Where do the Deer & Antelope Play?: A Look at America's Ungulate Populations

[Great Argus]

Any chance you could update the list with scientific names? Even for the subspecies?? And idk how easy it'd be but if you could include a pic too that'd be cool!

Pictures will not happen, that is not the purpose of this thread and would make it rather difficult to navigate. There are other threads for that.
If you want subspecies photos, then you might find this thread interesting. Ungulate taxonomy revisited: the evidence for the splits of G&G

As for scientific names that's up to thread creator, obviously. Some of us don't use them in the threads and some do. These threads are a massive amount of work, and TinoPup went to quite a length on this one. This is by far the most researched and most complete of the group population threads, with innumerable hours put into it. Immediately just asking for updates and changes isn't going to win you any favors.

 

[15399]

Pictures will not happen, that is not the purpose of this thread and would make it rather difficult to navigate. There are other threads for that.
If you want subspecies photos, then you might find this thread interesting. Ungulate taxonomy revisited: the evidence for the splits of G&G

As for scientific names that's up to thread creator, obviously. Some of us don't use them in the threads and some do. These threads are a massive amount of work, and TinoPup went to quite a length on this one. This is by far the most researched and most complete of the group population threads, with innumerable hours put into it. Immediately just asking for updates and changes isn't going to win you any favors.

Scientific names also aren't as much a necessity with something like ungulates, as most mammals (and birds for that matter) have common names that are easily understood and usually apply to a singular species. It'd be different if this thread was on reptiles, as there's where you often times have common names that are essentially worthless with so many species either not having a common name, or having a common name that's shared with multiple other species.

 

[TinoPup]

Any chance you could update the list with scientific names? Even for the subspecies?? And idk how easy it'd be but if you could include a pic too that'd be cool!

Please read the entire thread. We stopped using subspecies, for the most part, because they're too difficult to track.
Even easy things take a while to do when it's this many animals, vs you spending a few seconds looking up whatever specific species you're interested in. Binomial names don't fit nicely into my spreadsheet, The update to this thread took me roughly 750 hours of finding facilities and then confirming holders. What you think is simple, is even more work for me.

If you're looking for a subspecies photo, go to the media album for whatever facility holds it.

 

[Smaggledagle]

Stuff that hasn't been mentioned here:

Monterey Zoo in California holds southern white rhino.

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Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary in California holds mule deer.

https://www.facebook.com/reel/748531819601857/?s=single_unit

Carson Springs Wildlife Conservation Foundation no longer holds Indian rhino.

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Alabama Safari Park in Alabama holds springbok and Thomson's gazelle.

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[Dhole dude]

Sustainable Safari in Maplewood, Minnesota has Lowland Nyala, Thompson's Gazelle, and Reeve's Muntjac

 

[Veno]

Is the Siberian tundra reindeer at the Cougar Mountain Zoo a purebred individual?

 

[elefante]

Wild Cattle​

American Bison (pure) (5 holders)
Bronx Zoo
Minnesota Zoo
Oakland Zoo
Oklahoma City Zoo
Sedgwick County Zoo

American Bison (impure) (25 holders)
Action Wildlife
Animal Haven Zoo
Bronx Zoo
Brookfield Zoo
Columbus Zoo & Aquarium
Como Park Zoo
Detroit Zoo
Doc’s Zoo
Glacier Ridge Animal Farm
Henry Vilas Zoo
Living Treasures Wild Animal Park (Jones Mills)
Lincoln Park Zoo (Manitowoc)
Natural Bridge Wildlife Ranch
MacKenzie Center
Metro Richmond Zoo
NEW Zoo & Adventure Park
North Carolina Zoo
Queens Zoo
Roger Williams Park Zoo
Rosamond Gifford Zoo
Shalom Wildlife Sanctuary
Space Farms Zoo & Museums
Wildlife Safari
Wildlife World Zoo
Wildwood Zoo

Wood Bison (2 holders)
USA-
Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center

Canada-
Toronto Zoo

Lowland Anoa (8 holders)
Fort Worth Zoo
Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical Garden
Micanopy Zoological Preserve
Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium
Rum Creek Ranch
San Diego Zoo Safari Park
Timbavati Wildlife Park
Zoo Tampa

Javan Banteng (6 holders)
Lee Richardson Zoo
Rum Creek Ranch
San Diego Zoo Safari Park
St. Louis Zoo
The Wilds
Zoo Miami

Gaur (7 holders)
Bayou Wildlife Park
Bronx Zoo
Gladys Porter Zoo
Lee G. Simmons Wildlife Safari Park
Living Treasures Wild Animal Park (Moraine)
San Diego Zoo Safari Park
Zoo Miami

Cape Buffalo (4 holders)
Denver Zoo
Safari West
Safari Wilderness
San Diego Zoo Safari Park

African Forest Buffalo (1 holder?)
Micanopy Zoological Preserve?

