Australian Asian Elephant Population 2025

[jay]

I would like to see that too.

 

[Zoofan15]

I would like to see that too.

In all honesty, I think a number of the lines we have in the region are already pretty decent:

Putra Mas:


Photo source: @marmolady

Bong Su (check out that right tusk!):


Photo source: @Jabiru96

Pathi Harn (aged seven years - truly Bong Su’s son):


Photo source: Taronga Western Plains Zoo

Ongard (Bong Su’s other surviving son who lives in the US, at 13 years):


Photo source: @Austin the Sengi

Kavi (aged 10 years):


Photo source: @Zoofan15

Regionally, it’s only Gung’s line that is lacking - literally in his eldest son’s case (with Luk Chai developing brittle tusks which were removed). Going off the photos of Sabai from last year, his tusks are also pretty small for his age.

 

[Swanson02]

I agree it’s likely only one of Sydney Zoo’s will breed considering they’re half brothers.

Werribee’s need is definitely greater versus Dubbo, who have a genetically diverse population:

Gung is unrelated to 4/4 cows
Pathi Harn is unrelated to 2/4 cows
Sabai is unrelated to 3/4 cows

It doesn’t seem likely they’ll be breeding with Porntip now (if they were I’d have expected to have seen her conceive around the same time as Anjalee), so a second calf from Anjalee around seven years from now would tie in with Kanlaya producing her first calf at 14 years of age.

I think it's a highly stupid decision not to breed from Thong Dee and at least Porntip again. This is almost like saying in 2017-2018 that Pak Boon didn’t need to breed again because she had Tukta and Jai Dee. Now she’s unrepresented and may never conceive again.

There’s no guarantee Kanlaya will survive to produce her own calf, and I think our zoos are too optimistic when it comes to assuming all calves will reach adulthood. The heartbreaking reality is that we’re likely to lose some along the way. Putting so much pressure on Kanlaya to carry TWPZ’s future herd is a risky strategy.

Likewise, I don’t think interbreeding in elephants is as big an issue as some make it out to be. They’re a low-density species due to their resource needs, so low-level interbreeding naturally occurs in the wild. The Wrangel Island mammoth population of 200 survived in isolation for over 6,000 years, and it’s now suggested that their eventual extinction wasn’t even due to genetic meltdown.

With that in mind, I wouldn’t be too concerned if Pathi Harn bred with one of Mali’s descendants—there’s enough genetic distance to make it a negligible issue. It also seems hypocritical that our zoos continue to allow interbreeding in low-profile species like Blackbuck and Meerkats, yet it suddenly becomes taboo when it comes to high-profile species like great apes and elephants.

 

[Zoofan15]

I think it's a highly stupid decision not to breed from Thong Dee and at least Porntip again. This is almost like saying in 2017-2018 that Pak Boon didn’t need to breed again because she had Tukta and Jai Dee. Now she’s unrepresented and may never conceive again.

There’s no guarantee Kanlaya will survive to produce her own calf, and I think our zoos are too optimistic when it comes to assuming all calves will reach adulthood. The heartbreaking reality is that we’re likely to lose some along the way. Putting so much pressure on Kanlaya to carry TWPZ’s future herd is a risky strategy.

Likewise, I don’t think interbreeding in elephants is as big an issue as some make it out to be. They’re a low-density species due to their resource needs, so low-level interbreeding naturally occurs in the wild. The Wrangel Island mammoth population of 200 survived in isolation for over 6,000 years, and it’s now suggested that their eventual extinction wasn’t even due to genetic meltdown.

With that in mind, I wouldn’t be too concerned if Pathi Harn bred with one of Mali’s descendants—there’s enough genetic distance to make it a negligible issue. It also seems hypocritical that our zoos continue to allow interbreeding in low-profile species like Blackbuck and Meerkats, yet it suddenly becomes taboo when it comes to high-profile species like great apes and elephants.

I fully agree with you regarding breeding from Porntip and Thong Dee again. While I acknowledge it would have complicated what will already be a challenging introduction at Monarto, I remain of the opinion that Thong Dee should have been transferred there as a second breeding cow. She has no strong ties to the Dubbo herd and one day she’ll be left in a herd where the rest of the elephants are from independent family lines (Porntip and Anjalee).

