oh, I thought London Zoo was the last place to practise total Free Contact? It’s what might have led to the death of James “Jim” Robson, since he and the other keeper were literally trying to integrate themselves as part of the herd (and walked about freely in their enclosure).
It’s also possible the fact elephants are Matriarchal by nature causes issues when it’s men attempting to lead them, and really I’m surprised they haven’t tried employing more women to be elephant keepers :/