~Thylo

I didn't know that many places had gaur (I know this thread is from 2020). Are they still scheduled for phase-out?

 

[Sarus Crane]

How many and which zoo's currently keep Beisa, Fringe Eared, & Gemsbok Oryx other than Wildlife World (Beisa), North Carolina (Fringe Eared), and Lake Tobias (Gemsbok) [closed till April]? ?? I'm thinking of maybe stopping at a place that houses them on the east coast if I travel for spring break.

 

[TinoPup]

How many and which zoo's currently keep Beisa, Fringe Eared, & Gemsbok Oryx other than Wildlife World (Beisa), North Carolina (Fringe Eared), and Lake Tobias (Gemsbok) [closed till April]? ?? I'm thinking of maybe stopping at a place that houses them on the east coast if I travel for spring break.

These are all in the thread...

Oryx, Beisa
Aikman Wildlife Adventure, IL??
Aloha Safari Zoo, NC
Creation Kingdom Zoo, VA??
Micanopy Zoological Preserve*, FL
Natural Bridge Zoo, VA
Six Flags Great Adventure, NJ
Wildlife World Zoo, AZ
Wildwood Wildlife Park & Safari, WI
Zootastic Park, NC

First three are no longer holders.

Gemsbok

Spoiler

African Safari Wildlife Park, OH
Brights Zoo, TN
Buffalo Zoo, NY
Exotic Resort Zoo, TX
Fossil Rim Wildlife Center, TX
Grapeland Safari, TX??
Lake Tobias Wildlife Park, PA
Laredo Safari and Adventure Park, TX?? (opened Dec 2021)
Lion Country Safari, FL??
Metro Richmond Zoo, VA
Micanopy Zoological Preserve*, FL
Natural Bridge Wildlife Ranch, TX
Safari West, CA
San Diego Safari Park, CA
Tennessee Safari Park, TN
Texas Safari Ranch, TX
Topsey Exotic Ranch, TX??
West Texas Wildlife Preserve*, TX
Wild Adventures, GA
Wild Florida, FL
Wildlife Partners*, TX
Zootastic Park, NC

I forgot to copy Oryx, Fringe-eared over from the spreadsheet! Oops!
Oryx, Fringe-eared
Iron Mountain Ranch, TX*
North Carolina Zoo, NC
San Diego Safari Park, CA
The Wilds, OH
Virginia Safari Park, VA

 

[ThylacineAlive]

I didn't know that many places had gaur (I know this thread is from 2020). Are they still scheduled for phase-out?

The non-AZA holders are a little questionable tbh, the VAST majority of Gaur outside of the AZA are actually Gayal or hybrids with cattle.

SDZSP no longer holds Gaur and Miami only has one left. Lee Simmons (Omaha) only keeps bulls for some reason, likely all older animals. Gladys Porter has three or four animals, but they do have a calf born within the past year or so. Bronx currently has 38 animals and has been seeing multiple births a year for several years now. Bronx's population now exceeds that of all of Europe, who has also chosen to phase-out the species despite more holders and a recent import of a few additional breeding animals.

Unfortunately, the AZA still plans to phase-out this species due to a lack of holding interest. No wild cattle program other than bison are popular with modern zoo management so it's really no surprise they've chosen the more endangered, more populous, and more easily contained Banteng. Despite this, the Bronx clearly has no intentions to go out of Gaur any time soon.

~Thylo

 

[wild boar]

First three are no longer holders.

Which animal are you referring to?

 

[ThylacineAlive]

Which animal are you referring to?

Beisa Oryx.. As is the list quoted in her post.

~Thylo

 

[junglejim]

The non-AZA holders are a little questionable tbh, the VAST majority of Gaur outside of the AZA are actually Gayal or hybrids with cattle.