You also make a good point regarding Kanlaya. Werribee have expanded their EEHV testing margin to 1-15 years following the death of Man Jai. It’s a pertinent reminder that at seven years of age, Kanlaya is not even close to what’s considered a safe age; and to state the obvious, she’s also yet to breed. Ceasing to breed from Porntip will offer no back up option should (worst case scenario) Kanlaya die. In addition to transfering out Thong Dee to Dubbo, I would have liked to have seen them breed from Porntip at least once more (alongside Anjalee).

Regarding inbreeding. It’s more common than most people think - chimpanzees and baboons being a good example (their social structure complicates moving individuals between troops). Gorillas are another due to the lack of founders (they’re a polygamous species, so silverbacks who were capable of breeding in the 60’s and 70’s became well represented). All the time there’s a multitude of unrelated pairings we could make in the region, I’m not in favour of inbreeding elephants, but acknowledge it’s an inevitability in time.

 

[Zorro]

I think it's a highly stupid decision not to breed from Thong Dee and at least Porntip again. This is almost like saying in 2017-2018 that Pak Boon didn’t need to breed again because she had Tukta and Jai Dee. Now she’s unrepresented and may never conceive again.

There’s no guarantee Kanlaya will survive to produce her own calf, and I think our zoos are too optimistic when it comes to assuming all calves will reach adulthood. The heartbreaking reality is that we’re likely to lose some along the way. Putting so much pressure on Kanlaya to carry TWPZ’s future herd is a risky strategy.

Likewise, I don’t think interbreeding in elephants is as big an issue as some make it out to be. They’re a low-density species due to their resource needs, so low-level interbreeding naturally occurs in the wild. The Wrangel Island mammoth population of 200 survived in isolation for over 6,000 years, and it’s now suggested that their eventual extinction wasn’t even due to genetic meltdown.

With that in mind, I wouldn’t be too concerned if Pathi Harn bred with one of Mali’s descendants—there’s enough genetic distance to make it a negligible issue. It also seems hypocritical that our zoos continue to allow interbreeding in low-profile species like Blackbuck and Meerkats, yet it suddenly becomes taboo when it comes to high-profile species like great apes and elephants.

I agree with you I can see the Taronga/Dubbo herd falling away a bit at a time due to some poor management decisions

 

[Tam Skylonobi]

I agree it’s likely only one of Sydney Zoo’s will breed considering they’re half brothers.

Werribee’s need is definitely greater versus Dubbo, who have a genetically diverse population:

Gung is unrelated to 4/4 cows
Pathi Harn is unrelated to 2/4 cows
Sabai is unrelated to 3/4 cows

It doesn’t seem likely they’ll be breeding with Porntip now (if they were I’d have expected to have seen her conceive around the same time as Anjalee), so a second calf from Anjalee around seven years from now would tie in with Kanlaya producing her first calf at 14 years of age.

I always thought that Pathi Harn was related to Thong Dee as I've heard many zookeepers say that he and Luk Chai are cousins through which makes Thong Dee the aunt of Pathi Harn and Porntip (Pathi Harn's mother) Luk Chai's aunt.

 

[Zoofan15]

I always thought that Pathi Harn was related to Thong Dee as I've heard many zookeepers say that he and Luk Chai are cousins through which makes Thong Dee the aunt of Pathi Harn and Porntip (Pathi Harn's mother) Luk Chai's aunt.

An understandable mistake as the zoo often refer to the females as aunties as that’s the role they fulfill. The natural social order of the species is a large matriarchal herd structure cosisting of related females, so in the wild, it’s not uncommon for the females (and therefore their calves) to be related.

Our zoos are doing their best to replicate the natural social order, while building up matrilineal lines from the founders. Over at Werribee, Aiyara is the aunt of Roi-Yim, albeit being only nine days older than him!

If ever you’re unsure about who’s related to who, you can refer to the population list I posted on the opening post of this thread (Page 1).

 

[Jambo]

I always thought that Pathi Harn was related to Thong Dee as I've heard many zookeepers say that he and Luk Chai are cousins through which makes Thong Dee the aunt of Pathi Harn and Porntip (Pathi Harn's mother) Luk Chai's aunt.

