Analysis of 2006 Phase Out Predictions (Primates)
Thanks to
@Abbey for her assistance in reviewing this:
Exotic extinction looms in zoos
The articles states:
The alarming change it shows includes the loss of 30 out of the 46 different primates - monkeys and their relatives.
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In 2006:
The 46 species of primates held in the region in 2006 were as follows:
Sunda Slow Loris (
Nycticebus coucang)
Ring-tailed Lemur (
Lemur catta)
Black And White Ruffed Lemur (
Varecia variegata)
Golden Lion Tamarin (
Leontopithecus rosalia)
Emperor Tamarin (
Saguinus imperator)
Cottontop Tamarin (
Saguinus oedipus)
Common Marmoset (
Callithrix jacchus)
Pigmy Marmoset (
Cebuella pygmaea)
Bolivian Squirrel Monkey (
Saimiri boliviensis)
Black-capped Capuchin (
Sapajus (Cebus) apella)
Colombian White-fronted Capuchin (
Cebus versicolor)
Geoffroy's (Black-handed) Spider Monkey (
Ateles geoffroyi)
Black And White Colobus (
Colobus guereza)
Vervet (
Chlorocebus sp.)
Mandrill (
Mandrillus sphinx)
Hamadryas Baboon (
Papio hamadryas)
Japanese Macaque (
Macaca fuscata)
Crab-eating Macaque (
Macaca fascicularis)
Rhesus Macaque (
Macaca mulatta)
Sulawesi Black Macaque (
Macaca nigra)
Dusky Langur (
Trachypithecus obscurus)
Francois' Langur (
Trachypithecus francoisi)
Siamang (
Symphalangus syndactylus)
White-cheeked Gibbon (
Nomascus leucogenys)
White-handed (Lar) Gibbon (
Hylobates lar)
Silvery (Javan) Gibbon (
Hylobates moloch)
Bornean Orangutan (
Pongo pygmaeus)
Sumatran Orangutan (
Pongo abelii)
Hybrid Orangutan (
Pongo pygmaeus X Pongo abelii)
Common Chimpanzee (
Pan troglodytes)
Western Lowland Gorilla (
Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Variegated (Brown) Spider Monkey (
Ateles hybridus)
Hybrid Spider Monkey (
Ateles)
Bengal Slow Loris (
Nycticebus bengalensis)
White-fronted Lemur (
Eulemur albifrons)
Black (Golden-rumped) Lion Tamarin (
Leontopithecus chrysopygus)
Common Squirrel Monkey (
Saimiri sciureus)
Ebony (Javan) Langur (
Trachypithecus auratus)
De Brazza's Monkey (
Cercopithecus neglectus)
Lion-tailed Macaque (
Macaca silenus)
Bonnet Macaque (
Macaca radiata)
Tonkean Macaque (
Macaca tonkeana)
Muller's (Bornean) Gibbon (
Hylobates muelleri)
White-bellied Spider Monkey (
Ateles belzebuth)
Southern Pig-tailed Macaque (
Macaca nemestrina)
Chacma Baboon (
Papio ursinus)
16 species were identified to be continued with in 2006:
After much discussion,
@Abbey and myself agreed these were the 16 most likely candidates:
Ring-tailed Lemur (
Lemur catta)
Black And White Ruffed Lemur (
Varecia variegata)
Emperor Tamarin (
Saguinus imperator)
Cottontop Tamarin (
Saguinus oedipus)
Pigmy Marmoset (
Cebuella pygmaea)
Black-capped Capuchin (
Sapajus (Cebus) apella)
Geoffroy's (Black-handed) Spider Monkey (
Ateles geoffroyi)
Black And White Colobus (
Colobus guereza)
Mandrill (
Mandrillus sphinx)
Hamadryas Baboon (
Papio hamadryas)
Francois' Langur (
Trachypithecus francoisi)
Siamang (
Symphalangus syndactylus)
White-cheeked Gibbon (
Nomascus leucogenys)
Sumatran Orangutan (
Pongo abelii)
Common Chimpanzee (
Pan troglodytes)
Western Lowland Gorilla (
Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
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In 2009:
We then came across this interesting thread:
Management of Primates Within ARAZPA
In 2009, the plan was to continue with 21 species:
Ring-tailed Lemur (
Lemur catta)
Black And White Ruffed Lemur (
Varecia variegata)
Emperor Tamarin (
Saguinus imperator)
Cottontop Tamarin (
Saguinus oedipus)
Pigmy Marmoset (
Cebuella pygmaea)
Black-capped Capuchin (
Sapajus (Cebus) apella)
Geoffroy's (Black-handed) Spider Monkey (
Ateles geoffroyi)
Black And White Colobus (
Colobus guereza)
Mandrill (
Mandrillus sphinx)
Hamadryas Baboon (
Papio hamadryas)
Francois' Langur (
Trachypithecus francoisi)
Siamang (
Symphalangus syndactylus)
White-cheeked Gibbon (
Nomascus leucogenys)
Sumatran Orangutan (
Pongo abelii)
Common Chimpanzee (
Pan troglodytes)
Western Lowland Gorilla (
Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Golden Lion Tamarin (
Leontopithecus rosalia)
Silvery (Javan) Gibbon (
Hylobates moloch)
Vervet (
Chlorocebus sp.)