SDZSP no longer holds Gaur and Miami only has one left. Lee Simmons (Omaha) only keeps bulls for some reason, likely all older animals. Gladys Porter has three or four animals, but they do have a calf born within the past year or so. Bronx currently has 38 animals and has been seeing multiple births a year for several years now. Bronx's population now exceeds that of all of Europe, who has also chosen to phase-out the species despite more holders and a recent import of a few additional breeding animals.

Unfortunately, the AZA still plans to phase-out this species due to a lack of holding interest. No wild cattle program other than bison are popular with modern zoo management so it's really no surprise they've chosen the more endangered, more populous, and more easily contained Banteng. Despite this, the Bronx clearly has no intentions to go out of Gaur any time soon.

~Thylo

So much for for concern we should compassionately for all species. Really weak response to zoos embracing all species that truly represent a diversity. Welcome to new zoo catering solely to human species. It's where they learn how to pick your pocket to champion "conservation." So it's a new olde cow species the " cash cow." By the way great job bronx zoo housing zoo housing Gaur. Not just 1, 2, 5, but a really good size of them!

 

[wild boar]

Beisa Oryx.. As is the list quoted in her post.

I wasn't sure if she was referring to the quote above her words or below it, because there was no specification.

 

[Kudu21]

Re-the fringe-eared oryx, I’ve discussed this with @TinoPup privately since, but it is important to note that I can find no evidence that Virginia Safari still has fringe-eared oryx nor that they ever actually had them. Prior to the new upper management coming in, Zoofari Parks were notorious for listing their animals as the wrong subspecies. If they did, indeed, have East African oryx at some point, I think it would be safe to assume they were Beisa instead, as those are far more common in the private sector. Fringe-eared are almost exclusively kept in the AZA or close partners.

 

[ThylacineAlive]

Re-the fringe-eared oryx, I’ve discussed this with @TinoPup privately since, but it is important to note that I can find no evidence that Virginia Safari still has fringe-eared oryx nor that they ever actually had them. Prior to the new upper management coming in, Zoofari Parks were notorious for listing their animals as the wrong subspecies. If they did, indeed, have East African oryx at some point, I think it would be safe to assume they were Beisa instead, as those are far more common in the private sector. Fringe-eared are almost exclusively kept in the AZA or close partners.

I have always suspected this as well. On ZIMS I believe they did list both subspecies of East African Oryx but most individuals were listed as Fringe-Eared.

~Thylo

 

[TinoPup]

Re-the fringe-eared oryx, I’ve discussed this with @TinoPup privately since, but it is important to note that I can find no evidence that Virginia Safari still has fringe-eared oryx nor that they ever actually had them. Prior to the new upper management coming in, Zoofari Parks were notorious for listing their animals as the wrong subspecies. If they did, indeed, have East African oryx at some point, I think it would be safe to assume they were Beisa instead, as those are far more common in the private sector. Fringe-eared are almost exclusively kept in the AZA or close partners.

Thank you for mentioning that, I forgot to change my notation in my document! I'd guess beisa as well, since there's a big herd of them down the road at Natural Bridge.

 

[TinoPup]

I wasn't sure if she was referring to the quote above her words or below it, because there was no specification.

New text goes under quotes. Like I'm doing right now.

 

[wild boar]

No Cuvier’s for Living Desert, the last pair were sent to Larry Johnson last spring.

Does Larry Johnson house any Cuvier's gazelles besides these two? Based on some photographs uploaded to ZooChat, I know he had at least two in 2013 but those animals could have passed.

 

[elefante]

In the spirit of all the other threads looking to catalog animal populations in US zoos, I figured I'd start one for ungulates as they are of particular interest to me. I know there are already some threads existing looking at Antelope and Gazelles in North American Zoos and Duikers & Dwarf Antelopes in North America, but I wanted to look at ungulates as a whole. While perusing the Ungulate TAGs 2019 midyear meeting updates (again, since COVID-19 stopped a 2020 version from coming out) I noticed that I could look back to the distant past of 2014 and see population statistics from there as well.

This spawned another interesting idea for me: creating a comparison of AZA ungulate populations from over the last 5-6 years. Which populations grew? Which plummeted? Which are viable for long-term management? Let's find out!