They're not related; both Thong Dee and Porntip came from different locations in Thailand.

This type of phrasing is commonly used by zookeepers when explaining groups of animals ie. for example, Yuska the gorilla at Melbourne was always called the grandma of the others when in reality she was unrelated to the rest of the troop.

 

[Jambo]

I think it's a highly stupid decision not to breed from Thong Dee and at least Porntip again. This is almost like saying in 2017-2018 that Pak Boon didn’t need to breed again because she had Tukta and Jai Dee. Now she’s unrepresented and may never conceive again.

I thoroughly agree although I think it may be an issue the of space. As I've previously mentioned on here, Dubbo only have nine barn stalls I believe so that would obviously limit them to just nine adult elephants (correct me if I'm wrong).

Dubbo already have seven elephants (and will be eight by the end of the year). So they're pushing capacity. This is mainly the reason why Pak Boon and Tang Mo are going to Monarto instead, there just isn't enough space for them at Dubbo without further exemplifying the issue of space that they're already facing. The newly planned barn couldn't come sooner imo.

In all seriousness the best we can hope for here is Thong Dee is already pregnant. It's now been over nine years since she last gave birth so if she isn't, she's really pushing reproductive limitations. It's really rare you see cows birthing after more than a decade in between calves, so even for Porntip who's approaching seven years since she last birthed is also at the critical stage.

Back in 2020, Melbourne understand the significance on bringing Luk Chai in to breed Dokkoon especially as it had been seven years for her since she last gave birth. His move was timed well in that all cows cycled just weeks after his arrival and therefore were given the best opportunity to conceive without time being against them.

 

[Zoofan15]

I thoroughly agree although I think it may be an issue the of space. As I've previously mentioned on here, Dubbo only have nine barn stalls I believe so that would obviously limit them to just nine adult elephants (correct me if I'm wrong).

Dubbo already have seven elephants (and will be eight by the end of the year). So they're pushing capacity. This is mainly the reason why Pak Boon and Tang Mo are going to Monarto instead, there just isn't enough space for them at Dubbo without further exemplifying the issue of space that they're already facing. The newly planned barn couldn't come sooner imo.

In all seriousness the best we can hope for here is Thong Dee is already pregnant. It's now been over nine years since she last gave birth so if she isn't, she's really pushing reproductive limitations. It's really rare you see cows birthing after more than a decade in between calves, so even for Porntip who's approaching seven years since she last birthed is also at the critical stage.

Back in 2020, Melbourne understand the significance on bringing Luk Chai in to breed Dokkoon especially as it had been seven years for her since she last gave birth. His move was timed well in that all cows cycled just weeks after his arrival and therefore were given the best opportunity to conceive without time being against them.

I’m very excited for the new barn which will surely embrace the concepts of open plan living like the Werribee herd barn will. While the Werribee barn will have the capacity to seperate elephants (via a movable wall), the emphasis is on the elephants cohabiting as a herd.

The concept of stalls is so outdated - imperative to ensuring the safety of cows during introductions to each other; but even that will become reduced in occurrence due to the emphasis on maintaining herds of related females (with female calves retained in their natal herd). In addition, it’s beneficial for all elephants involved to be together for birth events - to share experience (across all facets of the herd).

The new barn could be years away, but time isn’t on the side of Thong Dee and Porntip. I share your hope they are already pregnant as calves can be accommodated with their mother for a long period of time before necessitating expanding facilities.

 

[Tiger91]

I think it's a highly stupid decision not to breed from Thong Dee and at least Porntip again. This is almost like saying in 2017-2018 that Pak Boon didn’t need to breed again because she had Tukta and Jai Dee. Now she’s unrepresented and may never conceive again.

There’s no guarantee Kanlaya will survive to produce her own calf, and I think our zoos are too optimistic when it comes to assuming all calves will reach adulthood. The heartbreaking reality is that we’re likely to lose some along the way. Putting so much pressure on Kanlaya to carry TWPZ’s future herd is a risky strategy.

Likewise, I don’t think interbreeding in elephants is as big an issue as some make it out to be. They’re a low-density species due to their resource needs, so low-level interbreeding naturally occurs in the wild. The Wrangel Island mammoth population of 200 survived in isolation for over 6,000 years, and it’s now suggested that their eventual extinction wasn’t even due to genetic meltdown.