Bolivian Squirrel Monkey (
Saimiri boliviensis)
Common Marmoset (
Callithrix jacchus)
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In 2023:
We currently have 33 primate species in the region:
Sunda Slow Loris (
Nycticebus coucang)
Ring-tailed Lemur (
Lemur catta)
Black And White Ruffed Lemur
Golden Lion Tamarin (
Leontopithecus rosalia)
Emperor Tamarin (
Saguinus imperator)
Cottontop Tamarin (
Saguinus oedipus)
Common Marmoset (
Callithrix jacchus)
Pigmy Marmoset (
Cebuella pygmaea)
Bolivian Squirrel Monkey (
Saimiri boliviensis)
Black-capped Capuchin (
Sapajus (Cebus) apella)
Colombian White-fronted Capuchin (
Cebus versicolor)
Geoffroy's (Black-handed) Spider Monkey (
Ateles geoffroyi)
Black And White Colobus (
Colobus guereza)
Vervet (
Chlorocebus sp.)
Mandrill (
Mandrillus sphinx)
Hamadryas Baboon (
Papio hamadryas)
Japanese Macaque (
Macaca fuscata)
Crab-eating Macaque (
Macaca fascicularis)
Rhesus Macaque (
Macaca mulatta)
Sulawesi Black Macaque (
Macaca nigra)
Dusky Langur (
Trachypithecus obscurus)
Francois' Langur (
Trachypithecus francoisi)
Siamang (
Symphalangus syndactylus)
White-cheeked Gibbon (
Nomascus leucogenys)
White-handed (Lar) Gibbon (
Hylobates lar)
Silvery (Javan) Gibbon (
Hylobates moloch)
Bornean Orangutan (
Pongo pygmaeus)
Sumatran Orangutan (
Pongo abelii)
Hybrid Orangutan (
Pongo pygmaeus X Pongo abelii)
Common Chimpanzee (
Pan troglodytes)
Western Lowland Gorilla (
Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Variegated (Brown) Spider Monkey (
Ateles hybridus)
Hybrid Spider Monkey (
Ateles)
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Lost Species:
The following primates have been lost since 2006:
Bengal Slow Loris (
Nycticebus bengalensis)
White-fronted Lemur (
Eulemur albifrons)
Black (Golden-rumped) Lion Tamarin (
Leontopithecus chrysopygus)
Common Squirrel Monkey (
Saimiri sciureus)
Ebony (Javan) Langur (
Trachypithecus auratus)
De Brazza's Monkey (
Cercopithecus neglectus)
Lion-tailed Macaque (
Macaca silenus)
Bonnet Macaque (
Macaca radiata)
Tonkean Macaque (
Macaca tonkeana)
Muller's (Bornean) Gibbon (
Hylobates muelleri)
White-bellied Spider Monkey (
Ateles belzebuth)
Southern Pig-tailed Macaque (
Macaca nemestrina)
Chacma Baboon (
Papio ursinus)
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Discussion:
As with the carnivores, the number of primate species have decreased (from 46 to 33); however considering the plan in 2006 was to phase out all but 16, we have double what we anticipated.
The most monumental change has been the decision to reverse the phase out of Bornean orangutans. Around 2004/2005, Auckland Zoo made the decision to switch to Sumatran orangutans. As noted in the 2009 report, this was to be a long term phase out with six of the zoo’s colony exported between 2009-2015; and no plans to acquire Sumatran orangutans until the opening of the new exhibit in 2020. During this timeframe, Bornean orangutans were upgraded to critically endangered and Auckland Zoo plan to continue with them long term.
Some of the phase outs (or intended phase outs) were/are predictable and included species where only one or two elderly individuals remained (Muellers gibbon); are hybrids (orangutans and spider monkeys); or species that aren’t endangered (macaques).