Below is a list of all ungulate species which were either an SSP or candidate program in either 2014 or 2019 with corresponding population figures for each year where attainable. Enjoy:

Common Eland
2014: 73.134.6 in 25 institutions
2019: 66.116.3 in 23 institutions

Eastern Bongo
2014: 49.85 in 38 institutions
2019: 58.104 in 38 institutions

Eastern Giant Eland
2014: 18.20 in 5 institutions
2019: 29.41 in 3 institutions

Southern Gerenuk
2014: 30.57 in 20 institutions
2019: 23.32 in 11 institutions

Greater Kudu
2014: 88.166.5 in 39 institutions
2019: 80.179.3 in 36 institutions

Lowland Nyala
2014: 58.91 in 20 institutions
2019: 56.128 in 21 institutions

Impala
2014: Not Listed
2019: 0.0.207 in 16 institutions

Roan Antelope
2014: 48.55.6 in 10 institutions
2019: 115.107.1 in 10 institutions

Sable Antelope
2014: 31.82.1 in 11 institutions
2019: 38.90.1 in 14 institutions

Sitatunga
2014: 19.34 in 10 institutions
2019: 34.58 in 10 institutions

Lesser Kudu
2014: 58.54 in 19 institutions
2018: 60.66.2 in 19 institutions
There was an error in the 2019 listing, which gave the same exact number of animals as in 2014

Springbok
2014: 31.31 in 8 institutions
2019: 31.53 in 11 institutions

Black Duiker
2014: 9.7 in 17 institutions
2019: 11.6 in 5 institutions
I have no idea how 16 animals were somehow split between 17 zoos in 2014, I suspect that was supposed to read '7 institutions'.

Blue Duiker
2014: 22.28.1 in 16 institutions
2019: 23.16 in 11 institutions

Smith's (Gunther's) Dik-Dik
2014: 9.4 in 7 institutions
2019: 0.0 in 0 institutions

Cavendish's (Kirk's) Dik-Dik
2014: 23.26.1 in 18 institutions
2019: 18.11 in 17 institutions

Klipspringer
2014: 26.28 in 19 institutions
2019: 21.20.1 in 10+ institutions (10 AZA, unlisted number of non-AZA)

Red-Flanked Duiker
2014: 21.12 in 12 institutions
2019: 12.19 in 12 institutions

Steenbok
2014: 22.16 in 7 institutions
2019: 11.16.2 in 6 institutions

Yellow-Backed Duiker
2014: 48.42.1 in 31 institutions
2019: 46.47 in 35 institutions

Ellipsen Waterbuck
2014: 103.151.9 in 20 institutions
2019: 71.89.10 in 14 institutions

Nile Lechwe
2014: 55.114.46 in 10 institutions
2019: 97.113.22 in 10 institutions

Red Lechwe
2014: ?.? (studbook in progress)
2019: 8.23 in 2 institutions

Ugandan Kob
2014: 24.29.2 in 5 institutions
2019: Not Listed; Phase-Out

Bontebok
2014: 27.41.7 in 16 institutions
2019: 30.38.12 in 19 institutions

Jackson's Hartebeest
2014: 13.7 in 5 institutions
2019: 1.0.?
This one is a little confusing. We all know of the single male still held at Lion County Safari in Florida, however the AZA studbook for this species has always included animals kept in the private trade (such as at Micanopy, also in Florida). The 2019 stats list 13.7 animals between 5 collections just as the 2014 stats do, however the 2018 update notes only 3.4 animals between 2 institutions while the 2017 update notes only 2.3 animals between 3 institutions. The 2017 report also makes a note that it is suspected that none of the females left in the population are fertile.

Common Wildebeest
2014: 53.98.44 in 19 institutions
2019: 71.117.26 in 23 institutions

Addax
2014: 71.125 in 18 institutions
2019: 87.164 in 22 institutions

Addra Gazelle
2014: 55.80 in 20 institutions
2019: 78.99 in 22 institutions

Arabian Oryx
2014: 40.47 in 7 institutions
2019: 19.60 in 7 institutions

Cuvier's Gazelle
2014: 14.20 in 3 institutions
2019: 10.26 in 3+ instituions (2 AZA, unlisted number of non-AZA)
Only 2.2 are left in the AZA, split between San Diego Zoo and Living Desert Zoo, all others are kept in private collections.