With that in mind, I wouldn’t be too concerned if Pathi Harn bred with one of Mali’s descendants—there’s enough genetic distance to make it a negligible issue. It also seems hypocritical that our zoos continue to allow interbreeding in low-profile species like Blackbuck and Meerkats, yet it suddenly becomes taboo when it comes to high-profile species like great apes and elephants.

Not to mention most african hoof stock, which can now be imported. Genetically viable usually means distantly related at best.
We do worry more about lines on paper here on the forum then the actuality of inbreeding. Common lines from one side don't negate the valuable lines from the other. Especially from the same parents. While Gung and Thong dee have produced luk chai another male offspring could of memory have as low as 25% shared genetics with luk chai. Not all full siblings will inheret the same genes, chances are that full siblings average around 50% the same genes. The sperm or egg of a parent only carries 50% combined of the genetic make up of that animals grand parents. Our genes go through recombination for this purpose.

There is absolutely no reason that thong dee should not be having at least 1 more calf. It seems our elephant population is becoming another example of badly managed breeding like hippos etc.

 

[Zorro]

Not to mention most african hoof stock, which can now be imported. Genetically viable usually means distantly related at best.
We do worry more about lines on paper here on the forum then the actuality of inbreeding. Common lines from one side don't negate the valuable lines from the other. Especially from the same parents. While Gung and Thong dee have produced luk chai another male offspring could of memory have as low as 25% shared genetics with luk chai. Not all full siblings will inheret the same genes, chances are that full siblings average around 50% the same genes. The sperm or egg of a parent only carries 50% combined of the genetic make up of that animals grand parents. Our genes go through recombination for this purpose.

There is absolutely no reason that thong dee should not be having at least 1 more calf. It seems our elephant population is becoming another example of badly managed breeding like hippos etc.

I believe you can add Gorillas to the badly managed species list!

 

[Tiger91]

I thoroughly agree although I think it may be an issue the of space. As I've previously mentioned on here, Dubbo only have nine barn stalls I believe so that would obviously limit them to just nine adult elephants (correct me if I'm wrong).

Dubbo already have seven elephants (and will be eight by the end of the year). So they're pushing capacity. This is mainly the reason why Pak Boon and Tang Mo are going to Monarto instead, there just isn't enough space for them at Dubbo without further exemplifying the issue of space that they're already facing. The newly planned barn couldn't come sooner imo.

In all seriousness the best we can hope for here is Thong Dee is already pregnant. It's now been over nine years since she last gave birth so if she isn't, she's really pushing reproductive limitations. It's really rare you see cows birthing after more than a decade in between calves, so even for Porntip who's approaching seven years since she last birthed is also at the critical stage.

Back in 2020, Melbourne understand the significance on bringing Luk Chai in to breed Dokkoon especially as it had been seven years for her since she last gave birth. His move was timed well in that all cows cycled just weeks after his arrival and therefore were given the best opportunity to conceive without time being against them.

In saying that, why waste an elephant enclosure at Taronga for a rhino, when you could offload two bulls from western plains over to Taronga in the girls place. The new Barn is a good move, but it is such a stupid decision to make one that can accommodate the matriarchal herd inside for periods of time, there is no reason for it. Monarto's climate is colder, so is werribees. My guess is they are trying to add a Cafe or experiance attached to it. Which wastes money and space instead of accomodation a larger herd.

Taronga are using, the old bull yards for non animal puposes, there is no excuse they dont have the space to expand the enclosure to accomodate two bulls.

 

[Zoofan15]

In saying that, why waste an elephant enclosure at Taronga for a rhino, when you could offload two bulls from western plains over to Taronga in the girls place. The new Barn is a good move, but it is such a stupid decision to make one that can accommodate the matriarchal herd inside for periods of time, there is no reason for it. Monarto's climate is colder, so is werribees. My guess is they are trying to add a Cafe or experiance attached to it. Which wastes money and space instead of accomodation a larger herd.

Taronga are using, the old bull yards for non animal puposes, there is no excuse they dont have the space to expand the enclosure to accomodate two bulls.

I could be mistaken, but I don’t believe the cow paddock at Taronga is equipped to hold bulls as per modern containment standards (unlike Gung’s paddock, which was purpose built in 2008).

That’s not to say it couldn’t be done (fencing could be upgraded etc), but having all the bulls on site at Dubbo allows for breeding opportunities (Anjalee reportedly had the opportunity to breed with both Gung and Pathi Harn); as well as following the natural social order where young bulls are mentored by older bulls.

It has also become a prominent animal rights issue, with the Dubbo site reportedly receiving a fraction of the complaints Taronga received regarding housing of elephants in a city environment.

 

[Jambo]

In saying that, why waste an elephant enclosure at Taronga for a rhino, when you could offload two bulls from western plains over to Taronga in the girls place. The new Barn is a good move, but it is such a stupid decision to make one that can accommodate the matriarchal herd inside for periods of time, there is no reason for it. Monarto's climate is colder, so is werribees. My guess is they are trying to add a Cafe or experiance attached to it. Which wastes money and space instead of accomodation a larger herd.

Taronga are using, the old bull yards for non animal puposes, there is no excuse they dont have the space to expand the enclosure to accomodate two bulls.

I could be mistaken, but I don’t believe the cow paddock at Taronga is equipped to hold bulls as per modern containment standards (unlike Gung’s paddock, which was purpose built in 2008).

That’s not to say it couldn’t be done (fencing could be upgraded etc), but having all the bulls on site at Dubbo allows for breeding opportunities (Anjalee reportedly had the opportunity to breed with both Gung and Pathi Harn); as well as following the natural social order where young bulls are mentored by older bulls.

It has also become a prominent animal rights issue, with the Dubbo site reportedly receiving a fraction of the complaints Taronga received regarding housing of elephants in a city environment.

Not to mention the incident that took place with Pathi Harn back in 2012 had (and still has) a profound effect on how Taronga (and the rest of the regions zoos) manage their elephants. Protected contact was implemented not long after for both Taronga and Melbourne.

More specifically, Taronga deemed their facilities and the zoo in general to be inadequate for bull elephants. This was mostly the reason why Taronga ended up sending their two bull calves (and their mothers) across to Dubbo in 2015, and Gung a few years later. Taking that into consideration, you can see why it's highly unlikely we'll ever see elephants (bulls especially) at Taronga again.

 

[Zoofan15]

Melbourne Zoo - Complete History

Melbourne Zoo’s first elephant Ranee arrived in 1883:

0.1 Ranee (00/00/1881)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 00/03/1883
Died at Melbourne Zoo 15/12/1903
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

Miss Siam lived at Melbourne Zoo briefly prior to her transfer to Adelaide Zoo:

0.1 Miss Siam (00/00/1881)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 00/00/1883
Sent to Adelaide Zoo 00/01/1884
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

Queenie arrived in 1902, living at Melbourne Zoo for 43 years:

0.1 Queenie (00/00/1900)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 03/03/1902
Died at Melbourne Zoo 22/06/1945
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

A female named Ranee arrived date unknown (presumably after the death of the previous Ranee in 1903; and may have been at Melbourne Zoo for as little as a month). She was subsequently sent to Eronis Circus:

0.1 Ranee (00/00/0000)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 00/00/0000 (presumably 1905)
Sent to Eronis Circus 00/11/1905
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

According to the Elephant Database, an African elephant arrived 1914 (no further details known; but presumably died shortly after or was sent to a circus).

Two young females arrived in 1939, both who remained at Melbourne until their deaths at the age of 42 and 57 years respectively:

0.1 Betty (00/00/1931)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 00/00/1939
Died at Melbourne Zoo 25/09/1973
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

0.1 Peggy (00/00/1931)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 00/00/1939
Died at Melbourne Zoo 30/10/1988
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

Two females arrived in 1952 and 1953, each remaining at Melbourne Zoo for around a month until their transfer to Wirth Circus:

0.1 Alice (00/00/1891)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 00/11/1952
Sent to Wirth Circus 00/12/1952
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

0.1 Unknown (00/00/0000)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 00/02/1953
Sent to Wirth Circus 00/04/1953
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

Bong Su and Mek Kepah arrived in 1977 and 1978, joining Peggy:

1.0 Bong Su (00/00/1974)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 01/02/1977
Died at Melbourne Zoo 09/10/2017
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

0.1 Mek Kepah (00/00/1973)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 11/05/1978
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 10/02/2025
Sire: Wild; Dam: Wild

Three females were imported from Thailand in 2006:

0.1 Dokkoon (00/00/1993)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 06/11/2006
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 10/02/2025
Sire: Chow; Dam: Aom Moon

0.1 Kulab (00/00/2000)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 06/11/2006
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 08/02/2025
Sire: Kaew; Dam: Thong Dee

0.1 Num-Oi (00/00/2001)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 06/11/2006
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 08/02/2025
Sire: Num Sek; Dam: Lampoon

Five calves were born between 2010 and 2016:

0.1 Mali (16/01/2010)
Born at Melbourne Zoo 16/01/2010
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 10/02/2025
Sire: Bong Su; Dam: Dokkoon

1.0 Ongard (10/09/2010)
Born at Melbourne Zoo 10/09/2010
Exported to Zoo Miami 09/05/2018
Sire: Bong Su; Dam: Kulab

1.0 Sanook (17/01/2013)
Born at Melbourne Zoo 17/01/2013
Died at Melbourne Zoo 03/12/2013
Sire: Bong Su; Dam: Num-Oi

1.0 Man Jai (08/12/2013)
Born at Melbourne Zoo 08/12/2013
Died at Melbourne Zoo 24/08/2023
Sire: Bong Su; Dam: Dokkoon

0.1 Willow (15/06/2016)
Born at Melbourne Zoo 15/06/2016
Died at Melbourne Zoo 02/08/2016
Sire: Bong Su; Dam: Num-Oi

After the death of breeding bull, Bong Su; Luk Chai arrived from Taronga Western Plains Zoo:

1.0 Luk Chai (04/07/2009)
Arrived at Melbourne Zoo 03/12/2020
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 06/02/2025
Sire: Gung; Dam: Thong Dee

Three calves were born between 2022 and 2023:

0.1 Aiyara (16/11/2022)
Born at Melbourne Zoo 16/11/2022
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 10/02/2025
Sire: Luk Chai; Dam: Dokkoon

1.0 Roi-Yim (25/11/2022)
Born at Melbourne Zoo 25/11/2022
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 10/02/2025
Sire: Luk Chai; Dam: Mali

0.1 Kati (01/01/2023)
Born at Melbourne Zoo 01/01/2023
Sent to Werribee Open Range Zoo 08/02/2025
Sire: Luk Chai; Dam: Num-Oi

In February 2025, Melbourne Zoo’s nine remaining elephants transferred to Werribee Open Range Zoo. Melbourne Zoo subsequently no longer holds elephants.

 

[steveroberts]

Lol Monarto right now with Burma & Permai - in terms of visitors side of things, happily those two sweethearts are being looked after amazingly:

*although to be fair its between $25 and $45 per person for general entry

 

[Jambo]

Thought I'd share these elephant profiles for Werribee's new elephants that seem to have recently been posted apart of their website.

Really interesting to learn more about each elephant individually, and how to distinguish them too.

I do also note they get Luk Chai's dam wrong (being Thong Dee not Porntip).

Meet The Herd

 

[Zoofan15]

Thought I'd share these elephant profiles for Werribee's new elephants that seem to have recently been posted apart of their website.

Really interesting to learn more about each elephant individually, and how to distinguish them too.

I do also note they get Luk Chai's dam wrong (being Thong Dee not Porntip).

Meet The Herd

Of particular interest are the elephants weights, which will be an interesting record of comparison for the future:

1.0 Luk Chai (2009) - 4280kg
0.1 Mek Kepah (1973) - 3390kg
0.1 Dokkoon (1993) - 2870kg
0.1 Kulab (2000) - 3840kg
0.1 Num-Oi (2001) - 3310kg
0.1 Mali (2010) - 2350kg
0.1 Aiyara (2022) - 890kg
1.0 Roi-Yim (2022) - 890kg
0.1 Kati (2023) - 890kg

 

[The Sleepy Hippo]

I need reminding - is Kulab a non-breeder?