Fringe-Eared Oryx
2014: 10.25 in 4 institutions
2019: 11.32 in 4 institutions

Gemsbok
2014: 34.44.5 in 11 institutions
2019: 38.68 in 8 institutions

Grant's Gazelle
2014: 18.39 in 11 institutions
2019: 18.39 in 12 institutions

Peninsular Pronghorn
2014: 12.10 in 5 institutions
2019: 25.26 in 7 institutions

Red-Fronted Gazelle
2014: 12.20 in 1 institution
2019: 17.34 in 2 institutions

Scimitar-Horned Oryx
2014: 71.115. 1 in 20 institutions
2019: 83.159 in 18 institutions

Soemmerring's Gazelle
2014: 20.24 in 8 institutions
2019: 12.26 in 6 institutions

Speke's Gazelle
2014: 28.43 in 10 institutions
2019: 24.37 in 8 institutions

Slender-Horned Gazelle
2014: 21.36 in 6 institutions
2019: 45.54 in 11 institutions

Thomson's Gazlle
2014: 53.111.2 in 16 institutions
2019: 69.133 in 17 institutions

Masai Giraffe
2014: 44.58 in 27 institutions
2019: 52.75.1 in 35 institutions

Generic Giraffa
2014: 147.251.24 in 84 institutions
2019: 189.265 in 86 institutions

Okapi
2014: 54.53 in 28 institutions (worldwide)
2019: 0.0.111 in 36 institutions (worldwide)
International program, the TAG did not list how many animals are specifically in the US population.

Lowland Anoa
2014: 8.7.70 in 11 institutions
2019: 78.99.4 in 11 institutions

Javan Banteng
2014: Not Listed
2019: 13.28 in 7 institutions

Cape Buffalo
2014: Not Listed
2019: 33.47 in 6 institutions

Central Chinese Goral
2014: 17.16 in 10 institutions
2019: 10.14 in 8 institutions

Desert Bighorn Sheep
2014: 21.27.3 in 6 institutions
2019: 24.40 in 7 institutions

Kordofan Sheep
2014: 13.25 in 3 institutions
2019: 24.28 in 7 institutions

Nubian Ibex
2014: 22.40 in 9 institutions
2019: 28.21 in 7 institutions
The update notes that there will be changes due a new Breeding & Transfer Plan, but I don't know if this is a good or bad thing. It should also be noted that the large loss in breeding females will largely be due to the LA Zoo having to euthanize their entire breeding herd after becoming infected with a form of herpesvirus.

Sichuan Takin
2014: 54.50 in 21 institutions
2019: 80.86 in 29 institutions

Markhor
2014: 29.52 in 8 institutions
2019: 50.72 in 13 institutions

Armenian Mouflon
2014: Not Listed
2019: 5.14 in 3 institutions

Transcaspian Urial
2014: Not Listed
2019: 11.26 in 6 institutions

Barasingha
2014: 16.35 in 4 institutions
2019: 26.28 in 5 institutions

Bactrian Deer
2014: 14.30 in 3 institutions
2019: 18.36.9 in 2 institutions

Barbary Deer
2014: 3.43 in 1 institution
2018: 0.34 in 1 institution
This taxa is listed for phase-out in the AZA for obvious reason

Calamian Deer
2014: 6.4 in 3 institutions
2019: Not Listed; Phase-Out

Chilean Pudu
2014: 15.26 in 13 institutions
2019: 18.23 in 14 institutions

Brow-Antlered Deer
2014: 21.45 in 6 institutions
2019: 23.40 in 5 institutions
Sedgwick County Zoo is in the process of phasing out their 1.1 deer, having been rehomed at a yet to be named collection.

Greater Malay Chevrotain
2014: 10.11 in 8 institutions
2019: 14.22.3 in 10 institutions

American Moose
2014: 17.25 in 11 institutions
2019: 15.33 in 11 institutions

Pere David's Deer
2014: 41.70.1 in 12 institutions
2019: 50.80 in 15 institutions

Mexican Red Brocket
2014: 12.8 in 5 institutions
2019: 6.5 in 4 institutions

Siberian Musk-Deer
2014: 17.20 in 3 institutions
2019: 9.6 in 4-5 institutions

Tufted Deer
2014: 38.30 in 19 institutions
2019: 32.22 in 16 institutions

White-Lipped Deer
2014: 15.20 in 5 institutions
2019: 9.16 in 2 institutions

Reeves's Muntjac
2014: Not Listed
2019: 50.54.1 in 40 institutions

Przewalski's Wild Horse
2014: 63.76 in 23 institutions
2019: 55.63 in 21 institutions

Grevy's Zebra
2014: 68.115 in 41 institutions
2019: 55.100 in 35 institutions

Hartmann's Mountain Zebra
2014: 16.38 in 9 institutions
2019: 24.49 in 18 institutions

Persian Onager
2014: 13.22 in 4 institutions
2019: 9.21 in 3 institutions

Plains Zebra
2014: 141.260.4 in 96 institutions
2019: 78.191. 1 in 67 institutions

Somali Wild Ass
2014: 18.36 in 7 institutions
2019: 28.40 in 10 institutions

North Sulawesi Babirusa
2014: 0.0.61 in 15 institutions
2019: 30.31 in 20 institutions
While the 2019 population within the AZA program is the same as in 2014, it should be noted that American zoos have sent a handful of animals to Europe to participate in the EAZA EEP, so the population has been growing ever so slightly.

Chacoan Peccary
2014: 22.34.1 in 12 institutions
2019: 38.37.15. in 19 institutions

Collared Peccary
2014: 27.30 in 17 institutions
2019: Not Listed; Phase-Out

Common Warthog
2014: 42.60 in 42 institutions
2019: 53.68 in 34 institutions

Red River Hog
2014: 91.92 in 56 institutions
2019: 76.79.138 in 55 institutions

Common Hippopotamus
2014: 26.51 in 31 institutions
2019: 27.50 in 31 institutions

Pygmy Hippopotamus
2014: 21.38.10 in 16 institutions
2019: 37.62.9 in 17 institutions

Visayan Warty Pig
2014: 37.37 in 14 institutions
2019: 33.38 in 19 institutions

Malayan Tapir
2014: Not Listed
2019: 14.20 in 17 institutions

Baird's Tapir
2014: Not Listed
2019: 24.21 in 18 institutions

Eastern Black Rhinoceros
2014: Not Listed
2019: 29.34 in 26 institutions

Indian Rhinoceros
2014: Not Listed
2019: 39.42 in 30 institutions (includes a few international holdings for some reason)

Southern White Rhinoceros
2014: Not Listed
2019: 0.0.278 in 62 institutions

Now obviously the above only lists stats for current AZA program species so there will be several more species not managed by the AZA still present in zoos around the country. Additionally, there will be species noted above that have further animals kept outside of the AZA population whose figures are not represented here. The additional species I can provide further numbers for follows:

West African Bushbuck
2019: 6.3 at 1 institution

Western Bay Duiker
2020: 5.11.1 in 3 institutions

Persian Goitered Gazelle
2019: 0.3 in 1 institution

Gaur
2020: 26.23 in 6 institutions

American Elk
2018: 74.158.36 in 11 institutions

Rocky Mountain Elk
2018: 4.8 in 3 institutions

Roosevelt Elk
2018: 28.18.21 in 5 institutions

Mandarin Sika
2018: 2.4 in 2 institutions

Manchurian Sika
2018: 5.5.6 in 2 institutions

Vietnamese Sika
2018: 10.13 in 3 institutions

Formosan Sika
2018: 0.3 in 1 institution

Generic Cervus nippon (sensu lato)
2018: 102.141.61 in 14 institutions

There are many species left unlisted still; Beisa Oryx, Black Wildebeest, Ugandan Kob, Blackbuck, Nilgai, Indian Sambar, Malayan Sambar, Chital, Indian Muntjac, Indian Hog Deer, Calamian Deer, Caribou, American Bison*, Rocky Mountain Goat, Stone Sheep, Japanese Serow, Bornean Bearded Pig, Brazilian Tapir, etc.

It's my hope that, over time, we can add more population figures to this thread and maybe even get lists of institutions for each taxa as with the other population threads.

*The TAG is currently working on a studbook for genetically pure Plains Bison. I'm not sure if the 2020 update was going to include these figures or if it is still in progress.

~Thylo

No axis deer or sambar deer anywhere? What about blackbuck or nilgai?